192 research outputs found
Crown reductions for the Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover problem
No full textAbstractThe paper studies crown reductions for the Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover problem introduced recently in the unweighted case by Fellows et al. [Blow-Ups, Win/Win's and crown rules: some new directions in FPT, in: Proceedings of the 29th International Workshop on Graph Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (WG’03), Lecture notes in computer science, vol. 2880, 2003, pp. 1–12, Kernelization algorithms for the vertex cover problem: theory and experiments, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), New Orleans, Louisiana, January 2004, pp. 62–69]. We describe in detail a close relation of crown reductions to Nemhauser and Trotter reductions that are based on the linear programming relaxation of the problem. We introduce and study the so-called strong crown reductions, suitable for finding (or counting) all minimum vertex covers, or finding a minimum vertex cover under some additional constraints. It is described how crown decompositions and strong crown decompositions suitable for such problems can be computed in polynomial time. For weighted König-Egerváry graphs (G,w) we observe that the set of vertices belonging to all minimum vertex covers, and the set of vertices belonging to no minimum vertex covers, can be efficiently computed.Further, for some specific classes of graphs, simple algorithms for the MIN-VC problem with a constant approximation factor r<2 are provided. On the other hand, we conclude that for the regular graphs, or for the Hamiltonian connected graphs, the problem is as hard to approximate as for general graphs.It is demonstrated how the results about strong crown reductions can be used to achieve a linear size problem kernel for some related vertex cover problems
[[alternative]]Analyzing Ko Wen-je Phenomenon: Internet Questionnaire Survey before the 2018 Taipei City Mayor Election and 2020 Presidential Election
No full text[[abstract]] 自從2014年縣市長選舉，柯文哲挾著超高人氣當選台北市長以來，臺灣政壇掀起一陣所謂「白色」力量，標榜是在藍、綠兩大政團之外的第三選擇。然而，深究柯文哲就職以來，雖善於作秀宣傳但施政其實乏善可陳，政治立場的反覆與投機更引起非議，只是這些都還是無礙他在驚險中連任成功，並在後續可能投入的總統大選中支持度民調取得領先。如此的所謂「柯文哲現象」究竟是為什麼呢？本文主張，支持柯文哲的主要力量雖是厭惡所謂藍綠惡鬥的中間選民，但根本上仍是來自於藍綠之別，這藍綠不是指政黨的認同、也不是指統獨的政策，而是排斥、厭惡中國、中國人的反中族群認同，有別於草根式且對民進黨有情感的較年長反中世代，柯文哲的支持者主要是受教育灌輸與社會情境才產生反中態度的較年輕世代，而柯文哲及其團隊也正擅長運用年輕人的話語與社群媒體吸引這類年輕人的支持。對於此一推論，本文將透過網路問卷調查加以驗證。[[abstract]] Since 2014, when Wen-je Ko was elected as the mayor of Taipei City, He enjoyed a high degree of popularity. The so-called ＂white＂ power lead by Ko in Taiwans politics was said to be the third choice” beyond the blue and green,” the Kuomintang( KMT) and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). However, since the Ko's inauguration, he was good only at propaganda without any real achievement in city governance. Still, Ko was also wavering in ideology and ethnic identity that gathered much criticism. Nevertheless, all these weaknesses did not hinder his success in the 2018 re-election and the strong support from the public in the subsequent 2020 presidential election poll. Why did this so-called ＂Ko phenomenon＂ happen? This article argues that, although the main supporters of Ko are those who hate the so-called blue-green rivalry, they are still ideologists of this blue-green distinction. This distinction does not refer to the royalty of political parties, nor the policies toward the reunification of China or Taiwan independence. Rather, refuse to admit that Taiwanese are culturally Chinese, namely the anti-China ideology, is the core believe of Ko's supporters, which is essentially the same as the believe of those DPP supporters. The only difference between them is that, DPP's supporters are grassroots older generations who have sentiments towards the DPP, While Ko's supporters are younger generation educated to hate China and Chinese people. Ko and his staff are just expert to win support from these younger generations by using their words and social media. This article will verify this argument through an internet questionnaire survey
Augmenting social stories with differentiated instruction: a study of social skills acquisition in children with autism spectrum disorder
No full textSocial communication impairment is pervasive among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Social Story is well-known as a supplement to improving social behaviours. This requires a significant amount of human intervention to educate ASD children through engaging and relevant social stories on the acceptable social behaviours. Caretakers, however, cannot afford to give full individualised attention given the number of children under their care. This study augmented the animated social stories with differentiated instruction to overcome drawbacks of existing approaches. The evaluation results of this study suggest the proposed approach is effective in improving social skills of the participants
Geographical disparities and determinants of anaemia among women of reproductive age in Myanmar: analysis of the 2015-2016 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey
No full textAnaemia is a significant public heath challenge in Myanmar. In 2015-2016, the first demographic and health survey was done in Myanmar, and showed that almost half of all pregnant women and anaemia
Dengue haemorrhagic encephalitis: report of a child from Myanmar with bilateral thalamic involvement
No full textWin Kyawt Khin, Kyaw Linn, Aye Mya Min Aye, Chaw Su Hlaing, Aye Mu Sann, Hnin Wint Wint Aung, Myo Thiri Swe, Cho Thair , Yi Yi Mar, Nway Nway, Phyu Phyu Myint, Ei Hnin Kyu</p
Role of dopamine D2 receptors in optimizing choice strategy in a dynamic and uncertain environment
No full textIn order to investigate roles of dopamine receptor subtypes in reward-based learning, we examined choice behavior of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-knockout (D1R-KO and D2R-KO, respectively) mice in an instrumental learning task with progressively increasing reversal frequency and a dynamic two-armed bandit task. Performance of D2R-KO mice was progressively impaired in the former as the frequency of reversal increased and profoundly impaired in the latter even with prolonged training, whereas D1R-KO mice showed relatively minor performance deficits. Choice behavior in the dynamic two-armed bandit task was well explained by a hybrid model including win-stay-lose-switch and reinforcement learning terms. A model-based analysis revealed increased win-stay, but impaired value updating and decreased value-dependent action selection in D2R-KO mice, which were detrimental to maximizing rewards in the dynamic two-armed bandit task. These results suggest an important role of dopamine D2 receptors in learning from past choice outcomes for rapid adjustment of choice behavior in a dynamic and uncertain environment
Te Tuhirau i Rehu i Ringa: Translating Sacred and Sensitive Texts: An Indigenous Perspective
No full textThis thesis centers on translator cognition. Through a series of interviews and think-aloud protocols (Chapters 3 – 5), it explores the ways in which a sample of translators (both Māori and non-Māori) negotiate the complex issues involved in translating between a local, Indigenous language (Māori) and an international one (English) and, in particular, how they approach the definition and translation of texts that could be regarded as being ‘sacred’ and/or ‘sensitive’. In their definitions of ‘sacred’ texts and ‘sensitive’ texts, all of the participants exhibited a peculiarly postmodern positioning, focussing primarily on perspective rather than on any absolute concept of truth or reality. With the exception of the Māori participants’ traditional definition of, and approach to texts deemed to be ‘tapu’ (see Chapter 3), all of the participants expressed beliefs about the translation process which were largely structurally-orientated. They emphasized the importance of respecting the cultural context out of which texts emerged and of attempting, in translation, to reflect the meanings deemed to reside in the source texts by virtue of the intentions of their authors. As witnessed in their think-aloud protocols, however, when involved in the actual process of translation the translators did not always adhere to the views expressed in their interviews, with translation procedures ranging from one that was primarily modernist and structural in orientation (but also reflecting the careful attention to co-text and cohesion that is characteristic of much recent research on discourse analysis) to one that was primarily postmodern and post-structural in orientation, being highly personal, autonomous and individualistic.
In the absence of any clear agreement about translation theory in the literature on translation (see Chapter 2), and at a time when pre-modern, modern and postmodern positioning and structural and post-structural perspectives vie for acceptance, each of the participants in this research project appears to have found his or her own way of traversing the complex terrain of translation practice without necessarily being fully aware of the way in which the decisions they made positioned them theoretically. What this suggests is the need for a type of training that introduces novice translators in an explicit way to a variety of theories about human language and communication and the ways in which they can impinge upon translation practice, thus creating a context in which translators are able to make critically informed decisions about how they will proceed in any particular instance, why they will proceed in these ways, and what is required in order to ensure that their beliefs about translation are in accord with their actual practices. Critical awareness of these issues is likely to be particularly important in the case of those involved in translating between international languages such as English and more localized, Indigenous languages such as Māori, where discontinuity in the transmission of the language has occurred and where, therefore, texts that are deemed to be of particular significance would otherwise be unavailable to those for whom the texts form part of their cultural heritage
Differential expression of CB<sub>1</sub>R-5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R heteromers in the brain detected by heteromer signaling.
No full text<p>Slices from the hippocampus (A), caudate-putamen (B), cortex (C), and nucleus accumbens (D) of WT mice (white bars) and 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R KO mice (black bars) were preincubated or not with CB<sub>1</sub>R antagonist rimonabant (1 μM, RIM) or the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R antagonist MDL 100,907 (300 nM, MDL) for 20 min before the addition of the CB<sub>1</sub>R agonist WIN 55,212–2 (1 μM, WIN), the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>R agonist DOI (1 μM), or both for an additional incubation period of 10 min. ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was determined by western blot. Immunoreactive bands from three to seven slices obtained from ten WT or KO animals were quantified for each condition. Values represent mean ± SEM of the percentage of phosphorylation relative to basal levels found in untreated slices. No significant differences were obtained between the basal levels of the WT and the KO mice. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests showed a significant (* <i>p</i> < 0.05, ** <i>p</i> < 0.01, *** <i>p</i> < 0.001) effect over basal or of the antagonist plus agonist treatment over the agonist treatment (# <i>p</i> < 0.05, ## <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p
Structural Analysis of Mini Power Weeder Worm and Worm Gear with Three Different Materials
No full textThe main aim of this paper is to conduct the structural analysis of min power weeder worm and worm gear with three different materials. The objectives of this paper are to calculate the design of worm and worm gear, to draw the model of worm and worm gear by using AutoCAD 2019 software, to analyze the structural behavior of worm and worm gear by theoretical approach using von-Mises criteria and compare with numerical structural result using ANSYS 16.2 software, and to select the suitable material of worm and worm gear for good performance. A 2.5 hp engine power and 6000 rpm worm speed mini power weeder is used in this paper to do worm and worm gear bending stress analysis with material properties of phosphor bronze, aluminum bronze, and tin bronze material. For the phosphor bronze material, the lowest von-Mises stress and effective strain are obtained. Thus, phosphor bronze is found to be the suitable material for worm and worm gear
Synthesis and Characterization of LaMnO3Nanofibers by Electrospinning Techique
No full textThis paper aimed to prepare the synthesis of LaMnO3 nanofibers by electrospinning technique using a
solution that contained polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a sol-gel solution of LaMnO3. LaMnO3/PVA perovskite-type
nanofibers were obtained after annealed at 500°C, 600°C, 700°C and 800°C for 2h respectively. Thermal properties
of LaMnO3 samples were examined by TG-DTA. Phase formation and crystal structure of LaMnO3 nanopowders
were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). FESEM images revealed that LaMnO3 as-spun nanofibers on Al
foils were attracted to be between 60-120 nm in diameters with electrospinning set-up for 15 min. The crystal
structure, fiber diameters and morphology of LaMnO3 nanofibers were influenced by the calcination temperatures.
The qualifications of LaMnO3 nanofibers were successfully yielded by the electronspinning technique as final
products
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