20 research outputs found
Utilization of Multi-Tasking Non-Edible Plants for Phytoremediation and Bioenergy Source-A Review
No full textHeavy metal contamination of land and freshwater resources is a serious concern worldwide. It adversely affects the health of animals, plants and humans. Therefore, remediation of toxic heavy metals must be highly considered. Unlike other techniques, phytoremediation is a holistic technology and can be used in large scale for soil remediation as it is costless, novel, environmentally-safe and solar-driven technology. Utilization of non-edible plants in phytoremediation is an ingenious technique as they are used to generate new bioenergy resources along with the remediation of contaminated soils. Some nonfood bioenergy crops such as Salix species, Miscanthus species, Populus species, Eucalyptus species, and Ricinus communis exhibit high capability to accumulate various metals and to grow in contaminated lands. However, there are still sustainable challenges facing coupling phytoremediation with bioenergy production from polluted lands. Therefore, there has long been a need for developing different strategies to resolve such challenges. In this article review, we will discuss the phytoremediation mechanism, the technique of phytoremediation coupling with bioenergy production, sustainable problems facing linking phytoremediation with energy production as well as possible strategies to enhance the efficiency of bioenergy plants for soil decontamination by improving their characteristics such as metal uptake, transport, accumulation, and tolerance
The demographic benefit of international migration : hypothesis and application to the Middle Eastern and North African contexts
Get PDFThe view that international migration has no impact on the size of world population is a sensible one. But the author argues, migration from developing to more industrial countries during the past decades may have resulted in a smaller world population than the one which would have been attained had no international migration taken place for two reasons: most of recent migration has been from high to low birth-rate countries, and migrants typically adopt and send back to their home countries models and ideas that prevail in host countries. Thus, migrants are potential agents of the diffusion of demographic modernity, that is, the reduction of birth rates among nonmigrant communities left behind in origin countries. This hypothesis is tested with data from Morocco and Turkey where most emigrants are bound for the West, and Egypt where they are bound for the Gulf. The demographic differentials encountered through migration in these three countries offer contrasted situations-host countries are either more (the West) or less (the Gulf) advanced in their demographic transition than the home country. Assuming migration changes the course of demographic transition in origin countries, the author posits that it should work in two opposite directions-speeding it up in Morocco and Turkey and slowing it down in Egypt. Empirical evidence confirms this hypothesis. Time series of birth rates and migrant remittances (reflecting the intensity of the relationship kept by emigrants with their home country) are strongly correlated with each other. Correlation is negative for Morocco and Turkey, and positive for Egypt. This suggests that Moroccan and Turkish emigration to Europe has been accompanied by a fundamental change of attitudes regarding marriage and birth, while Egyptian migration to the Gulf has not brought home innovative attitudes in this domain, but rather material resources for the achievement of traditional family goals. Other data suggest that emigration has fostered education in Morocco and Turkey but not in Egypt. And as has been found in the literature, education is the single most important determinant of demographic transition among nonmigrant populations in migrants'regions of origin. Two broader conclusions are drawn. First, the acceleration of the demographic transition in Morocco and Turkey is correlated with migration to Europe, a region where low birth-rates is the dominant pattern. This suggests that international migration may have produced a global demographic benefit under the form of a relaxation of demographic pressures for the world as a whole. Second, if it turns out that emigrants are conveyors of new ideas in matters related with family and education, then the same may apply to a wider range of civil behavior.Population Policies,Gender and Social Development,Anthropology,Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement,Human Migrations&Resettlements
Effect of Spraying Algae Extract and Potassium Nitrate on the Yield and Fruit Quality of Barhee Date Palms
No full textThe effect of foliar spray with algae extract and/or potassium nitrate on the quantity and quality of Barhee date palm yields was investigated during the 2017 and 2018 seasons. Inflorescences of Barhee date palms were sprayed twice, after pollination (1st April of each season) and one month later, with algae extract at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0% and with potassium nitrate at concentrations of 1% and 2% applied individually or in combinations. The obtained results showed that all of the sprayed treatments enhanced the yield and fruit properties when compared to the controls. Spraying inflorescences of Barhee date palms with algae extract and/or potassium nitrate had a significant effect on the yield and on the physical and chemical properties of the fruit when compared with the untreated palms. The increase in yield and qualitative properties was associated with increasing concentrations of both materials (algae extract and potassium nitrate). The best results were detected with spray containing high rates of combined treatment (1% algae extract + 2% potassium nitrate) applied twice in both seasons studied because this treatment resulted in the highest value of fruit and bunch weight, increased the yield per palm compared to the control by about 60.2%, and improved the fruit physical properties (fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index, flesh weight, and seed weight) and fruit chemical properties (total soluble solids (TSS); acidity; TSS/acid ratio; tannins; and reducing, nonreducing, and total sugars) of the Barhee date palm given the experimental conditions
Evaluation of Physico-chemical Properties of Some Date Varieties and Yoghurt Made with its Syrups
No full textEndophytic Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus tequilensis bacteria isolated from medicinal plants enhance phosphorus acquisition and fortify Brassica napus L. vegetative growth and metabolic content
Get PDFPhosphorus fertilization imposes critical limitations on crop productivity and soil health. The aim of the present work is to explore the potential of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) species in phosphorus supplementation of canola (Brassica napus L.). Out of 38 bacterial isolates obtained from nine medicinal plants, two bacterial strains (20P and 28P) were proved as the most potent for the in-vitro tricalcium phosphate solubilization test. These isolates verified their activity toward different enzymes as nitrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Also, 20P and 28P gave a high amount of indole-3-acetic acid, 34.16 μg/ml and 35.20 μg/ml, respectively, and were positive for siderophores production as they detected moderate affinity for iron chelation. Molecular identification confirmed that strain 20P was Bacillus vallismortis and strain 28P was Bacillus tequilensis. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of four different phosphorus concentrations (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% P) each alone and/or in combination with B. vallismortis, B. tequilensis, or both bacterial isolates on the vegetative growth and some physiological parameters of canola. The combined treatment of 50% phosphorus + (B. vallismortis + B. tequilensis) was generally the most effective with respect to shoot height, shoot dry mass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigment fractions, total sugar content, and accumulated NPK content. In contrast, the rhizosphere pH reached the minimum value under the same treatment. These findings highlighted the potential use of PSB (B. vallismortis and B. tequilensis) along with phosphorus fertilization as a safe sustainable tactic
Yusuf Efendi Zade'ye ait Sahihul Buhari Şerhi Necahul Kari kitabının tahkik ve incelemesi: Buyu' kitabı başlangıcından 2068 nolu hadise kadardır. bab(konu): Hz.Muhammed (Sallallahualeyhivesellem)' in nesie yoluyla satır alması
No full textMuhakkakki hamd sadece Allah'a aittir.Kendi nefsimizden ve günahlarımızdan Allaha sığınırız. Allah, kimi hidayete erdirirse onu yanıltacak kimdir! Kim dalalete düşerse hidayete erdirecek kimdir!Allah'tan başka ilah olmadığına ve Hazreti Muhammed'in onun kulu ve elçisi olduğuna şehadet ederiz. Hiç birimizin gözümüzden hadis el yazma eserlerinin ve el yazmaları mirasımızın önemi kaçmamaktadır. Hangi ümmet olursa olsun kültürüne ve ilmine muhafaza eden ümmet takdire şayandır. Bu eserlerde olan kültürün ümmetimize veya başka ümmetlere kattığına bakmaksızın geleceğe katkıda bulunan tüm kültürler içinde geçerlidir. Bu yazma eser ; İmam-ı Buhari'nin Sahihi Buhari şerhlerinden (Necah el-Kari lişerh Sahih el-Buhari) müellifi; Yusuf Efendi Zade , İslam iktisadı ve Hukukunda Yüksek lisans derecesini almak için ele alınmıştır. Necah el-Kari lişerh Sahih el-Buhari eseri bir mukaddime ve iki bölümden ve bir fihristen oluşur. Mukaddimede : Bu bölümde araştırma görevlisinin bu konuyu seçmesindeki sebebi ve konun önemi, bu yazma eserler ilgili geçmiş çalışmalar , araştırma projesi ve tezi ele alınacak uslübu içeririr. Birinci bölümde: Eserin ana unsuru beş kısıma ayrılır. Birinci kısımda : İmam-ı Buhari-Allah Rahmet eylesin- tanıtıldı. İkinci kısımda : Cami-ul Sahih (Sahih el-Buhari) kitabı tanıtıldı. Üçüncü kısımda : Müellif Yusuf Efendi Zade tanıtıldı. Dördüncü Kısımda : Eser tanıtıldı.(Necah elkari li-Şerh Sahih el-Buhari) İkinci bölümde :Tahkik nassını içermektedir. İçerisinde : Kitaba (Sahih-i Buhari) mutabık kalarak hadisin şerhedilmiş metnini.Muhakkıkın nassını Yusuf Zade'nin şerhini sonra ise haşiyenin tahkikidir. Tahkikin içerisinde Kitabu'l Buyu' başından 2068 nolu hadise kadardır.Bab(konu): Hz.Muhammed (sallallahualeyhivesellem)'in Nesie yoluyla satın alması.Bab başlıklarını bir düzen ile İmam-ı Buhari'nin Sahihinde olan dizgisini kullanmıştır. Yazma eserin nassını iyi bir şekilde düzenlenmiş ve dilinede ehemmiyet gösterilmiştir.Ayetlerin geçtiği sure ve ayet numaralarına işaret edilmiş ve Hadis Şeriflerin tahriç işlemleri ve biyografi , mekan ve ülkelerin tercemeleri verildi.Nasların açıklma ve delillendirme işlemleri asıl kaynaklarından yapılmıştır. Fihristler : Araştırmacının tezdeki son işlemidir.Kur'an-ı Kerim fihristini ve Biyografi (A'lam) fihristini ve araştırmada geçen ravi ve rivayetleri , kaynak katalogu ve referanslarını ve araştırılacak konuları ele almıştır. Gayret bizden tevfik Allahtandır.All thanks is to Allah, whom we seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from whatever evil our hearts conceal and from the consequences of our evil deeds. Whoever Allah grants guidance will never be led astray. Whoever He leads astray will never find guidance. I attest that none is worthy of worship except Allah, who has no partners, and that Mohammad is His slave and Messenger. Either after: The importance of AL-Hadith science manuscript and the heritage manuscript, which we inherited from our ancestors, is a known fact. It is the link between the past and the present, it is the symbol of development of the nations and civilization, all the knowledge of the nation is inscribed in it, from inspirations, and interpretations, and the annotated Prophet's Hadith, and etc., where a nation without knowledge is not a nation. This thesis is a study and verification of part of one of the manuscripts interpreting the Sahih book of Imam Al-Bukhari. The title of the manuscript is "Nagah AL-Karea le sharh Sahih al-Bukhari" by Yusuf Effendi Zade. This thesis is introduced as a partial fulfillment of the master degree in the Islamic economy doctrine. The thesis consists of an introduction, two modules and indexes. The introduction section explains why the researcher chose this topic, then the importance of the selected topic, then the prior work in the selected topic, then the research plan and methodology used in the study. The first module consists of five chapters: Chapter 1: - an introduction about Imam Muhammad al-Bukhari. Chapter 2: - information about "al Gamee al Sahih" book (Sahih al Bukhari). Chapter 3: - an introduction about the author Yusuf Effendi Zade. Chapter 4:- information about "Nagah AL-Karea le sharh Sahih al Bukhari" book. The second module contains verified text, which includes: explanation of the text of the Hadith (as stated in Sahih al Gamee's book), then the verified text from the explanations of Yusuf Zade, then the related part which is verified in the reference. The verified part starts from "Trades book" to the 2068th Hadith, chapter: the Prophet Mohamed purchasing on credit. Mentioning the chapters ordered according to the order of the chapters mentioned in al imam al bukhari's book. The text of the book has been well adjusted, while taking the language into consideration, and the ascription of all the included verses in the text to the holy Quran, mentioning its sura and number, the authentication of the prophet's hadith, biography of the scholars, places and countries, and whatever the text requires from comments and additional attestations from the original resources. Indexes come at the end to conclude the thesis. Indexes include an index for Quranic verses, scholar and narrator index, resources and references, and the table of content. Our intention is to please Allah. For me Allah suffices, and He is the best disposer of affairs
Care of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an international analysis of quality indicators in the acute coronary syndrome STEMI Registry of the EURObservational Research Programme and ACVC and EAPCI Associations of the European Society of Cardiology in 11 462 patients
No full textAims To use quality indicators to study the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in different regions. Methods and results Prospective cohort study of STEMI within 24 h of symptom onset (11 462 patients, 196 centres, 26 European Society of Cardiology members, and 3 affiliated countries). The median delay between arrival at a percutaneous cardiovascular intervention (PCI) centre and primary PCI was 40 min (interquartile range 20–74) with 65.8% receiving PCI within guideline recommendation of 60 min. A third of patients (33.2%) required transfer from their initial hospital to one that could perform emergency PCI for whom only 27.2% were treated within the quality indicator recommendation of 120 min. Radial access was used in 56.6% of all primary PCI, but with large geographic variation, from 76.4 to 9.1%. Statins were prescribed at discharge to 98.7% of patients, with little geographic variation. Of patients with a history of heart failure or a documented left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40%, 84.0% were discharged on an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker and 88.7% were discharged on beta-blockers. Conclusion Care for STEMI shows wide geographic variation in the receipt of timely primary PCI, and is in contrast with the more uniform delivery of guideline-recommended pharmacotherapies at time of hospital discharge. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved
Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
No full textBackground Timely and comprehensive analyses of causes of death stratified by age, sex, and location are essential for shaping effective health policies aimed at reducing global mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides cause-specific mortality estimates measured in counts, rates, and years of life lost (YLLs). GBD 2023 aimed to enhance our understanding of the relationship between age and cause of death by quantifying the probability of dying before age 70 years (70q0) and the mean age at death by cause and sex. This study enables comparisons of the impact of causes of death over time, offering a deeper understanding of how these causes affect global populations. Methods GBD 2023 produced estimates for 292 causes of death disaggregated by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2023. We used a modelling tool developed for GBD, the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to estimate cause-specific death rates for most causes. We computed YLLs as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. Probability of death was calculated as the chance of dying from a given cause in a specific age period, for a specific population. Mean age at death was calculated by first assigning the midpoint age of each age group for every death, followed by computing the mean of all midpoint ages across all deaths attributed to a given cause. We used GBD death estimates to calculate the observed mean age at death and to model the expected mean age across causes, sexes, years, and locations. The expected mean age reflects the expected mean age at death for individuals within a population, based on global mortality rates and the population's age structure. Comparatively, the observed mean age represents the actual mean age at death, influenced by all factors unique to a location-specific population, including its age structure. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 250-draw distribution for each metric. Findings are reported as counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2023 include a correction for the misclassification of deaths due to COVID-19, updates to the method used to estimate COVID-19, and updates to the CODEm modelling framework. This analysis used 55 761 data sources, including vital registration and verbal autopsy data as well as data from surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. For GBD 2023, there were 312 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 3 country-years of surveillance data, 51 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 144 country-years of other data types that were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. Findings The initial years of the COVID-19 pandemic caused shifts in long-standing rankings of the leading causes of global deaths: it ranked as the number one age-standardised cause of death at Level 3 of the GBD cause classification hierarchy in 2021. By 2023, COVID-19 dropped to the 20th place among the leading global causes, returning the rankings of the leading two causes to those typical across the time series (ie, ischaemic heart disease and stroke). While ischaemic heart disease and stroke persist as leading causes of death, there has been progress in reducing their age-standardised mortality rates globally. Four other leading causes have also shown large declines in global age-standardised mortality rates across the study period: diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, stomach cancer, and measles. Other causes of death showed disparate patterns between sexes, notably for deaths from conflict and terrorism in some locations. A large reduction in age-standardised rates of YLLs occurred for neonatal disorders. Despite this, neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of global YLLs over the period studied, except in 2021, when COVID-19 was temporarily the leading cause. Compared to 1990, there has been a considerable reduction in total YLLs in many vaccine-preventable diseases, most notably diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and measles. In addition, this study quantified the mean age at death for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality and found noticeable variation by sex and location. The global all-cause mean age at death increased from 46·8 years (95% UI 46·6–47·0) in 1990 to 63·4 years (63·1–63·7) in 2023. For males, mean age increased from 45·4 years (45·1–45·7) to 61·2 years (60·7–61·6), and for females it increased from 48·5 years (48·1–48·8) to 65·9 years (65·5–66·3), from 1990 to 2023. The highest all-cause mean age at death in 2023 was found in the high-income super-region, where the mean age for females reached 80·9 years (80·9–81·0) and for males 74·8 years (74·8–74·9). By comparison, the lowest all-cause mean age at death occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where it was 38·0 years (37·5–38·4) for females and 35·6 years (35·2–35·9) for males in 2023. Lastly, our study found that all-cause 70q0 decreased across each GBD super-region and region from 2000 to 2023, although with large variability between them. For females, we found that 70q0 notably increased from drug use disorders and conflict and terrorism. Leading causes that increased 70q0 for males also included drug use disorders, as well as diabetes. In sub-Saharan Africa, there was an increase in 70q0 for many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Additionally, the mean age at death from NCDs was lower than the expected mean age at death for this super-region. By comparison, there was an increase in 70q0 for drug use disorders in the high-income super-region, which also had an observed mean age at death lower than the expected value. Interpretation We examined global mortality patterns over the past three decades, highlighting—with enhanced estimation methods—the impacts of major events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to broader trends such as increasing NCDs in low-income regions that reflect ongoing shifts in the global epidemiological transition. This study also delves into premature mortality patterns, exploring the interplay between age and causes of death and deepening our understanding of where targeted resources could be applied to further reduce preventable sources of mortality. We provide essential insights into global and regional health disparities, identifying locations in need of targeted interventions to address both communicable and non-communicable diseases. There is an ever-present need for strengthened health-care systems that are resilient to future pandemics and the shifting burden of disease, particularly among ageing populations in regions with high mortality rates. Robust estimates of causes of death are increasingly essential to inform health priorities and guide efforts toward achieving global health equity. The need for global collaboration to reduce preventable mortality is more important than ever, as shifting burdens of disease are affecting all nations, albeit at different paces and scales. Funding Gates Foundation
Diseño de una formulación tipo gel a partir de aceite esencial de hojas de laurel (Laurus Nobilis) como ingrediente activo para el control de la cucaracha alemana (Blattella germanica)
No full textIlustraciones a color, tablas, gráficosEl uso de insecticidas químicos ha generado preocupaciones ambientales y efectos adversos sobre el ser humano. En paralelo, la cucaracha alemana (Blattella germanica) es un vector de patógenos en entornos urbanos el cual se ataca con formulaciones sintéticas con potenciales efectos contaminantes.
Para esto se buscó aprovechar los mecanismos de protección de las plantas basados en el aceite esencial que genera para lograr desarrollar un bioplaguicida en formulación gel basado en aceite esencial de laurel (Laurus nobilis). La investigación incluyó la extracción del aceite esencial mediante hidrodestilación, seguida de la caracterización de sus componentes por cromatografía de gases acoplado a masas. Se formularon emulsiones con concentraciones de 5%, 25% y 45% del aceite esencial y se evaluó su eficacia mediante bioensayos en poblaciones controladas de Blattella germanica. Este estudio presenta una alternativa sostenible para el control de plagas, contribuyendo a la reducción del impacto ambiental asociado a insecticidas convencionales. La investigación demuestra que el bioplaguicida desarrollado ofrece una eficiencia comparable a los productos sintéticos y destaca por su perfil potencialmente biodegradable.PregradoIngeniero Agroindustria
