11 research outputs found
Comparative study on 1D (VP1) region of foot and mouth disease virus (Type A strain) among different isolates: Khorasan Razavi isolate and other Iranian and neighboring countries isolates
No full textFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most important virus disease in farm animals. Types O, A and Asia1 FMD virus have been endemic in Iran. In these study, samples from suspected livestock were analyzed by RT-PCR experiment. The number of 702 nucleotides determined at 1D -2B region of type A strain isolated from Khorasan Razavi province sequenced and compared with that of other reported isolates type A from Iran and neighboring countries.The results show that field isolated type A has about 89% similarity with other reported isolates type A from Iran and neighboring countries. Furthermore, this virus shows the most similarity with A/IRN/1/87(Samuel). Phylogenitic analysis revealed that virus was closely related to A22-Iraq/99 and A/IRN/iso/105 that rest in the same lineage. The data showed high similarity between type A viruses involved in the Khorasan Razavi province and A/IRN/87v (vaccine strain); so that it can be concluded that the vaccine can produce prophylactic antibody against this virus.Saied Zibaei, Hadi Keivanfar, Mohammad Rabbani, Farhid Hematzadeh, Mehdi Kianizade, Mohsen Fathi najafi, Majid Farhodi and Mohammad Hemmat
Faktor Penentu Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil di Perbankan Syariah Periode 2017-2022
No full textThe purpose of this study is, first to analyze the influence of variable of liquidity which proxied by Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposits Ratio (FDR), then variable of profitability which proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Operational Efficency Ratio (BOPO) and Non Performing Ratio (NPF) to Profit and Loss Sharing Financing on Islamic Banking under period 2017-2022, either partially or simultaneously. Second, to analyze the most factor influenced to profit and loss sharing financing on Islamic banking under period 2017-2022. Panel Regression is used on this research. Based on the result of panel regression explained that about a simultant test, all of independent variables on the research are affected on dependent variables which proxied by profit and loss sharing financing. However, on partially test, CAR has no a significance effect on profit and loss sharing while FDR has a negative effect on profit and loss sharing financing, ROA and BOPO has a negative effect on profit and loss sharing financing, and ROE has a positive effect on profit and loss sharing financing, according to NPF, it has a negative effect on profit and loss sharing financing. According to ROE variables, it has a high coefficient value than another variables, it is 0.618786 . It means that ROE is able to describe a profit and loss sharing financing more effective than another variables. Also Panin Dubai Syariah bank has a higher coefficient than another banks on this research it is 131.79345. This research can be an academic reference for Islamic banking management in order to give an optimum profit and loss sharing in the future
The Time Value of Money and the Economic Value of Time (A Comparative Study)
No full text“A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because a dollar today can be invested to get a return”. This sentence has made the function of money which was originally a medium of any transactions turned into commodities for getting any returns. By TVM, productivity and efficiency in investment and business can be measured. However, TVM on the Islamic viewpoint is closely related to interest. The objection of this study is to analyze critically the concept of the time value of money and its relation to interest, as well as the solution that has been offered. This paper is qualitative research with a literature approach based on primary data. The deductive method is used for collecting any data related to the topic of research, while the inductive method is used to describe the findings from primary data. The results of this study indicate that there are several rationalities for implementing TVM in the financial system including time preference, interest, risk bearing, uncertainty, and inflation that arise in society. The implication is, that any rationality that arises from the implementation of TVM must be followed by economic activities that occur in society. In this case, the economic value of time plays a role in separating natural certainty contracts and natural uncertainty contracts. This separation ultimately has implications for the elimination of gharar and interest in contracts.Tujuan dari studi ini ialah untuk menganalisa secara kritis tentang konsep nilai waktu dari uang di dalam sistem keuangan, dan apa yang ditawarkan oleh cendikiawan muslim jika konsep nilai waktu dari uang dihapus dari sistem keuangan islam. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur yang menjelaskan sumber primer dan sekunder. Hasil menunjukkan bahwasanya ada tiga alasan utama dari sebuah konsep nilai waktu dari uang. Pertama, nilai waktu merupakan alasan utama efisiensi di dalam investasi. Kedua, eksistensi nilai waktu terjadi akibat dari preferensi waktu positif di masyarakat yang membentuk interest alamiah. Ketiga, ini dikarenakan aktifitas ekonomi selalu bersinggungan dengan faktor ketidak pastian di masa depan. Peneliti juga menganalisa sebab para depositor menanamkan modalnya di berbagai perbankan, khususnya perbankan islam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwasanya ketidakpastian, preferensi waktu dan aktifitas ekonomi adalah alasan untuk sebuah konsep nilai uang di dalam deposito dan investasi. Implikasinya adalah alasan apapun dari konsep nilai uang harus diseimbangkan dengan menciptakan aktifitas ekonomi yang tepat dan efisien 
Cloning and expression most expected antigenic fragment of beta-toxin gene from Clostridium perfringens type B
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Effect of adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy for hospital-acquired bloodstream infections on ICU patient prognosis: a causal inference approach using data from the Eurobact2 study
No full textObjectives: Hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) are common life-threatening events. We wanted to investigate the association between early adequate antibiotic therapy and 28-day mortality in ICU patients surviving for at least 1 day after the onset of HA-BSI. Methods: We used individual data from a prospective, observational, multicenter, intercontinental cohort study (Eurobact2). We included patients followed for ≥1 day for whom time-to-appropriate treatment was available. We used an adjusted frailty-Cox proportional hazard model to assess the effect of time-to-treatment-adequacy on 28-day mortality. Infection- and patient-related variables identified as confounders by the Directed Acyclic Graph were used for adjustment. Adequate therapy within 24 hours was used for primary analysis. Secondary analyses were performed for adequate therapy within 48 and 72 hours and for identified patient subgroups. Results: Among the 2,418 patients included in 330 centers worldwide, 28-day mortality was 32.8% (n=402/1226) in patients who were adequately treated within 24 hours after HA-BSI onset and 40% (n=477/1192) in inadequately treated patients (p<0.01). Adequacy within 24 hours was more common in young, immunosuppressed patients, and with HA-BSI due to Gram-negative pathogens. Antimicrobial adequacy was significantly associated with 28-day survival (aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.96, p=0.01). The estimated population attributable fraction (PAF) of 28-day mortality of inadequate therapy was 9.15% (95% CI 1.9%-16.2%). Conclusions: In patients with HA-BSI admitted in ICU, the PAF of 28-day mortality of inadequate therapy within 24 hours was 9.15%. This estimate should be used when hypothesizing the possible benefit of any intervention aiming at reducing the time-to-appropriate antimicrobial therapy in HA-BSI
Presentation, management, and outcomes of older compared to younger adults with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit: a multicenter cohort study
No full textPurpose: Older adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have fair baseline functional capacity, yet their age and frailty may compromise their management. We compared the characteristics and management of older (≥ 75 years) versus younger adults hospitalized in ICU with hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (HA-BSI). Methods: Nested cohort study within the EUROBACT-2 database, a multinational prospective cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized in the ICU during 2019-2021. We compared older versus younger adults in terms of infection characteristics (clinical signs and symptoms, source, and microbiological data), management (imaging, source control, antimicrobial therapy), and outcomes (28-day mortality and hospital discharge). Results: Among 2111 individuals hospitalized in 219 ICUs with HA-BSI, 563 (27%) were ≥ 75 years old. Compared to younger patients, these individuals had higher comorbidity score and lower functional capacity; presented more often with a pulmonary, urinary, or unknown HA-BSI source; and had lower heart rate, blood pressure and temperature at presentation. Pathogens and resistance rates were similar in both groups. Differences in management included mainly lower rates of effective source control achievement among aged individuals. Older adults also had significantly higher day-28 mortality (50% versus 34%, p < 0.001), and lower rates of discharge from hospital (12% versus 20%, p < 0.001) by this time. Conclusions: Older adults with HA-BSI hospitalized in ICU have different baseline characteristics and source of infection compared to younger patients. Management of older adults differs mainly by lower probability to achieve source control. This should be targeted to improve outcomes among older ICU patients
The role of centre and country factors on process and outcome indicators in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections
No full textPurpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between centre/country-based factors and two important process and outcome indicators in patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI). Methods: We used data on HABSI from the prospective EUROBACT-2 study to evaluate the associations between centre/country factors on a process or an outcome indicator: adequacy of antimicrobial therapy within the first 24 h or 28-day mortality, respectively. Mixed logistical models with clustering by centre identified factors associated with both indicators. Results: Two thousand two hundred nine patients from two hundred one intensive care units (ICUs) were included in forty-seven countries. Overall, 51% (n = 1128) of patients received an adequate antimicrobial therapy and the 28-day mortality was 38% (n = 839). The availability of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for aminoglycosides everyday [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.14] or within a few hours (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34-2.38), surveillance cultures for multidrug-resistant organism carriage performed weekly (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.93), and increasing Human Development Index (HDI) values were associated with adequate antimicrobial therapy. The presence of intermediate care beds (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.84), TDM for aminoglycoside available everyday (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-1.00) or within a few hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.70), 24/7 consultation of clinical pharmacists (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.95), percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) between 10% and 25% in the ICU (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.00-2.80), and decreasing HDI values were associated with 28-day mortality. Conclusion: Centre/country factors should be targeted for future interventions to improve management strategies and outcome of HABSI in ICU patients
Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients: the EUROBACT-2 international cohort study
No full textPurpose: In the critically ill, hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) are associated with significant mortality. Granular data are required for optimizing management, and developing guidelines and clinical trials. Methods: We carried out a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with HA-BSI treated in intensive care units (ICUs) between June 2019 and February 2021. Results: 2600 patients from 333 ICUs in 52 countries were included. 78% HA-BSI were ICU-acquired. Median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was 8 [IQR 5; 11] at HA-BSI diagnosis. Most frequent sources of infection included pneumonia (26.7%) and intravascular catheters (26.4%). Most frequent pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (59.0%), predominantly Klebsiella spp. (27.9%), Acinetobacter spp. (20.3%), Escherichia coli (15.8%), and Pseudomonas spp. (14.3%). Carbapenem resistance was present in 37.8%, 84.6%, 7.4%, and 33.2%, respectively. Difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) was present in 23.5% and pan-drug resistance in 1.5%. Antimicrobial therapy was deemed adequate within 24 h for 51.5%. Antimicrobial resistance was associated with longer delays to adequate antimicrobial therapy. Source control was needed in 52.5% but not achieved in 18.2%. Mortality was 37.1%, and only 16.1% had been discharged alive from hospital by day-28. Conclusions: HA-BSI was frequently caused by Gram-negative, carbapenem-resistant and DTR pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance led to delays in adequate antimicrobial therapy. Mortality was high, and at day-28 only a minority of the patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Prevention of antimicrobial resistance and focusing on adequate antimicrobial therapy and source control are important to optimize patient management and outcomes
Correction: Shortening antibiotic therapy duration for hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: a causal inference model from the international EUROBACT-2 database
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