3,189 research outputs found
Repository: Electrification of light-duty vehicle fleet alone will not meet mitigation targets
No full textThis repository contains the raw data of the inputs and results presented in the paper "Electrification of light-duty vehicle fleet alone will not meet mitigation targets" published in Nature Climate Change (2020) by Alexandre Milovanoff, I. Daniel Posen, and Heather L. MacLean (Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto)
La filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève
No full textThis article is a presentation of Alexandre Kojève’s philosophy of law, exposed in his Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). Little attention has been paid to this work. So there is a gap that has to be filled with a critical reflection of its strengths. Among them, undoubtedly, we count the fact that Kojève is introducing a conception of international justice that casts a singular light on current debates about cosmopolitanism and globalization. According to this author, citizenship is the key element of the process of global expansion of the juridical sphere. In sum, Kojève’s philosophy is useful to reflect upon the contrast between the juridical and the political, which is the basis for all philosophy of law, in order to achieve world peace and international justice.Este artículo es una presentación de la filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève contenida en su Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). La poca atención que dicha obra ha recibido es un vacío que debiera llenarse con una reflexión crítica de sus puntos fuertes. Entre ellos destaca una concepción de la justicia internacional que proyecta una luz muy singular sobre los actuales debates en torno a la globalización y el cosmopolitismo. A ojos de este autor, la ciudadanía es el elemento clave para aquilatar la expansión global de lo jurídico. En suma, Kojève aparece como un valioso referente en la labor de pensar la contraposición entre lo jurídico y lo político que está en la base de toda filosofía del derecho, con la aspiración al logro de la justicia internacional y la paz mundial en el horizonte
Reconfiguração do consensualismo contratual: as ações tituladas nominativas e os limites à transmissão
No full textPartimos da evolução histórica do consensualismo contratual salientando os
principais carateres que, nos diversos momentos históricos, se foram evidenciando.
Numa segunda etapa exploramos os fundamentos dogmáticos do modelo de
transmissão contratual assumido pelo legislador e a sua viabilidade no sistema
jurídico global, em particular, no direito dos valores mobiliários. Constatamos a
crescente necessidade na prática mercantil e inevitabilidade no sistema jurídico
global da admissibilidade da existência de contratos de compra e venda de natureza
meramente obrigacional. Num terceiro momento desenvolvemos os principais
aspetos do regime jurídico aplicável às ações tituladas nominativas fora do mercado
regulado, em particular, os principais limites à transmissão, enquanto instrumentos/barreiras ao consensualismo contratual.We start from the historical evolution of contractual consensualism emphasizing the
main aspects that, in different historical moments, were showing up. In a second
stage we explore the dogmatic foundations of the transmission model contractual
assumed by the legislator and its viability in the global legal system, in particular, in
securities law. We note the growing need in commercial practice and inevitability in
the global legal system the admissibility of the existence of contracts of sale purely
obligatory. In the third stage we develop the main aspects of the legal regime
applicable to nominative titled actions outside the regulated market, in particular,
the main limits to the transmission, as instruments / barriers to contractual
consensualism
“Era por Alexandre tod’esto demostrado”: ¿pruebas verídicas y pruebas engañosas en el Libro de Alexandre?
No full textEl Libro de Alexandre es un texto de s. XIII, que se escribió en la España medieval. En este escrito, el autor pretende demostrar que, en el Alexandre, algunas de las situaciones que se ponen a prueba son aceptadas, pero eso no significa que el macedonio gane la prueba. El articulo esta dividido en tres apartados. En el primero, el autor da cuenta de la historia textual de la obra y también dedica ciertas líneas al Estado de la cuestión del texto; mientras que, en la segunda parte, nos guía a conceptos etimológicos de los términos prueba, evidencia y demás. En el tercer apartado se centra en algunas pruebas expuestas en el Libro de Alexandre.The Libro de Alexandre is a literary work, written during the medieval Spain. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that, carefully reading the L.A, some of the situations that are set as proves are accepted, but it does not mean that Alexander can be a victor. This paper is divided in three sections: firstly, the author tells the textual history of the L.A and, then, tries to update the State of art: on the other hand, in the second part, the author offers meanings about terms as: prueba and evidencia. Finally, the author focuses on certain passages contained in the Libro de Alexandre that can be taken as failed proves
Mixing the Immiscible: Improvisation within Fixed-Media Composition
No full textThis paper will explore ways in which mastered improvisation practice, with the studio as an instrument, is a proposed avenue to bridge the historical dichotomy between what Ted Gioia describe as ‘the aesthetics of perfection’ and ‘the aesthetics of imperfection’. It is proposed as a way to re-embody fixed music, as experimented by the author through the composition of his last fixed-media work. This will be put in the context of a wider trend observed amongst the current emerging generation of composers interested in the aesthesics of the work, by opposition to the previous generations that placed the value of the work in its poietics. The vital and primal importance of practice outcome as practice-based research’s main document will also be advocated for, as these trends are happening in the laboratory of live music
Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Pathways for Light-duty Vehicle Fleets under Ambitious Climate Targets
Get PDFMitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from light-duty passenger vehicles (LDVs) will be necessary to maintain global warming below 2 °C, and ideally below 1.5 °C. In this dissertation, methods to estimate the life cycle GHG emission implications of LDV-focused mitigation strategies and to outline mitigation pathways under ambitious climate targets are developed at national and urban scales.
First, a fleet-based life cycle model, the FLAME (Fleet Life cycle Assessment and Material-flow Estimation) is developed to examine the life cycle GHG emission implications of mitigation strategies, such as lightweighting the U.S. LDV fleet or deploying mid-level ethanol blends (15-30% ethanol by volume) in Canada's LDV fleet. The model combines the high technological resolution of life cycle assessment (LCA) with the temporal and dynamic perspectives of LDV fleet models. Recommendations are provided on the most effective timing of the mitigation strategies, and on their contributions to national GHG emission reduction pledges.
Then, the FLAME model is augmented with a backcasting procedure to outline GHG emission mitigation pathways for LDV fleets to maintain global warming below 2 °C, and the electrification of the U.S. LDV fleet is used as a case study. The backcasting procedure relies on an innovative approach based on Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) to quantify national and sectoral GHG emission budgets.
Finally, the CURTAIL model (Climate change constrained URban passenger TrAnsport Integrated Life cycle assessment) is developed and applied in Singapore to integrate all passenger land transport modes at an urban level and to seek associated combinations of mitigation strategies that are consistent with maintaining global warming below 2 °C or 1.5 °C.
The methods developed in this dissertation bridge gaps between the refined perspectives of LCA and the global perspectives of IAMs to support the development of national and urban policies for LDVs to respect ambitious climate targets. The findings suggest that there is no technological silver-bullet, there is an urgency to act, and all mitigation efforts should be pursued.Ph.D
Optimisation environnementale de la gestion des consommations électriques en temps réel
Get PDFRÉSUMÉ: La production d'électricité a été responsable en 2013 de 42,5 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant des combustions d'énergies fossiles. Or, l'intégration d'une production moins carbonée tournée vers l'utilisation des énergies renouvelables intermittentes telles que le solaire et l'éolien demande une amélioration technique des réseaux électriques afin d'assurer stabilité, sécurité et efficacité de la distribution. Une des solutions les plus prometteuses pour assurer cette avancée repose sur l'utilisation des technologies d'information et de communication. À travers l'augmentation de la communication et du contrôle aux différents points du réseau, le consommateur devient acteur du marché d'électricité grâce à des programmes de gestion des consommations. Ces programmes se basent sur des principes de réduction et de décalage des consommations. Ils permettent d'augmenter la capacité d'adaptation du réseau en allégeant les demandes lorsque le niveau de production est élevé. Cependant la performance environnementale des programmes de gestion des consommations sur le court et le long terme reste à être démontrée. En effet, les indicateurs utilisés pour décider du décalage des consommations sont très majoritairement économiques et ne prennent pas en compte des aspects environnementaux. L'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) est une approche systémique qui évalue les impacts potentiels d'un service sur toutes les phases de son cycle de vie. Appliquée à la consommation d'électricité, l'ACV doit relever de nombreux défis comme celui de dissocier en temps réel les impacts de la production de ceux de la consommation lesquels sont aussi liés aux importations et exportations. D'autres défis concernent l'étude en temps réel des conséquences environnementales des technologies affectées par des variations de consommations. L'objectif de ce mémoire est de développer des indicateurs environnementaux utilisant l'approche cycle de vie qui permettent l'optimisation des consommations énergétiques et l'évaluation environnementale des programmes de gestion des consommations. L'étude de cas de ce mémoire est la France entre 2012 et 2015. Les indicateurs développés reposent sur deux approches d'analyse de cycle de vie des consommations électriques. La première approche, appelée attributionnelle, étudie à chaque instant les équilibres des réseaux en considérant les importations et les exportations afin d'établir des coefficients d'impacts révélateurs de la qualité de l'énergie consommée. Les impacts de la production d'électricité des pays principaux exportateurs à la France, soit la Grande – Bretagne, l'Allemagne, la Belgique, l'Italie et l'Espagne, sont considérés avec une résolution temporelle de 30 minutes. Ainsi entre 2012 et 2014, les émissions moyennes de l'énergie consommée en France ont été 21,8 % plus émettrices de GES que les émissions moyennes de l'énergie produite en France. Ces augmentations sont respectivement de l'ordre de 3,6 %, 4,3 % et 1,7 % pour les catégories d'impacts de la santé humaine, la qualité des écosystèmes ou l'utilisation des ressources. Les solutions des stratégies de gestion des consommations utilisant les indicateurs de l'approche attributionnelle réduisent les impacts environnementaux des consommations flexibles jusqu'à 38,5 % pour la catégorie changement climatique. De plus, les indicateurs basés sur les émissions de GES et les impacts sur la santé humaine offrent les solutions avec les meilleurs compromis d'optimisation sur les autres catégories d'impacts. Finalement, les solutions visant la réduction du prix de l'électricité achetée ne sont que 11 % du temps les mêmes que celles visant la réduction de l'empreinte carbone des consommations. Ainsi, l'optimisation environnementale va à l'encontre d'une optimisation économique de l'électricité consommée. Incorporer le prix carbone, qui représente le coût d'1 kg de CO2, au prix d'achat de l'électricité permet d'améliorer l'efficacité environnementale sur la catégorie changement climatique des solutions économiques. La deuxième approche d'analyse de cycle de vie utilisée dans cette étude est appelée conséquentielle. Elle étudie les conséquences environnementales de consommations supplémentaires sur le réseau électrique. L'approche est développée dynamiquement en étudiant les technologies affectées à très court terme par des variations de consommations. Deux modèles sont développés à partir de données globales. Le premier considère que l'ensemble des technologies de production contrôlables par l'opérateur du réseau sont les conséquences des variations des consommations. Le deuxième modèle suppose que certaines technologies de production sont des imprévus et ne peuvent être considérées comme des technologies affectées. Entre 2012 et 2014, en France, en Italie et en Espagne l'hydroélectricité est la technologie qui a le plus adapté sa production aux variations des consommations. Les programmes de gestion des consommations utilisant les indicateurs de l'approche conséquentielle permettent de réduire jusqu'à 98 % des émissions de GES associées aux technologies affectées par des consommations. Cependant, les deux modèles utilisant l'approche conséquentielle offrent des solutions différentes. Ceci montre que l'utilisation de l'approche conséquentielle dynamique au niveau global souffre d'un manque de considération des conséquences technologiques locales des consommations. Pour devenir performantes écologiquement, les stratégies de gestion des consommations doivent travailler avec les opérateurs des réseaux et intégrer les conséquences économiques et environnementales des stratégies sur le long terme. Ce travail met en exergue les rôles des approches conséquentielle et attributionnelle dans l'analyse de cycle de vie. Une approche couplant les conséquences à long terme de l'implémentation d'un programme utilisant des données dynamiques moyennées serait révélatrice des performances environnementales des programmes de gestion des consommations. ABSTRACT: Smart technologies such as smart metering provide new alternatives to mitigate the impacts of electricity generation. For instance, demand-side management (DSM) programs enhance the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources through changes in consumption patterns. However, changes are led by economic incentives and environmental benefits are not maximized. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a standardized methodology that aims to assess the environmental impacts of a product or a service over its entire life cycle. The primary objective of our project is to develop environmental indicators to assess the environmental benefits of DSM programs and to provide new alternatives of changes in consumption patterns. Two distinct approaches were used in order to develop the indicators. The first one, called attributional, aimed to assess the potential impacts of real-time electricity use in France including generation, imports and exports with a life cycle approach. The second approach, called consequential, aimed to assess the environmental consequences of electricity use through changes in the technologies producing the energy. Then, based on both approaches, we evaluated the environmental performances of simple DSM strategies using environmental and economic indicators based on historic and day-ahead data. The real-time LCA of electricity generation in France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium and Spain were conducted every 30 minutes between 2012 and 2014 in order to compute in France the real-time LCA of electricity consumption considering imports and exports. We found that the use of French generation impact factors compared to the use of French consumption impact factors underestimated on average by 21.8 %, 3.6 %, 4.3 % and 1.7 % the impacts of electricity consumption on the four environmental indicators: Climate Change, Human Health, Ecosystem Quality and Resources respectively. A use of 1 kWh was optimized every day between 2012 and 2014 based on the four environmental indicators previously developed and the price of the electricity. Each optimum scenario minimized every day the impacts or the price of the electricity use. We compared the five optimum scenarios with the help of the five indicators to five worst case scenarios. Each worst case scenario depicted the maximum of impacts or price achievable every day. The environmental indicator Climate Change had the widest range of mitigation compared to the worst case scenario, i.e. up to 38.5 %. If each environmental indicator was considered equally important, the optimizations based on the Climate Change and Human Health indicators offered the most effective solutions on all the environmental indicators. In addition, the optimization based on the price of the electricity was compared to the environmental optimization based on the Climate Change indicator. The environmental optimization cost 1.4 € per kg CO2 eq. saved for a mitigation of 12 % of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions compared to the economic optimization. If a carbon price of 100€ per tonne of CO2 was applied, the new economic optimization would cost 0.04 € per kg CO2 eq. saved for a mitigation of 2.5 % of the GHG emissions compared to the previous economic optimization. Finally, a day-ahead optimization model was developed based on forecasts of European generation factors. Despite uncertainties related to electricity generation and consumption, we achieved a mitigation of 27 % of GHG emissions compared to the worst case scenario with the use of a realistic optimization model a day-ahead. For the consequential approach, two different models were used in order to define the dynamic technologies affected by the consumption from global data. The first one considered that all the controllable technologies, i.e. all the technologies except those from intermittent sources, were affected by the consumption and the second considered that only the controllable technologies which fluctuated in the same direction than the global consumption were affected by the consumption. Between 2012 and 2014, in France, Italy and Spain, hydroelectric plants were the main affected technologies for the two models. The DSM programs based on the indicators using the consequential approach reduced up to 98 % the GHG emissions of the technologies affected by the consumption. However, the two models had different optimal solutions. Hence, the assumptions made on the global data affected the results of the model. The consequential approach suffered from a lack of local considerations. To become environmentally efficient, DMS programs need to work with system operators of electrical network in order to assess the real local consequences of changes in use patterns
Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660)
No full textBiografia do jesuíta francês Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionário na Cochinchina (Vietname) e no Tonquim. Autor do Dicionário Anamita-Português-Latim (1651), Rhodes foi uma figura central no choque de interesses entre o Padroado Português e as ambições diplomáticas e políticas da França na Indochina e na China.Biography of the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionary in Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Tonkin. Author of the Anamita-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary (1651), Rhodes was a central figure in the clash of interests between the Portuguese Padroado and France's diplomatic and political ambitions in Indochina and China.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
La Clerecía de "Alexandre"
Get PDFEl artículo reflexiona sobre la educación que recibe Alexandre “El grande” a manos de su profesor Aristóteles, retratado en el “Libro de Alexandre”; a continuación analiza las disciplinas que compusieron dicho programa con el interés de proponer una interpretación de la lista de las siete artes liberales mencionadas. Este artículo ofrece una visión de las diferentes maneras en las que los textos reflejan la “clerecía” del protagonista así como de otros personajes, incluyendo el anónimo autor de los mismos. Cualquiera que se dedique a las mencionadas artes liberales será glorificado y Alexandre se presenta él mismo como modelo ideal de un príncipe en quien la nobleza y al inteligencia van unidas, una defensa clara de la “clerecía” como fuente fundamental de toda excelencia. This article deals with the education imparted on Alexander the Great by Aristotles, as portrayed in the “Libro de Alexandre”, analyzes the disciplines and proposes an interpretation of the list of the seven liberal arts mentioned therein. This article also offers an encompassing view of the different ways in which the text reflects the “clerecía2 of the protagonist as well as that of the other characters, including the anonymous author himself. Anyone who dedicates him or herself to the aforementioned liberal arts is thereby glorified, and Alexander presents himself as the ideal model of a prince in whom nobility and cleverness are joined, in a clear defense of the “clerecía” as the fundamental source of all excellence
The monarchy of Portugal in Alexandre Herculano's work
No full textA pesquisa A Monarquia Portuguesa na Obra de Alexandre Herculano analisa a construção do modelo ideal de monarca por Alexandre Herculano, com especial ênfase na produção histórica em que os monarcas portugueses foram retratados com maior riqueza de detalhes e analisados de forma mais criteriosa. A pesquisa se dá a partir da conjuntura histórica portuguesa marcada pelo estabelecimento do Estado Liberal e pelos debates entre os diferentes grupos políticos em que a participação dos intelectuais é um ponto relevante. No tocante a Alexandre Herculano, o envolvimento do autor em diversas polêmicas e articulações políticas é uma evidência da importância e da atuação da intelligentsia na sociedade portuguesa do século XIX. Ao lado da conjuntura histórica na qual a obra de Herculano foi produzida, o universo conceitual forjado pelo autor com fundamento nos pressupostos teóricos e políticos também foi contemplado, pois o modelo de monarca construído pelo autor foi elaborado a partir deste universo conceitual que, conforme os pressupostos teóricos empregados nesta pesquisa atuam e interferem nos debates contemporâneos à obra.The research The Portuguese Monarchy in Alexandre Herculanos work analyses the building of the monarchs ideal model (by Alexandre Herculano) especially focusing on the historical production on which the Portuguese monarchs were detailedly portrayed and discerningly analysed. Considering the Portuguese historical conjuncture marked not only by the establishment of the Liberal State but also by the debates among the different political groups in which the intellectuals partaking is relevant. Concerning Alexandre Herculano, the authors involvement in several debates and political articulations is an evidence of the intelligentsias outstanding role in the Portuguese society of the nineteenth century. Along with the historical context in which Herculanos work was produced, the conceptual universe created by the author reasoned on theoretical and political assumptions was also considered because the monarchs model built by the author was created from this universe of concepts that, according to the theoretical assumptions used in this research, act and expand their sphere of influence towards the contemporary debates to his work
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