402 research outputs found
Uma solução de autenticação fim a fim para o LDP (Label Distribution Protocol)
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação.Este trabalho propõe uma solução de autenticação para o protocolo LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) que tem por objetivo autenticar, em um escopo fim a fim, o estabelecimento de um LSP (Label Switching Path) entre um LSR (Label Switching Router) de Ingresso e o seu respectivo LSR de Egresso. Objetiva-se suprir a deficiência do protocolo LDP de não possuir um mecanismo de autenticação fim a fim definido, aplicável entre LSRs não-adjacentes. Conforme foi verificado pelo levantamento de trabalhos correlatos, atualmente é desconhecida uma solução de autenticação semelhante, que efetivamente atenda o propósito de autenticar num escopo fim a fim, o estabelecimento de LSPs no protocolo LDP. Dessa forma a solução deste trabalho é inédita no seu escopo de aplicação. A solução foi planejada para ambientes onde LSPs atravessam múltiplos domínios externos, não confiáveis entre si, e que por isso necessitam de um mecanismo de autenticação durante o estabelecimento dos LSPs. A solução faz uso de um mecanismo de autenticação, baseado em criptografia assimétrica (chave pública e privada), anexado a cada mensagem LDP. Este mecanismo possibilita ao LSR receptor verificar e autenticar o originador da mensagem LDP. Adicionalmente a solução provê integridade de dados através de um mecanismo de resumo de mensagens (hash) e também protege contra ataques de repetição através da inserção de um nonce às mensagens LDP
Grammatical Expression of Impersonality in LSP Texts and Translations
No full textAbstractThis article is focused on grammatical means for rendering an impersonal style in translation of scientific texts. The purpose of the study is to apply corpus linguistics research method and obtain the evidence on the actual use and acceptability of nouns representing research in collocation with active verbs. The obtained results show the most frequent collocations and the trends in their occurrence in available corpora. Findings indicate that the collocations persistently appear in the sentence-initial position in edited LSP texts. The author concludes that they are grammatical metaphors serving as impersonal reference from the scientific text to its author
LABOUR MARKET, VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND LSP TEACHING
No full textThis paper has three objectives: The first is to provide a brief description of the labour market tendencies and trends and how these affect vocational training. The second is to focus on the current state situation of LSP teaching - as an integral part of vocational training - in Hungary. Furthermore, how an LSP teacher should respond to labour market expectations.The third is to report the findings of a survey planned, executed and analysed by the author. The survey is concerned with how the average Hungarian company (employer) sees the importance of linguistic and LSP competence
Myxomycetes on carnaubeira (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore, Arecaceae)
No full textEntre dezembro/1994 e setembro/1995 foram realizadas sete excursões (2 a 4 dias cada) ao Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (4º5'-4º15'S, 41º30'-41º40'W, 450m alt.), em Piripiri, Piauí, visando coletar frutificações de Myxomycetes em indivíduos de Coperniciaprunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore, estabelecidos em área de cerrado, na localidade Lagoa Seca. As amostras foram herborizadas e incorporadas ao herbário UFP (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE), com duplicatas no herbário TEPB (Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI). Registrou-se apreciável incidência (70%) de Myxomycetes na carnaubeira, em estipe vivo e folhas mortas. Dezesseis espécies, pertencentes às Ceratiomyxaceae (Ceratiomyxa lsp.), Didymiaceae (Diachea lsp., Didymium 2spp.), Physaraceae (Craterium 1sp., Physarum 4spp.), Trichiaceae (Arcyria 2spp.) e Stemonitaceae (Comatricha 3spp., Macbrideola lsp., Stemonitis lsp.) foram registradas. Ceratiomyxaceae, representada por Ceratiomyxafruticulosa (Mull.) Macbr., constitui primeira referência para o Estado do Piauí.From December, 1994 to September, 1995, seven collecting trips (2-4 days each) were carried out in the "Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades" (4º5'-4º15'S, 41º30"-41º40'W, 450m alt.), Piripiri, Piauí State, Brazil, in order to collect Myxomycetes fruiting bodies on carnauba palm trees (Coperniciaprunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore), established in a place called "Lagoa Seca" (savanna-like stunted vegetation). The samples were herborized and included in the UFP Herbarium (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE) and the TEPB Herbarium (Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI). In relation to the substrate, the "carnaubeira" showed a high incidence of Myxomycetes (70%) on living stipitis and dead leaves. Sixteen species belonging to Ceratiomyxaceae (Ceratiomyxa lsp.), Didymiaceae (Diachea lsp., Didymium 2spp.), Physaraceae (Craterium lsp., Physarum 4spp.), Trichiaceae (Arcyria 2spp.) and Stemonitaceae (Comatricha 3spp., Macbrideola lsp., Stemonitis lsp.), were registered. Ceratiomyxaceae, represented by Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Mull.) Macbr., is a new record for Piauí State
LSP Text Translation Difficulties
No full textŠajā darbā tiek aplūkotas speciāllietojuma valodas tulkošanas problēmas. Darbā tiek atspoguļota kultūras faktoru nozīme un uzsvērta to loma tulkošanas procesā. Autors arī apraksta tulkošanas stratēģijas un pielietojamās metodes, kas varētu palīdzēt veiksmīgi risināt tulkošanas problēmas. Īpaša uzmanība pievērsta tulkošanas problēmām, kas saistītas ar leksikas un sintakses jautājumiem, tulkojot populārzinātniskus tekstus medicīnas jomā.
Autora mērķis ir izpētīt materiālus saistībā ar tulkošanas teoriju un identificēt tās speciāllietojuma valodas tulkošanas problēmas, ar kurām tulkotājs visbiežāk sastopas tulkošanas procesā. Teorija tiek papildināta un pamatota ar piemēriem no populārzinātniskiem rakstiem medicīnas jomā.This study attempts to identify LSP text translation difficulties. The author of the paper examines such factors as cross-cultural differences, untranslatability and conventions in order to reveal their impact on the translation process. Methods and strategies applied to handle LSP text translation difficulties are examined, as well. Particular stress is laid on translation difficulties at lexical and syntactical level.
The author discusses major factors influencing the process of translation and describes translation difficulties occurring in translation of medical texts within the theory and proven in practical applications. The methods applied in the paper deal with a study of sources and theory of translation, the analysis of practical material and its compatibility with theory
Should LSP Dictionaries also Include Professional Jargon and Slang?*
No full textThe paper discusses the question whether an LSP dictionary should take the sociolinguistic stratification of the entire speech community in a particular domain of activity into consideration, and as a consequence, also encompass vocabulary on the lower stylistic levels, such as professional jargon and occupational slang in addition to technical terminology and nomenclature. The author's contention is that by including such vocabulary, an LSP dictionary will be more comprehensive and closer to the communicative reality. Moreover, it will meet the more specific requirements of translators and interpreters. To substantiate this claim, the author examined two monolingual English dictionaries and five bilingual English-German (German-English) dictionaries published between 1973 and 2000, which have successfully incorporated professional jargon and slang. The subject areas covered range from law, economics, accountancy and business administration to geology, geophysics, geotectonics, and to automotive engineering. Some lexicographers have used style markers or usage labels (such as informal, colloquial, slang, vulgar, umgangssprachlich, förmlich, gehoben, finance, motoring, press) for vocabulary bearing stylistic or expressive connotations. As a rule, these style markers have only been given to key words of the source language so that they may be inferred for the target language equivalent. Ideally, as one dictionary author has proved, style markers should also be attached to target language equivalents. However, an LSP lexicographer must be aware of the fact that informal and slang words may be short-lived and be substituted by other colloquial and colourful words from oral communication — and that slang words may gradually lose their connotations and become stylistically neutral words and even terms.
Keywords: LSP dictionary, technical term, item of nomenclature, trivial (popular) name, professional jargon, occupational slang, trade name, connotation, stylistic level/level of style, style marker, usage label, monolingual/bilingual dictionary, sociolinguistic stratification of the speech community
Simplified supersymmetry with sneutrino LSP at 8 TeV LHC
No full textThe current searches of supersymmetry (SUSY) are based on the neutralino lightest sparticle (LSP). In this article we instead focus on SUSY with sneutrino LSP. It is well motivated in many contexts, especially in which sneutrino services as a dark matter candidate. We first develop a simplified model, which contains the stop, chargino/neutralino and sneutrino, to describe the LHC phenomenologies of a large class of models with sneutrino LSP. Then we investigate bounds on the model using the SUSY searches at the 8 TeV LHC. Strong exclusion limits are derived, e. g., masses of stop and chargino can be excluded up to about 900 GeV and 550 GeV, respectively. We also propose optimizations for some searches without turning to higher energy and luminosity.Physics, Particles & FieldsSCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
A real-time synchromodal framework with co-planning for routing of containers and vehicles
No full textThis paper considers a decentralized container transport system in which two decision-makers are involved in getting a container from its origin to its destination: a logistics service provider (LSP) and a flexible service operator (FSO). While the LSP receives shipment requests from shippers and controls the movement of containers over a multimodal network by booking scheduled (e.g., barges and trains) and flexible services (e.g., trucks) from service operators, the FSO manages a fleet of vehicles (e.g., trucks) that have flexible routes and departure times to fulfill the transport requests proposed by the LSP. In the literature, most of the studies focus on either container routing, by assuming all services have fixed routes and trucks are unlimited, or vehicle routing in a road network. This paper investigates the integrated problems of routing containers and vehicles through a multimodal network from a decentralized perspective considering the decision authorities of the LSP and the FSO. A synchromodal framework is designed to control the decision process which enables to utilize the benefits of real-time mode and route changes. To investigate the impact of communication, we develop a co-planning method under the synchromodal framework to coordinate the transport plans between the LSP and the FSO in real-time. The co-planning method considers a realistic level of information exchange and adheres to no changes in their responsibilities and authorities compared to current practice. The performance of the co-planning method is evaluated under various scenarios. The experimental results show that co-planning, using expected transport request fulfillment as feedback, reduces the total costs of container transportation and decreases the distance traveled by flexible vehicles under most of the scenarios.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Transport Engineering and Logistic
Tipos de señas inicializadas en la lengua de señas peruana (LSP): una propuesta de clasificación
No full textEl objetivo del presente estudio es clasificar las señas inicializadas en lengua de señas peruana (LSP). Para ello, en la investigación, participó un consultor Sordo peruano, quien, con base en su juicio gramatical como señante nativo de LSP, identificó, a partir de un conjunto de datos, aquellas señas que habían sido creadas vía inicialización, las cuales, posteriormente, el autor del estudio analizó. Los resultados muestran que las señas inicializadas en LSP pueden clasificarse con base en tres criterios: 1) según su número de letras, se reúnen en dos grandes clases, las que representan una letra y las que representan más de una letra; 2) según su origen, se agrupan en dos grandes clases, las que se originan de otras señas y las que no, y 3) según sus relaciones de significado, se dividen en seis clases: las señas que son casos de homonimia, las señas que son casos de sinonimia, las señas con significados del tipo subdominio > dominio, las señas con significados del tipo dominio > subdominio, las señas con significados del tipo subdominio > subdominio y las que se organizan en familias de señas. Se concluye que el español ha dejado una importante impronta en la creación léxica en LSP.O objetivo do presente estudo é classificar os sinais inicializados na Língua de Sinais Peruana (LSP). Para isso, a pesquisa contou com a participação de um consultor Surdo peruano que, com base em seu julgamento gramatical como usuário nativo da LSP, identificou, a partir de um conjunto de dados, os sinais formados por inicialização, que foram posteriormente analisados pelo autor do estudo. Os resultados mostram que os sinais inicializados em LSP podem ser classificados com base em três critérios: 1) de acordo com o número de letras, são agrupados em duas grandes classes: os que representam uma letra e os que representam mais de uma letra; 2) de acordo com sua origem, são agrupados em duas grandes classes: os que se originam deoutros sinais e os que não, e 3) de acordo com suas relações de significado, são divididos em seis classes: sinais que são casos de homonímia, sinais que são casos de sinonímia, sinais com significados do tipo subdomínio > domínio, sinais com significados do tipo domínio > subdomínio, sinais com significados do tipo subdomínio > subdomínio e aqueles que se organizam em famílias de sinais. Concluímos que o espanhol deixou uma marca importante na formação de palavras em LSP.The aim of this study is to classify initialized signs in Peruvian Sign Language (LSP). For this purpose, a Peruvian Deaf consultant participated in the research, who, based on his grammatical judgment as a LSP native signer, identified, from a set of data, those signs that were created via initialization, which were subsequently analyzed by the author of this study. The results show these signs in LSP can be classified on the basis of three criteria: 1) according to their number of letters, they are grouped into two major classes, those representing one letter and those representing more than one letter; 2) according to their origin, they are grouped into two major classes, those originating from other signs and those that do not, and 3) according to their meaning relations, they are divided into six classes: initialized signs as cases of homonymy, initialized signs as cases of synonymy, initialized signs with meanings of the subdomain > domain type, initialized signs with meanings of the domain > subdomain type, initialized signs with meanings of the subdomain > subdomain type, and initialized signs that are organized in sign families. It is concluded that Spanish has left an important imprint on word-formation in LSP
Land surface phenology retrievals for arid and semi-arid ecosystems
No full textLand surface phenology (LSP) plays a critical role in the regulation of photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, and energy fluxes. Significant progress has been made in extracting LSP information over large areas using satellite data, yet LSP retrievals remain a challenge over vast arid and semi-arid ecosystems because of sparse greenness, high variability and the lack of distinct annual patterns; for example, the MODerate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) Land Cover Dynamics Product MCD12Q2 that provides LSP metrics globally often failed to provide LSP information in these ecosystems. In this study, we used a modified threshold algorithm to extract LSP timing metrics, including the start, peak, and end of growing seasons, using the 16-day composite Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series from MODIS data. We applied this regionally customized algorithm across all arid and semi-arid climate regions of Australia (75% of the continental land area) encompassing shrublands, grasslands, savannas, woodlands, and croplands, extracting LSP metrics annually from 2003 to 2018, with up to two (phenology) seasons accounted for in each year. Our algorithm yielded an average of 64.9% successful rate of retrieval (proportion of pixels with retrieved LSP metrics) across 16 years in Arid and Semi-arid AUStralia (AS-AUS), which was a significant increase compared to the 14.5% rate of retrieval yielded in our study area by the global product and the major cause of the different performances between these two approaches was the different EVI amplitude restrictions utilized to avoid spurious peaks (i.e. EVI amplitude ≥ 0.1 used by the global product and peak EVI ≥ time series average EVI used by our algorithm). Gross primary productivity (GPP) measurements at OzFlux eddy covariance (EC) tower sites were used to cross-compare with the presence/absence of growing seasons detected by our algorithm, and 97% of our retrieved seasons matched with those extracted using EC data. Preliminary tests at five OzFlux sites showed that our algorithm was robust to view angle-induced sensitivity of the input data and showed similar performance when using EVI data calculated using MODIS Nadir BRDF-Adjusted Reflectance product. Our retrieved LSP metrics revealed that vegetation growth in arid ecosystems is highly irregular and can occur at any time of the year, more than once in a year, or can skip a year. The proportion of pixels with two growing seasons was found to be correlated with the average annual precipitation of the study area (p < 0.01), providing an estimation approach of LSP via rainfall. Our study improves the detection and measurement of vegetation phenology in arid and semi-arid regions by improving the spatial extend of LSP retrievals, which contributes to studies on LSP variations and dryland ecosystem resilience to climate change. More evaluation is planned for future work to assess and further improve the accuracy of the retrieved LSP metrics.</p
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