1,720,986 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cisões: Análise de um conjunto de situações à luz do Modelo dos 5 Ps de Mintzberg (1987)
Get PDFLiterature often discusses matters concerning mergers and acquisitions. On the other hand, from an academic standpoint, spin-offs dwell in limbo as a poorly explored subject matter. Nevertheless, spin-off operations are a commonplace and serve multiple purposes including operational, legal, tax, litigation, and market amongst other, aspects. Ground on this perspective, this study sought to analyse the motivations driving a considerable number of spin-off operations – 60 in all – selected as of the 1930´s yet placing greater emphasis on those that took place as of 1990. Secondary data was researched, categorized and analysed by the author in light of Mintzberg’s 5 P´s model (1987), namely: a) plan – in the sense defining a future course of action; b) ploy, or maneuver to outsmart competition under given circumstances; c) position – in the sense of the patterns, standing and scope conquered within a given market; d) the company´s perspective when facing the market; e) pretext – a move or maneuver to face competition. Findings revealed that most spin-offs do fit, in descending order, into pretext, plan, position, pattern and finally, perspective frameworks. Costuma-se tratar de fusões e aquisições com freqüência na literatura. Porém, as cisões vivem em um permanente limbo, trata-se de assunto ainda pouco explorado em termos acadêmicos. Todavia, são muito comuns as operações de cisão, que podem atender a diversos propósitos, incluindo aspectos operacionais, legais, tributários, litigiosos, mercadológicos, entre outros. Com base nessa perspectiva, com o presente estudo, buscou-se analisar as motivações para um número considerável de operações de cisão, 60 ao todo, selecionadas a partir da década de 1930, com ênfase naquelas verificadas a partir de 1990. Foi empreendida uma busca de dados secundários, categorizadas pelos autores e analisadas à luz do modelo dos 5 P´s de Mintzberg (1987): a) plano – no sentido de curso de ação para o futuro; b) padrão (ploy), ou uma forma de superar a concorrência em dadas circunstâncias; c) posição – no sentido de espaço ocupado em determinado mercado; d) uma perspectiva de a empresa encarar o mercado; e e) pretexto – atitude para enfrentar a concorrência. Com base nos resultados, identificou-se que a maioria pode ser enquadrada como pretexto, seguida de plano e posição, depois padrão e perspectiva
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
EMPRESAS AÉREAS TIPO LOW-COST: ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS E HISTÓRICOS
Get PDFRESUMO As empresas de aviação low-cost representam um fenômeno interessante. Com a possibilidade de sua criação e consolidação com base na desregulamentação dos mercados de aviação mundo afora, possibilitaram a milhões de viajantes passarem a utilizar o avião regularmente. A finalidade do artigo foi resgatar o histórico de algumas empresas, tanto de sucesso quanto alguns fracassos, ricos em ilustrar diversos aspectos gerenciais, de liderança e empreendedorismo. Outro objetivo foi trazer conceitos ligados a tais empresas, vários deles menos conhecidos – como os das companhias low-cost de longa distância. A apresentação de algumas características dessas empresas como aquisições totais ou parciais também se reveste de interesse e atualidade. Finalmente, o estudo apresenta conclusões ao estudar as estratégias de algumas dessas companhias.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Empresas aéreas; Empresas low-cost; Gol; Azul; Estratégias Empresariais. ABSTRACT The low-cost airline companies represent an interesting phenomenon. With the possibility of its creation and consolidation based on the deregulation of world aviation, millions of travelers became to use planes regularly. The purpose of the article was to rescue the history of some companies, both success and some failures, rich to illustrate various aspects about management, leadership and entrepreneurship. Another goal was to bring concepts linked to such companies, many of them less known – such as the low-cost long-distance companies. The presentation of some characteristics of these companies as total or partial acquisitions also is of interest and relevance. Finally, the study presents findings to study the strategies of some of these companies.KEYWORDS: Airline companies; low-cost companies; Gol; Azul; Business Strategies
INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DO VAREJO: O CASO IKEA
Get PDFA internacionalização da economia se iniciou na indústria, estendendo-se aos serviços. O artigo trata da internacionalização do varejo, com o estudo de caso do maior varejista mundial de móveis. O ingresso de varejistas estrangeiros no país e a ida ao exterior de varejistas nacionais demandam estudos sobre internacionalização. A escolha da Ikea foi por ser apontado na literatura que seu sucesso se deu em parte ao seu processo de internacionalização. As principais conclusões foram que seu sucesso se baseou em: a) parcerias diversas; b) design de produto; c) criação de um formato de lojas com oferta de vantagens competitivas; e d) cultura de projetar, produzir, embalar e vender móveis. Com isso, obteve um modelo que se adaptou no exterior.
Palavras-chave: Varejo. Internacionalização. Estratégia Empresarial
Estratégia de verticalização a jusante: ingresso de produtores no varejo
No full textFaced with intense competition, it is increasingly vital the need to establish competitive advantages is increasingly vital in order to keep the company active with superior offerings to consumers in relation to the other competitors. The present paper classifies some situations of vertical and producers of goods and services into the retail market. The relatively recent entrance of several groups in retail activities not seems to be a fad like other business moves that were to be proved as ephemeral and poorly understood. The purpose of this paper is to present to producers of goods and services some interesting strategies practiced in the process of going to retail. Another purpose of the article is the presentation of numerous situations – with a very rich kind of variety showed by several companies in their approach to the market in this pursue to survival and growth. Another phase of the paper classifies the situations that were found in 12 types. Finally, the Conclusions section analyses all the 12 types.Ante o acirramento da concorrência, é cada vez mais vital a necessidade de se estabelecerem vantagens competitivas de modo a manter a empresa em atividade, com ofertas superiores aos consumidores em relação às dos concorrentes. O presente artigo apresenta e classifica algumas situações de verticalização de produtores de bens e serviços em direção ao varejo. O ingresso relativamente recente de vários grupos de grande porte em atividades varejistas não parece ser um modismo como vários outros movimentos empresariais que vieram a se mostrar efêmeros e mal compreendidos. A finalidade do artigo está em apresentar a produtores de bens e serviços algumas estratégias interessantes praticadas pelo mercado, de modo que se possa problematizar o eventual acerto ou até mesmo a possível adoção dessa estratégia. Outra finalidade do artigo está na própria apresentação de inúmeras situações – que mostram riqueza por parte de diversas companhias na forma de abordar o mercado e de buscarem o crescimento
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