130,483 research outputs found
Virtue: Virtual Enterprises for Information Markets
No full textAn essential part of a modern economy is an information market. In this market, information products are being traded in countless ways. Information is bought, modified, integrated, incorporated into other products and then sold again. Usually, the manufacturing of an information product requires the collaboration of several participants. A virtual enterprise is a community of business entities that collaborate on the manufacturing of new products. This collaboration is often ad hoc, for a specific product only, after which the virtual enterprise may dismantle. The virtual enterprise paradigm is particularly appealing for modeling collaborations for manufacturing information products, and in this paper we present a new model, called VirtuE, for modeling such activities
Legitimate lies: The relationship between omission, commission, and cheating
No full textAcross four experiments, we show that when people can serve their self-interest, they are more likely to refrain from reporting the truth (lie of omission) than actively lie (lie of commission). We developed a novel online “Heads or Tails” task in which participants can lie to win a monetary prize. During the task, they are informed that the software is not always accurate, and it might provide incorrect feedback about their outcome. In Experiment 1, those in the omission condition received incorrect feedback informing them that they had won the game. Participants in commission condition were correctly informed that they had lost. Results indicated that when asked to report any errors in the detection of their payoff, participants in the omission condition cheated significantly more than those in the commission condition. Experiment 2 showed that this pattern of results is robust even when controlling for the perceived probability of the software error. Experiments 3 and 4 suggest that receiving incorrect feedback makes individuals feel more legitimate in withholding the truth, which, in turn, increases cheating
Grid-VirtuE: a layered architecture for grid virtual enterprises
No full textA grid virtual enterprise is a community of independent enterprises concerned with a particular sector of the economy. Its members (nodes) are small or medium size enterprises (SME) engaged in bilateral transactions. An
important principle of a grid virtual enterprise is the lack of any global "guiding force", with each member of the community making its own independent decisions.
In this paper we describe Grid-VirtuE, a three-layer architecture for grid virtual enterprises. The top layer of the architecture, representing its ultimate purpose, is an environment in which grid virtual enterprises can be modeled and implemented. This layer is supported by middleware infrastructure for grids, providing a host of grid services, such as node-to-node communication, bilateral
transactions, and data collection. The bottom layer is essentially a distributed data warehouse for storing, sharing and analyzing the large amounts of data generated by the grid. Among other functionalities, the warehouse handles the dissemination of data among the members of the grid; it confronts issues of data magnitude with an aging mechanism that aggregates old data at a lower level of detail; and it incorporates privacy-preserving features that retain the confidentiality of individual members. Warehouse information is also used for data and process mining, aimed at analyzing the behavior of the enterprise, and subsequently inducing evolutionary changes that will improve its performance.A grid virtual enterprise is a community of independent enterprises concerned with a particular sector of the economy. Its members (nodes) are small or medium size enterprises (SME) engaged in bilateral transactions. An
important principle of a grid virtual enterprise is the lack of any global "guiding force", with each member of the community making its own independent decisions.
In this paper we describe Grid-VirtuE, a three-layer architecture for grid virtual enterprises. The top layer of the architecture, representing its ultimate purpose, is an environment in which grid virtual enterprises can be modeled and implemented. This layer is supported by middleware infrastructure for grids, providing a host of grid services, such as node-to-node communication, bilateral
transactions, and data collection. The bottom layer is essentially a distributed data warehouse for storing, sharing and analyzing the large amounts of data generated by the grid. Among other functionalities, the warehouse handles the dissemination of data among the members of the grid; it confronts issues of data magnitude with an aging mechanism that aggregates old data at a lower level of detail; and it incorporates privacy-preserving features that retain the confidentiality of individual members. Warehouse information is also used for data and process mining, aimed at analyzing the behavior of the enterprise, and subsequently inducing evolutionary changes that will improve its performance.Monograph's chapter
Figure 5 in Molecular analysis reveals a cryptic species of Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) in the Cape Verde Islands
No full textFigure 5. Chthamalus sp. from Praia, Cape Verde. Trophi. A, labrum and labial palp. B, Isolated labial palp. C, pair of maxillae. D, isolated maxilla. E, maxillule. F, mandible.Published as part of Tikochinski, Yaron, Motro, Uzi, Simon-Blecher, Noa & Achituv, Yair, 2020, Molecular analysis reveals a cryptic species of Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) in the Cape Verde Islands, pp. 1072-1087 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 on page 1078, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa159, http://zenodo.org/record/563689
Figure 4. Shell and opercular valves. A in Molecular analysis reveals a cryptic species of Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) in the Cape Verde Islands
No full textFigure 4. Shell and opercular valves. A, Chthamalus sp. from Praia, Cape Verde, top view. B–D, scutum and tergum inner view: B, Chthamalus sp. from Praia, Cape Verde; C, Chthamalus stellatus from Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands; D, C. stellatus from Biarritz, France. E, scutum and tergum outer view, Chthamalus sp. from Praia, Cape Verde.Published as part of Tikochinski, Yaron, Motro, Uzi, Simon-Blecher, Noa & Achituv, Yair, 2020, Molecular analysis reveals a cryptic species of Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) in the Cape Verde Islands, pp. 1072-1087 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 on page 1077, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa159, http://zenodo.org/record/563689
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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