15 research outputs found
Uso de inteligencia artificial en medicina veterinaria equina
No full textMortier , Garance Blanche Liza Eugénie; director de proyecto: Gómez Lucas, Raquel2023-2024Grado en VeterinariaFacultad de Veterinari
Synthèses d'articles parus dans la presse internationale: Rubrique coordonnée par Monika Gangl
No full textNational audience- Étude préliminaire pour évaluer l'utilisation de l'échographie abdominale FLASH chez les chevaux en coliques en pratique ambulatoire de première opinion, synthèse réalisée par Fanette Sénéchal- Revue de la maladie glandulaire gastrique équine, synthèse réalisée par Clara Lozano Rodriguez- Leptospirose aiguë du cheval : étude rétrospective de 11 cas, synthèse réalisée par Garance Mortie
Informal Risk Sharing in an Infinite-Horizon Experiment
No full textOur laboratory study of risk sharing without commitment captures the main features of a simple model of voluntary insurance. Participants are paired in matches with stochastic endings. Each period they receive fixed endowments and one of the pair (randomly-drawn) also receives an additional amount; they can then make voluntary transfers to each other. While smoothing consumption is attractive, only self-enforcing risk sharing is possible. We find evidence supporting the theory: transfers provide insurance to individuals, a higher match continuation probability raises transfers and more risk-averse individuals make larger transfers. More surprisingly, transfers decrease with ex ante inequality, potentially reflecting considerations of identity. Copyright � The Author(s). Journal compilation � Royal Economic Society 2009.
De Jessie à Muriel, super-héroïnes tchèques face à la normalisation. Sur l’oeuvre transmédiatique du dessinateur tchèque Kája Saudek
No full textLa période de la guerre froide est souvent pensée comme celle d’une non-porosité entre l’Ouest et l’Est. Cependant, des objets culturels découverts avant l’instauration de gouvernements socialistes continuent de circuler. À partir de l’oeuvre de l’auteur tchèque Kája Saudek, nous nous proposons d’étudier comment les comic strips américains ont été adaptés, retravaillés et transformés en Tchécoslovaquie communiste dans les années 1960. Saudek a collaboré à un classique du cinéma populaire tchèque, Kdo chce zabít Jessii? (Qui veut tuer Jessie?), réalisé par Václav Vorlíček. À la même époque, il se lance dans un projet plus personnel, Muriel a andělé (Muriel et les Anges), scénarisé par l’écrivain Miloš Macourek et inspiré de la bande dessinée française Barbarella. Cet article revient sur l’oeuvre atypique d’un monument de la bande dessinée tchèque, au carrefour de diverses influences dans un monde coupé en deux.The Cold War period is often thought of as a period of non-porosity between West and East. However, cultural objects discovered before the establishment of socialist governments continue to circulate. Based on the work of Czech author Kája Saudek, we propose to study how American comic strips were adapted, reworked and transformed in communist Czechoslovakia in the 1960s. Saudek collaborated on a classic of Czech popular cinema, Kdo chce zabít Jessii? (Who Wants to Kill Jessie?), directed by Václav Vorlíček. At the same time, he worked on a more personal project, the graphic novel Muriel a andělé (Muriel and the Angels) written by Miloš Macourek and inspired by the French comic strip Barbarella. This article looks back at the atypical work of a monument of Czech comics, at the crossroads of various influences in a world split in two blocs
L’environnement du droit réflexions épistémologiques depuis une matrice disciplinaire juridique
No full textPublished: 11 December 2025This chapter examines how the environmental crisis challenges the foundations, methods, and paradigms of legal science. It argues that law should be understood as embedded within a broader “environment” composed of social, ecological, political, and normative relationships. Environmental litigation reveals law’s dual role as both a tool for activism and a mediator between competing interests. Drawing on interdisciplinarity and legal pluralism, the author criticizes Kelsenian normativism for its methodological purity and state-centered focus. The concept of environment promotes a relational, pluralistic, and non-hierarchical understanding of law. Environmentalization transforms the legal disciplinary matrix by rethinking subjects, values, and sources of normativity. Law becomes a resource among others rather than a sovereign reference. Ultimately, the chapter advocates an “impure” environmental theory of law that integrates critique, values, and social practices
L'idée de droit social de Georges Gurvitch : la société comme source de droit
No full textGeorges Gurvitch is today an author whose thought has suffered the ravages of time. In the 1930s, he proposed the concept of social law: a law formed by social groups that would regulate the legal relations within the group, while avoiding the formation of individual power and developing an internal democracy. The present study is both an explanation of Gurvitch's programme on social law and a use of his thought in relation to questions that cross contemporary legal science. Social law appears to be an operative concept for legal science in that it makes it possible to understand the functioning of certain associations and cooperatives in the field of labour law and because it opens up avenues for reflection on the legal claims of minorities for the recognition of a group right. In this sense, it is a question of conceptualising the forms of contemporary legal pluralism, which implies of questioning the role of the judge as a regulator between a law that comes from society and the law of the State. As a result, it is the democratic mechanisms at various levels that are questioned in order to develop a bottom-up conception of law, from society to the State.Georges Gurvitch est aujourd’hui un auteur dont la pensée a subi les outrages du temps. À la fois juriste, philosophe et sociologue, il propose dans les années 1930 le concept de droit social : un droit formé par les groupes sociaux encadrant les rapports juridiques internes au groupe, tout en évitant la formation d’un pouvoir individuel et en développant une démocratie interne. La présente étude est à la fois une explication du programme de Gurvitch sur le droit social et une utilisation de sa pensée en rapport à des questions qui traversent la science du droit contemporaine. Le droit social apparaît comme un concept opératoire pour la science du droit en ce qu’il permet de comprendre le fonctionnement de certaines associations et coopératives dans le champ du droit du travail et parce qu’il ouvre des pistes de réflexion au sujet des revendications juridiques des minorités pour la reconnaissance d’un droit des groupes. En ce sens, il s’agit de conceptualiser les formes d’un pluralisme juridique contemporain qui implique de se questionner sur le rôle du juge comme régulateur entre le droit venu de la société et le droit de l’État. De ce fait, ce sont les mécanismes démocratiques à diverses échelles qui sont questionnés pour développer une conception ascendante du droit, depuis la société jusqu’à l’Etat
George Gurvitch's idea of social law : society as a source of law
No full textGeorges Gurvitch est aujourd’hui un auteur dont la pensée a subi les outrages du temps. À la fois juriste, philosophe et sociologue, il propose dans les années 1930 le concept de droit social : un droit formé par les groupes sociaux encadrant les rapports juridiques internes au groupe, tout en évitant la formation d’un pouvoir individuel et en développant une démocratie interne. La présente étude est à la fois une explication du programme de Gurvitch sur le droit social et une utilisation de sa pensée en rapport à des questions qui traversent la science du droit contemporaine. Le droit social apparaît comme un concept opératoire pour la science du droit en ce qu’il permet de comprendre le fonctionnement de certaines associations et coopératives dans le champ du droit du travail et parce qu’il ouvre des pistes de réflexion au sujet des revendications juridiques des minorités pour la reconnaissance d’un droit des groupes. En ce sens, il s’agit de conceptualiser les formes d’un pluralisme juridique contemporain qui implique de se questionner sur le rôle du juge comme régulateur entre le droit venu de la société et le droit de l’État. De ce fait, ce sont les mécanismes démocratiques à diverses échelles qui sont questionnés pour développer une conception ascendante du droit, depuis la société jusqu’à l’Etat.Georges Gurvitch is today an author whose thought has suffered the ravages of time. In the 1930s, he proposed the concept of social law: a law formed by social groups that would regulate the legal relations within the group, while avoiding the formation of individual power and developing an internal democracy. The present study is both an explanation of Gurvitch's programme on social law and a use of his thought in relation to questions that cross contemporary legal science. Social law appears to be an operative concept for legal science in that it makes it possible to understand the functioning of certain associations and cooperatives in the field of labour law and because it opens up avenues for reflection on the legal claims of minorities for the recognition of a group right. In this sense, it is a question of conceptualising the forms of contemporary legal pluralism, which implies of questioning the role of the judge as a regulator between a law that comes from society and the law of the State. As a result, it is the democratic mechanisms at various levels that are questioned in order to develop a bottom-up conception of law, from society to the State
The practice of access pricing : telecommunications in the United Kingdom
No full textTelecommunications was the first network utility to be privatized in the United Kingdom. Drawing on 15 years'experience and discussion in the field, the author shows the economic principles of regulation in general and access pricing in particular that have been implemented. British Telecommunications (BT), formed as a public enterprise in 1980-81, was privatized in 1984. Since then the approaches to regulation have changed in three broad periods: the duoply, the transition to competition, and the recently introduced normalization phase. Dealing with each period, the author focuses on how the actual implementation of access charges are determined, at the same time providing background needed on regulatory intervention generally. Rather than follow the model of competition for a common infrastructure, Oftel [the Office of Telecommunications, the regulatory agency]has encouraged competition between alternative networks, which benefits customers but involves duplication of fixed costs. As a result of Oftel's approach, customers have seen their bills reduced 50 percent in real terms since privatization. It is difficult to know how much to attribute this remarkable result to technological progress (BT halved its workforce in the same period), to regulatory intervention (Oftel set string caps until 1997), or to competition (there are hundreds of players in the market). The author contends more weight should probably be given to the first two. Entrants have not achieved big market shares, if one considers the asymmetric regulation that has been in place for more than a decade. Indirectly, at least, competition benefited consumers by applying discipline to BT's behavior. Oftel's approach was interventionist until 1997, when it began trying to normalize the industry, as authority overseeing competition. The odds on complete deregulation are slight, and some controls on industry will remain. In the longer term, Oftel should especially monitor anticompetitive practices and collusive behavior among the bigger players (BT, CWC, and cellulator operators), The United Kingdom's interconnection experience demonstrates the complexity of the problem and its relationship to other topics, such as tariff rebalancing, access deficit, and universal service. Although a bit ad hoc, the recent incentive regulation, with a network cap based on proper accounting procedures and engineering models, may represent the best practice available today in the telecommunications industry, says the author.Public Sector Economics&Finance,Decentralization,Knowledge Economy,Economic Theory&Research,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Education for the Knowledge Economy,Knowledge Economy,Economic Theory&Research,ICT Policy and Strategies
Reconstructing Evolutionary Histories with Hierarchical Orthologous Groups
No full textWith the rapid advancement of large-scale sequencing initiatives, the need for efficient and accurate methods for inferring orthologous and paralogous relationships has never been more critical. Hierarchical orthologous groups (HOGs) provide a powerful solution to this challenge, offering a precise, scalable framework to study gene families and their evolutionary histories across diverse species. In this review, we introduce the concept of HOGs and explore their advantages over traditional methods. Next, we highlight key applications of HOGs, including their use in representing gene families, inferring ancestral genomes, tracking gene gain and loss events, functional annotation, and phylogenetic profiling. We overview the process of constructing HOGs and discuss the challenges and limitations of HOG inference. The HOG framework provides a clear and structured approach to organizing homologous genes, making it possible to gain deeper insights into gene family and species evolution.
© 2025. The Author(s)
Child labor : cause, consequence, and cure, with remarks on International Labor Standards
No full textAt least 120 million of the world's children aged 5 to 14 worked full-time in 1995, most of them under hazardous, unhygienic conditions, for more than 10 hours a day. This is an old problem worldwide but particularly so in Third World countries in recent decades. What has changed, with globalization, is our awareness of these child laborers. (The International Labor Organization distinguishes between"child work,"which could include light household chores and could have some learning value, and"child labor,"a pejorative phrase.) By bringing together the main theoretical ideas, the author hopes to encourage both more theoretical research and empirical work with a better theoretical foundation. Among other things, the author observes that: a) The problem is most serious in Africa, where the child-labor participation rate is 26.2 percent. The rate is 12.8 percent in Asia. But since 1950, the trend is a decline in that participation rate worldwide. For most Latin American countries, the decline is notable but less marked than in Asia. In large parts of Africa, including Ethiopia, the problem has been extremely persistent, but even there the trend is downward. b) Child labor has not always been considered evil, and there is no consensus on why it began to decline. In some (not all) countries legislative acts declared it illegal, in some there were rules about compulsory education, and increasing prosperity generally made families less likely to experience poverty if their children weren't working. c) Mandating compulsory education is regarded as more effective than outlawing child labor, because attendance at school is easier to monitor, but some experts believe economic progress is the answer to the problem. The justification for many interventions is that the state is more concerned about the well-being of children than parents are; the author believes such an assumption to be wrong when child labor occurs as a mass phenomenon rather than as isolated abuse. The author argues that, in some economies, the market for labor may exhibit multiple equilibria, with one equilibrium having low adult wage and a high incidence of child labor and another equilibrium exhibiting high adult wage and no child labor. The model is used to provide a framework for analyzing the role of international labor standards.Labor Standards,Children and Youth,Street Children,Labor Policies,Environmental Economics&Policies,Street Children,Children and Youth,Youth and Governance,Labor Standards,Educational Policy and Planning
