1,720,957 research outputs found
Miranda Unchained:: The Evolution of Feminine Freedom in Screen Representations of The Tempest
Get PDFThis paper examines the portrayal of female characters analogous to Miranda from William Shakespeare’s The Tempest in four audiovisual adaptations: the short black-and-white film The Tempest (Stow, 1908), the film Forbidden Planet (Wilcox, 1956), the episode “Requiem for Methuselah” from the TV series Star Trek (Bixby & Golden, 1969), and the Ikea TV commercial “Beds” (Cabral, 2014). Using gender theory alongside a semi-neo-historicist approach, my analysis contrasts the representation of these characters with the status of women’s rights in the corresponding historical periods. This study evaluates whether these portrayals reflect or challenge contemporaneous gender norms and societal roles and traces the broader evolution of gender equality and feminine freedom in the Western world from the 20th century to today. The findings suggest a generally positive trajectory, although often more progressive than that of the four productions’ historical realities
Metalepses and shoelaces: Advanced narrative resources in Nicholson Baker’s The Mezzanine
Get PDFNicholson Baker’s The Mezzanine (1988) bends narrative boundaries to the extreme. This article analyses the novel’s postmodern metatextuality, its confrontation of high culture and mass culture, its exploration of recursive thought processes, its inclusion of constantly shifting time references, and the function of its autodiegetic narrator. Special attention is given to the use of the footnote as a narrative device as it allows Baker to develop Gérard Genette’s concept of narrative metalepsis. Because of the unique way these advanced narrative resources are interwoven, the novel deserves wider academic attention as a milestone in contemporary literature in English.Nicholson Baker tensa al máximo los límites de la narrativa en The Mezzanine (1988). Este artículo analiza elementos de la novela, tales como su posmodernidad metatextual, la confrontación de la alta cultura y la cultura de masas, la exploración de procesos mentales recursivos, la inclusión de referencias temporales en cambio constante, y la función del narrador autodiegético. Presta especial atención al uso de la nota a pie de página como recurso narrativo que permite desarrollar el concepto de metalepsis narrativa definido por Gérard Genette. Debido a este singular entrelazado de recursos narrativos, la novela constituye un hito en la literatura contemporánea en inglés que merece mayor atención académica
Adecuación del análisis de requisitos de datos al contexto filológico del proyecto CIRCE
No full textThe problems derived from the collaboration between representatives of thematically diverse disciplines are a continuous focus of debate in the digital humanities field (Pitti, 2008: 485-486; Edmond, 2016: 54-56). Due to the need for designing, building, and administering a database containing philological information and a web application that gives access to said database, the philological research project “CIRCE: Early Modern Theatre on Screen” (https://circe.uv.es) has encountered the described issue since its inception. A fundamental objective when designing a software system with such characteristics consists of guaranteeing a requirements eliciting process whose results contemplate the team’s research needs, especially regarding the scope and structure of the data to store and manipulate. Said process must be managed including all stakeholders, in this case the project’s principal investigator, its members (researchers in the philology area who will also perform as the application’s users), and the information technology specialists in charge of its technical side. The success of such a task depends on adapting the linguistic register with which data needs are described to the abstraction level of the users (Sommerville, 2016: 103). Previous experiences in software development prove that the lack of collaboration between said actors aids the failure of such effort (Pressman and Maxim, 2020: 57-58; Harrington, 2016: 28).
To prevent misunderstandings in the identification of data requirements between the philological and technical members of CIRCE, a pre-analysis phase has been performed with the objective of determining which are the relevant data entities for the project’s purpose, which are the attributes of said entities to take into account, and which the accepted values for each attribute. Said activity has consisted in the elaboration of a series of data templates which have been distributed to the members of the project (future users of the web application), the inclusion by said members of information about audiovisual adaptations of European Renaissance theatre, and the subsequent analysis of the usage each team member has given to the templates. For the users of the application, the templates have played the part of use scenarios (Sommerville, 2016: 18); for the technical team, they have provided drafts of the data model to implement (Hills, 2016: n. pag.; Meier and Kaufmann, 2019: 25). The process has been refined iteratively through successive meetings and has allowed for an analysis of the project’s data needs whose level of detail and precision would have been hardly achieved had not all project members participated in it. This course of action has guaranteed the inclusion and implication of the whole team, mostly philological researchers, in a technical task generally associated with the software engineering discipline.
This article describes and explains said process, emphasising its interdisciplinary approach, its unifying attitude, and its interest in guaranteeing a high level of quality in the data requirements detection process. To achieve all of this, it references literature from different fields (digital humanities, software engineering, and database design), it remarks the need to apply software engineering concepts in similarly-scoped projects, it stresses the significance of attention to detail in data analysis (Date, 2019: 393), and it involves the user as an integral part of an information system’s data modelling process. The study of said process’s application to the context of the CIRCE project demonstrates the advantages of avoiding haste in the identification of data requirements thanks to assigning a generous amount of time to said task and enforcing the involvement of the users. The presence of mixed professional profiles that combine knowledge from such dissimilar spheres as philology and computing is assessed as advisable, as it reduces the communication problems derived from the absence of a common language between members of different knowledge domains.Los problemas inherentes a la colaboración entre representantes de disciplinas temáticamente diversas son un continuo foco de debate en el campo de las humanidades digitales (Pitti, 2008: 485-486; Edmond, 2016: 54-56). Dada la necesidad de diseñar, construir y administrar una base de datos con información filológica y una aplicación web que provea acceso a la misma, el proyecto de investigación filológica “CIRCE: Teatro europeo de la primera modernidad en pantalla” (https://circe.uv.es/es) ha participado de dicha problemática desde su incepción. Un objetivo fundamental a la hora de diseñar un sistema informático de estas características consiste en garantizar un proceso de educción de requisitos cuyos resultados contemplen las necesidades de investigación del equipo, muy especialmente en lo referente a la amplitud y estructura de los datos a almacenar y manipular. Dicho proceso debe gestionarse desde la inclusión de todas las partes interesadas, en este caso el investigador principal del proyecto, sus miembros (investigadores del área de filología que, asimismo, actuarán como usuarios de la aplicación), y el personal informático responsable de la parte técnica asociada. El éxito de semejante tarea pasa por adecuar el registro lingüístico con el que se describen las necesidades de datos al nivel de abstracción de los usuarios (Sommerville, 2016: 103). Experiencias previas en desarrollo de aplicaciones informáticas demuestran que la falta de colaboración entre dichas partes fomenta el fracaso de tal empresa (Pressman y Maxim, 2020: 57-58; Harrington, 2016: 28).
De cara a prevenir malentendidos en la identificación de necesidades de datos entre los integrantes filológicos e informáticos de CIRCE, se ha ejecutado una fase de pre análisis destinada a determinar cuáles son las entidades de datos relevantes para el propósito del proyecto, cuáles son los atributos de datos derivados de dichas entidades, y cuáles los valores posibles de cada atributo. Dicha actividad ha consistido en la elaboración de unas plantillas de datos distribuidas a los miembros del proyecto (futuros usuarios de la aplicación web), la inclusión por parte de dichos miembros de información relativa a adaptaciones audiovisuales de teatro renacentista europeo, y el análisis del uso dado a dichas plantillas por parte de cada miembro. Para los usuarios de la aplicación, las plantillas han jugado el papel de escenarios de uso (Sommerville, 2016: 118); para el equipo técnico, han provisto borradores del modelo de datos a implementar (Hills, 2016: s. pág.; Meier y Kaufmann, 2019: 25). El proceso se ha refinado iterativamente mediante sucesivas reuniones, y ha dado sus frutos en forma de un análisis de las necesidades de datos del proyecto cuyo nivel de detalle y precisión no habría sido alcanzable de no haber contado con la implicación de todos los participantes. Esta forma de proceder ha garantizado la inclusión e implicación de todo el equipo, mayoritariamente investigadores filológicos, en una tarea técnica generalmente asociada a la disciplina de ingeniería del software.
Este artículo describe y explica dicho proceso, haciendo hincapié en su enfoque interdisciplinario, su voluntad integradora, y su interés en garantizar la calidad del proceso de detección de requisitos de datos. Para ello hace referencia a literatura de diversos campos (humanidades digitales, ingeniería del software y diseño de bases de datos), manifiesta la necesidad de aplicar conceptos de ingeniería del software en proyectos de este ámbito, recalca la trascendencia derivada de la atención al detalle en el análisis de datos (Date, 2019: 393), e involucra al usuario como parte integral del proceso de modelado de datos de un sistema de información. El estudio de la trayectoria de dicho proceso en el contexto del proyecto CIRCE demuestra las ventajas de evitar la precipitación en la identificación de requisitos de datos mediante la asignación de una cantidad de tiempo generosa a dicha tarea, así como las de involucrar a los usuarios en la actividad. La presencia de perfiles profesionales mixtos que aúnen conocimiento de ámbitos tan dispares como la filología y la informática se valora como un elemento aconsejable con vistas a reducir los problemas de comunicación derivados de la ausencia de un lenguaje común entre integrantes de distintos dominios de conocimiento
The Horror of Death: A Foucauldian Reading of Power Relations in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now
Get PDFJoseph Conrad’s novella Heart of Darkness (1899) addresses the brutality underlying Europe’s colonisation of Africa. Its film adaptation Apocalypse Now (1979) shows the US Army’s radical practices in the Vietnam War. A comparative study of power relations on both works will help understand the workings of power in extreme sociopolitical circumstances devoid of a democratic environment. This article analyses both cultural products under the theoretical framework of Michel Foucault’s writings on power. Three conceptual nuclei where power relations emanate are scrutinised independently: imperialism and the resulting local resistance; internal hierarchies in colonial organisations; and the role of gender. The analysis shows that absolute power is intolerable, death its ultimate limit, and confession its main liberating mechanism.La novela corta Heart of Darkness (Joseph Conrad, 1899) aborda la brutalidad existente en la colonización europea de África. Su adaptación cinematográfica Apocalypse Now (1979) muestra las prácticas radicales acometidas por el ejército de los Estados Unidos en la Guerra de Vietnam. Un estudio comparativo sobre relaciones de poder en ambos trabajos ayudará a comprender cómo funciona el poder en circunstancias sociopolíticas extremas. Este artículo analiza ambos productos culturales bajo el marco teórico de los textos sobre poder de Michel Foucault. Tres núcleos conceptuales de donde emanan las relaciones de poder se examinan independientemente: el imperialismo y la resistencia resultante; las jerarquías internas en organizaciones coloniales; y el rol del género. El análisis muestra que el poder absoluto es intolerable, que la muerte es su límite definitivo y que la confesión es su principal mecanismo de liberación.La nouvelle Heart of Darkness (Joseph Conrad, 1899) traite de la brutalité de la colonisation européenne en Afrique. Son adaptation cinématographique Apocalypse Now (1979) dépeint les pratiques radicales de l\u27armée américaine pendant la guerre du Vietnam. Une étude comparative des relations de pouvoir dans les deux œuvres aidera à comprendre comment le pouvoir fonctionne dans des circonstances sociopolitiques extrêmes. Cet article analyse ces deux produits culturels dans le cadre théorique des textes de Michel Foucault sur le pouvoir. Trois noyaux conceptuels d\u27où émanent les relations de pouvoir sont examinés indépendamment : l\u27impérialisme et la résistance qui en résulte, les hiérarchies internes des organisations coloniales et le rôle du genre. Cette analyse montre que le pouvoir absolu est intolérable, que la mort est sa limite ultime et que la confession est son principal mécanisme de libération
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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