1,720,986 research outputs found
La question du droit dans la transformation numérique des administrations publiques
Full text linkAvec la volonté affichée d’offrir des services publics entièrement
numériques, les autorités veulent mener à terme une évolution amorcée il y a plus
de vingt ans. Le contexte a toutefois changé depuis la création du premier
« gouvernement en ligne ». Le cadre administratif et juridique n’est plus le même
compte tenu des enjeux liés à la protection des données, à la création d’une identité
numérique, au recours à l’infonuagique publique, à l’utilisation de données
biométriques ainsi qu’à l’usage grandissant des algorithmes dans des procédures
administratives automatisées. Si ce sont surtout les dimensions techniques et
administratives qui retiennent l’attention, le cadre juridique de cette transition
numérique offre un net contraste pour le choix des instruments d’intervention. Les
solutions retenues montrent l’attrait d’un modèle de gouvernance publique fondé
sur des instruments de gestion et du droit souple au détriment de la législation.
Compte tenu des impératifs grandissants de protection du public, le cadre législatif
est néanmoins en pleine évolution, bien qu’il présente encore plusieurs lacunes,
faute d’une véritable loi-cadre pour la transition numérique des administrations
publiques.Abstract: The current reforms in public administration are intended to be the
culmination of the move to implement digital government. Those reforms were
already informing the implementation process some twenty years ago. However,
since the first «e-government», the context has undergone significant changes. The
use of clouds, biometric data, as well as the increasing use of algorithms in
automated procedures all raise the issue of data protection, both public and
private. While the focus is on the technical and administrative dimensions of these
changes, their legal framework remains problematic. The choice of legal
instruments reveals a preference for soft law as a regulatory tool in preference to
legislation. While this preference is standard in the field of public policy, it
warrants nonetheless the enhanced protection of citizens’ rights and makes the
case for the use of robust legislation in the place of administrative instruments.
Despite the increasing use of legislation, the absence of a framework law leaves
many issues unresolved from a legal perspective
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ordre normatif interne et organisations
Full text linkCette première étude sur le thème de la normativité est consacrée à une dimension qui n'a guère retenu l'attention dans une perspective globale : l'appréhension des normes internes par le droit positif, tant pour les organisations privées que publiques. En dépit de son importance pour comprendre la dynamique organisationnelle de la normativité, cette dimension a été négligée au profit d'une réflexion traditionnellement orientée vers le monopole de la fonction législative et réglementaire par l'ordre juridique étatique. Dans le cadre d'une analyse de droit administratif, cette contribution vise à comprendre l'origine et le statut de ces pratiques normatives dans le fonctionnement des ordres juridiques internes. Insatisfait des explications trop formalistes du droit positif (droit privé et droit public), l'auteur attribue une essence institutionnelle à la normativité pour montrer que la technique juridique procède d'une rationalité purement instrumentale afin de répondre aux besoins des organisations complexes.This initial study on the theme of normativity focuses upon a dimension that has hardly attracted little attention from an overall perspective: the apprehension of internal norms by substantive law, both in private and public organizations. This phenomenon which is essential to an understanding of the organizational dynamics of normativity has been largely ignored in work principally oriented towards the monopoly of legislative and regulatory actions by the established state legal structure. Within the ambit of an analysis of administrative law, this contribution seeks to underscore the essential role played by these alternative practices of normativity in the operation of internal normative orders. Dissatisfied with overly formalist explanations provided by substantive law (public law and private law), the author ascribes an institutional essence to normativity, in order to show that legal techniques obey a purely instrumental rationality for purposes of responding to the needs of complex organizations
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Les règles administratives et le droit public : aux confins de la régulation juridique
Full text linkThèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal
La motivation des actes administratifs au Canada
Full text linkCe texte offre une vision peu répandue de la motivation des actes administratifs au Canada en intégrant, dans une perspective plus vaste, les enjeux relatifs aux actes de portée individuelle avec ceux qui conditionnent les actes de portée générale, notamment les actes réglementaires. Cette synthèse met ainsi en lumière la sous-utilisation des lois de portée générale, surtout en droit fédéral.Within the field of Canadian law, this paper offers a non-traditional perspective of the duty to give reasons for administrative acts. The author does so through an approach which consists of comparing individualized acts, like administrative decisions, and general acts, like regulations. This synthesis permits to explain the underuse of general statutes, especially in federal law
L'État de droit et la théorie de la rule of law
Full text linkLa prépondérance de l'État de droit dans le discours politique international justifie une comparaison avec la théorie de la rule of law. Le faible nombre d'études comparatives ne facilite pas la détermination précise de leur contenu réciproque alors que s'élaborent des postulats implicites d'équivalence ou de concordance. Le discours des droits fondamentaux et de la démocratie favorise ce rapprochement dans une perspective de standardisation du droit public. L'internationalisation, l'indétermination ainsi que l'indifférenciation de certains éléments qui figurent dans la problématique de l'État de droit facilitent cette comparaison avec les exigences traditionnelles de la rule of law. Par le rappel des conditions particulières qui ont présidé à l'élaboration de la notion d'État de droit et par un retour obligé sur le contenu théorique de la rule of law, l'auteur analyse des éléments de convergence et de divergence. En dépit d'une généalogie distincte, les deux notions concourent, par la richesse de leur contenu, à l'élaboration empirique d'un modèle syncrétique. L'insistance particulière sur la question du droit public et de la théorie de l'État dans la problématique de l'État de droit se concilie, sans difficulté majeure, avec l'importance traditionnelle des valeurs référentielles dans la théorie de la rule of law. En vue de satisfaire aux exigences de ce rapprochement, une dilution du contenu originel des deux notions reste néanmoins l'hypothèse la plus plausible comme le montre l'évolution récente du droit public au Canada. Dans le contexte canadien, ce syncrétisme offre de nouvelles perspectives de réflexion sur la question de la théorie générale de l'État et du droit public. Il permet de réactualiser la question du droit public dans le cadre d'une évolution marquée par le développement de la justice constitutionnelle et la constitutionnalisation du droit.The preponderance of the État de droit in international political discourse warrants a comparison with the theory of the Rule of Law. The small number of comparative studies does not facilitate the exact determination of their reciprocal contents at the same time that implicit postulates of equivalence and concordance are developing. Discourse on basic rights and democracy favours this rapprochement within a perspective of the standardization of public law. Internationalization, indeterminacy and lack of differentiation among certain elements found in the problematics of the État de droit facilitate this comparison with the traditional demands of the Rule of Law. By recalling the special conditions that presided over the development of the État de droit notion and by a forced retrospective on the theoretical content of the Rule of Law, the author identifies elements of convergence and divergence. Despite differing origins, the two notions contribute — owing to the wealth of their content—to the empirical development of a syncretic model. Specific emphasis on the question of public law and the theory of the State within the problematics of the État de droit is conciliated without major difficulties with the traditional importance of referential values in the Rule of Law. To satisfy the demands of this rapprochement, a dilution of the original content of these two notions remains nonetheless the most plausible hypothesis as seen in the recent evolution of public law in Canada. In the Canadian context, this syncretism offers new perspectives for reflecting on the question of the general theory of the State and public law. It makes it possible to rejuvenate the question of public law within an evolution marked by the development of constitutional justice and the constitutionalization of law
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
