8,204 research outputs found
Innovative and non-destructive technologies to evaluate quality of rocket leaves for ready to eat salads
Get PDF‘Rocket’ is a collective name to indicate many species of green leaves belonging to Brassicacea family and are significantly consumed in the Mediterranean countries either as stand-alone salads or mixed with other vegetables. They are well known for their pungent smell, bitter flavor and high nutritional value. Rocket leaves are commercially grown as perennial and annual species, the former known as perennial wall rocket also known as wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenufolia(L.) DC.) and the latter named annual garden rocket (Eruca satvia Mill.). The Diplotaxis tenufolia plant can achieve a height of 80 centimeters (cm) and is characterized by a tap root and lengthy leaves. A typical leaf of Diplotaxis tenufolia is fleshy, oblong and deeply lobed, possessing sharp apexes. On the other hand, Eruca satvia Mill. grows to achieve a height of 40 cm possessing lyrate-pinnatifid leaves, having an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes with a rosette shaped arrangement of the leaves. Eruca satvia Mill. species as compared to the Diplotaxis tenufolia possesses a thin tap root and is characterized by a rigid unbranched stem. Both the species manifest similar morphological and nutritive aspects possessing a characteristic bitter taste based on the account of glucosinolates present. In the modern era, the consumer awareness regarding food safety, origins of the produce, nutritional value and demand for minimally processed fresh produce has led the food industry to explore rapid, reliable and cost effective methods for the evaluation of food products and their shelf-life since the conventional destructive analysis methods are time consuming, expensive, targeted and labor intensive. In this regard, non-destructive methods are gaining significant popularity which are assisting the food industry for the early fruits defect detection, fruits and vegetable classification on the basis of variety, maturity stage and origin and for the prediction of main internal constituents, mainly soluble solids and acids, and physical properties like firmness. On the industrial scale a significant weightage is given towards achieving fresh produce with superior quality in terms of vitamins, antioxidant activity, phenols and secondary metabolites. Rising concerns regarding the nutritional composition led many research works to evaluate the feasibility of the spectral profiles in the visible near infrared range (Vis-NIR), near infrared range (NIR) and hyperspectral images (HSI) for prediction and mapping of desired compounds in fresh produce. It is important to mention that non-destructive techniques cannot completely replace the conventional methods but can serve to assist these techniques saving time, expenses and labor. On the other hand, the non-destructive methods need no sample preparation once the model is developed making the prediction process quick. In this research work non-destructive techniques have been illuminated with respect to their potentiality in rocket leaves with special emphasis on hyperspectral imaging for the quality assessment of the fresh-cut rocket leaves accompanied by a basic introduction of the non-destructive image analysis techniques. In the first research work the feasibility of using spectral profiles for the estimation of the shelf life of the rocket leaves was evaluated using a multivariate accelerated shelf life testing (MASLT) approach. Spectral changes over time were modeled by using principal component analysis (PCA) and as variation to the conventional method, partial least squares (PLS) method. Kinetic charts were built fitting the first principle component (PC1) and the first latent variable (LV1) scores versus time. In both cases, the kinetics were described by a first order reaction, and the model performance was evaluated by the R2 values which ranged between 0.73 to 0.95 for samples stored at three different temperatures, one of them being the market temperature while the rest were categorized as accelerated temperatures which are usually higher than the market temperature. The cut-off value was calculated by judging the unacceptable spectra of samples at the accelerated temperature, as a result of which the shelf life of rocket leaves was estimated using the MASLT approach. The shelf life estimation was done using PCA based MASLT conventionally used as well as using a newly introduced methodology i.e. PLS based MASLT yielding encouraging results in both cases particularly in case of the PLS based MASLT. On the other hand, since the literature regarding quality evaluation of rocket leaves or any other leafy vegetables over time shows that the potential of hyperspectral imaging in the visible and near infrared regions has not been investigated pursing the aim of prediction and mapping of internal constituents. Hence hyperspectral imaging data was evaluated employing Partial Least Squares regression (PLSR) for the prediction of Vitamin C, ascorbic acid (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), antioxidant activity and phenols in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) over a storage span of 12 days at 5oC. Hyperspectral images of the wild rocket leaves were acquired in the Vis-NIR (400-1000nm) and the NIR (900-1700nm) ranges using different data pretreatments and wavelength selection techniques. The model reliability was checked by the root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 values. Among the predicted parameters Vitamin C, AA, antioxidant activity and phenols were predicted satisfactorily in the NIR range. The prediction maps for the parameters were calculated to follow the changes over the storage period yielding more reliable results in the NIR range. All the results indicated that hyperspectral imaging combined with multivariate data possess the capability to provide reliable information regarding the shelf life estimation of the rocket leaves as well as for the prediction and mapping of the internal constituents
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
Get PDFThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Spectral and Hyperspectral Technologies as an Additional Tool to Increase Information on Quality and Origin of Horticultural Crops
No full textNowadays, consumer awareness of the impact of site of origin and method of production on the quality and safety of foods, and particularly of fresh produce, is driving the research towards developing various techniques to assist present certifications, traceability, and audit procedures. With regard to horticultural produce, consumer preferences have shifted to fruit and vegetables, which are healthy and ecologically produced, and toward processed foods having sustainable or social certifications and with sites of origin clearly reported on the label. Some recent studies demonstrate the potentiality of near infrared (NIR) technology (including hyperspectral imaging) for discriminating fresh and processed horticultural products based on their composition, quality attributes, and origin. These studies principally mention that each biological tissue possesses a fingerprint NIR spectrum, which consists of a unique and characteristic pattern of radiation, distinguishing a particular biological tissue from physically and/or chemically different samples. Particularly, recent studies discriminated apples, wine, wheat kernels, and derived flours based on their geographical origins. Spectral information allowed discrimination among growing methods (organic and conventional) for asparagus and strawberry fruits, and among harvest dates for fennels, table grapes, and artichokes. Moreover, information about freshness and storage days after minimal processing can be obtained. Recent literature and original results will be discussed. From our perspective, present results suggest that these techniques may have a potentiality to increase information about product history, but if and only if the variability captured by the classification models is vast in terms of diverse samples belonging to various cultivars, varieties, harvest times, cultural practices, geographical origins, storage conditions, and maturity stages, while being used as a complementary method to the conventional ones―either to make an initial screening of critical features, or to add to the amount of available information. Lacking the inclusion of these parameters could result in good classification results, but the reliability of the classification in this case would be dubious in terms of assessment of the factor contributing towards correct classification
SIFAT DAN KEPRIBADIAN GURU PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN SURAT AL-MUDASSIR AYAT 1-7
Get PDFThe teacher is a noble profession. He has a role as a substitute for parents in Islam. The teacher is the successor to the struggle of the prophets. This noble position requires the nature of a personality that can be modeled by his students. This article contains a post about the nature and personality of the perspective of al-Qur\u27an teacher based on Al-Mudassir 1-7 Verses. This letter came down as an order to the prophet Muhammad to preach (educate) the people of Mecca at that time through the science of education, in the Surah Al-Mudassir 1-7 verses, there are six traits and personalities that must be possessed by a teacher to succeedsin carrying out his duties as an educator
The Complete Muhammad Ali
No full textIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Intro -- DEDICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- The Curious History of an Icon -- CHAPTER 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- CHAPTER 3 -- CHAPTER 4 -- CHAPTER 5 -- CHAPTER 6 -- CHAPTER 7 -- Did the Secret Government Fear a U.S. Muslim/Overseas Muslim Alliance? -- CHAPTER 8 -- CHAPTER 9 -- The Break Between the Prophet and his Disciple -- CHAPTER 10 -- CHAPTER 11 -- CHAPTER 12 -- The GOAT (Greatest Of All Time): Ali or Louis? -- CHAPTER 13 -- The Nation of Islam, the Mob, Showdowns in Canada and Sonny Liston -- CHAPTER 14 -- CHAPTER 15 -- The Taunts: Marketing or Racism? -- CHAPTER 16 -- CHAPTER 17 -- CHAPTER 18 -- CHAPTER 19 -- Boxing and the Brain -- CHAPTER 20 -- Ali's Feet -- CHAPTER 21 -- Mr. Dick -- CHAPTER 22 -- CHAPTER 23 -- The Opening Ceremonies, November 2005 -- CHAPTER 24 -- December 2005, Las Vegas -- CHAPTER 25 -- CHAPTER 26 -- June 16, 2004 -- CHAPTER 27 -- CHAPTER 28 -- CHAPTER 29 -- Aix-en-Provence -- CHAPTER 30 -- Ali as a Black Nationalist -- San Francisco, January 2004 Black Liberation Book Fair -- CHAPTER 31 -- January 31, 2004 -- CHAPTER 32 -- October 2005, Chicago -- CHAPTER 33 -- Why Ali remained with Elijah instead of following Malcolm -- CHAPTER 34 -- CHAPTER 35 -- February 4, 2006, Oakland, California -- CHAPTER 36 -- Like Zeus Descending from Mount Olympus -- CHAPTER 37 -- CHAPTER 38 -- Tuesday, February 28, 2006, New York -- CHAPTER 39 -- Bigger Than Boxing -- CHAPTER 40 -- Tribes Gallery, New York, April 2006 -- CHAPTER 41 -- June 2006, Louisville, Kentucky -- CHAPTER 42 -- CHAPTER 43 -- CHAPTER 45 -- Bad Company -- CHAPTER 46 -- Coxson, A Very Charming Rogue -- CHAPTER 47 -- Ali and the largest embezzlement scheme in Wells Fargo history -- CHAPTER 48 -- CHAPTER 49 -- "Lonnie is a stabilizing force."-Harry Belafonte -- October 29, 2006 -- CHAPTER 50 -- Abdul Rahman -- CHAPTER 51 -- CHAPTER 52 -- CHAPTER 53How Will Ali Be Remembered? New York, January 8, 2005 -- CHAPTER 54 -- CONCLUSION -- AFTERWORD -- Boxers' Rights? -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- MUHAMMAD ALI -- ISLAM AND NATION OF ISLAM -- BOXING -- RELATED SUBJECTS -- ALSO AVAILABLE FROM BARAKA BOOKSIncluding material and photographs not included in most of the 100 other books about the champion, Ishmael Reed's The Complete Muhammad Ali is more than just a biography-it is a fascinating portrait of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. An honest, balanced portrayal of Ali, the book includes voices that have been omitted from other books. It charts Ali's evolution from Black Nationalism to a universalism, but does not discount the Nation of Islam and Black Nationalism's important influence on his intellectual development. Filipino American author Emil Guillermo speaks about how "The Thrilla' In Manila" brought the Philippines into the 20th century. Fans of Muhammad Ali, boxing fans, and those interested in modern African American history and the Nation of Islam will be fascinated by this biography by an accomplished American author.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
The use of non destructive techniques to assess the nutritional content of fruits and vegetable
No full textThe use of hyperspectral imaging to predict the distribution of internal constituents and to classify edible fennel heads based on the harvest time
No full textThe objective of this study was to use hyperspectral imaging to predict the internal concentration of soluble solids (SSC), individual sugars and organic acids, phenols, and antioxidant activity of fennel heads in relation to different sheath layers and harvest times. Thirty-five fennel heads were collected during 7 different harvest times over a period of 3 weeks. For each fennel VisNIR (400–1000 nm) and NIR (900–1700 nm) images of the perpendicular section were acquired. From the external to the internal part of the fennel chemical analysis of each leaf was done summing up to 160 samples. Similarly, for hyperspectral images three regions of interest (ROI) were extracted and averaged for each corresponding leaf. A calibration set of 105 samples and a validation set of 31 samples was used to develop the PLSR models, after removing 20 samples without correct reference values and 4 outlier spectra. Among the predicted parameters only SSC, DPPH and phenols could be predicted with satisfactory accuracy. Particularly, for SSC, mean centering gave an R2 of 0.87, 0.81, 0.77 for calibration, cross validation, and prediction, respectively (RMSEP of 0.515 over a range of values from 4 to 9%). First derivative combined with SNV applied for DPPH gave the same accuracy with R2 of 0.81, 0.76, 0.78 (RMSEP of 2.460 over a range of 20–250 mg kg−1). The best preprocessing technique for phenols was MSC (mean) yielding RMSEP of 3.042 (over a range from 50 to 350 mg kg−1). In addition it was possible to map the constituent concentrations on the hyperspectral images showing the increase of soluble solids, phenolics and antioxidant activity from the external to the internal leaves. As for classification of fennels according to harvest time using PLS-DA, all the classes were distinguished with a non-error rate of 89.29% in calibration 75.71% in cross validation and 88.57% in prediction. Except for some samples of class 5 in calibration and 2, 4 and 5 in case of cross validation, all others were nearly correctly classified. In conclusion results of this work showed the potentiality of hyperspectral imaging in the Vis-NIR spectral range to predict internal constituents and to classify fennel heads according to the harvest time
Potential of NIR spectroscopy for predicting internal quality and discriminating among strawberry fruits from different production systems
No full textThe suitability of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was assessed for predicting the initial internal quality
of strawberries, and for discriminating between different classes of fruits produced by three different
fertility management systems: conventional (C), organic based on input substitution (S), and organic
based on manure and cover crop amendment (M). Reflectance spectra were acquired using a Fourier
Transform (FT)-NIR spectrometer for 219 ‘Festival’ strawberries (93 M, 96 S, and 30 C). Relevant
wavelength ranges were identified by Bruker’s OPUS software and elaborated in MATLAB. The partial
least squares (PLS) SIMPLS algorithm was tested in prediction models for total soluble solids content
(TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content, and phenolic content, while PLS-DA
(DA = discriminant analysis) was used in the classification models. The intact strawberry spectra
resulted in good predictions of TSS content (R2 = 0.85; RMSEP = 0.58), pH (R2 = 0.86; RMSEP = 0.09), and TA
(R2 = 0.58; RMSEP = 0.15). For the classification models, both sensitivity and specificity were >0.97 for
external sample classes. In addition to being a valid approach for the selection of superior quality
strawberries, the presented NIR methodology is expected to be a promising support for the traceability
and authentication of organic produce
Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Kitab Washaya Al-Aba’ Li Al-Abna Karya Muhammad Syakir Al-Iskandari
Get PDFThis research aims to identify the character education values contained in the book Washaya al-Aba' li al-Abna Muhammad Syakir and the role of his opinion on the richness of character education values. It is hoped that this research can be used as a source or reference in efforts to develop education and character as a whole, especially character education according to Islam. It can also be used as a reference to facilitate understanding of character education and as a reference for relevant research in the future. This research method is qualitative and uses a narrative biography method. By using a descriptive presentation approach, this autobiography of the character's thoughts combines the ideas of character education from his work. Library research, or library research, is a research method that involves books, articles, notes and electronic media. with primary sources from the book Washaya al Aba Li al-Abna and secondary sources from study books. In this research, data collection was carried out through the documentation method, which includes searching for data through variables such as notes, books, and articles, among others. The author used a content analysis study to analyze the data; they analyzed the data textually based on the contents of the book. The research results show that the book Washaya al Aba Li al-Abna contains 17 educational character values, divided into two categories: 10 character values fall into the moral category and 7 character values fall into the performance category. Faith and piety, love and obedience to the Messenger of Allah, respect for parents, respect for teachers, truth or honesty, nobility or self-respect, patience, sincerity and a simple life are moral characters. Performance characteristics also include trust, discipline, hard work, never giving up, love of the country, interest in reading or literacy knowledge, and concern for the environment
Early discrimination of mature-and immature-green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using fluorescence imaging method
No full textDetecting mature-green and immature-green tomatoes using non-destructive approaches is a challenge for the fresh produce industry. Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging technique with excitation wavelength at 365 nm and UV–vis CCD camera was used for early non-destructive detection of mature-green and immature-green fruit from 200 randomly harvested green tomatoes. Conventional destructive analysis regarding locule gel development and seed texture were assessed to assign the maturity stage of the fruit. In addition soluble solid content (SSC), pH, total acidity (TA), and color were measured, on the training set and on the prediction set, in this case also after 10 d of storage. Fluorescence intensity at the surface of immature-green fruit was higher in the red region (690 nm) than that of mature-green fruit, suggesting that hyperspectral fluorescence imaging can be an effective classification tool. A univariate classification method was used to distinguish mature-green and immature-green tomatoes based on the grey scale values extracted from fluorescence imaging, with a non-error rate of 96 % in calibration and 100 % in external prediction. Hence, a non-destructive method for the early distinction of mature-green from immature-green tomatoes is available
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