1,720,959 research outputs found
Organ Transplantation in Russia : An Anthropological Perspective
No full textThis article offers an anthropological perspective on organ transplantation in Russia. The author employs approaches and principles of medical anthropology and ontological turn in anthropology and attempts to present a novel human-object history of organ transplantation. This research focuses primarily on human collectives, such as medical communities and the rest of society, but also on certain objects, including donor organs and the infrastructure created by the technology. The article discusses the following questions: How does transplantation technology transform the medical community? How is it built into the social and cultural context? How is it perceived by the rest of society? How do some doctors try to adapt this technology to the traditional values of Russian society? This research was conducted at two large Russian organ transplantation centers. The analyzed materials include anthropological and medical publications, and mass media sources.Cet article offre une perspective anthropologique sur la transplantation d’organes en Russie. L’auteur emploie les approches et les principes de l’anthropologie médicale et du tournant ontologique en anthropologie, et tente de présenter une histoire inédite de la transplantation d’organes entre l’homme et l’objet. Cette recherche se concentre principalement sur les collectifs humains, tels que les communautés médicales et le reste de la société, mais aussi sur certains objets, notamment les donneurs d’organes et l’infrastructure créée par la technologie. L’article aborde les questions suivantes : Comment la technologie de transplantation transforme-t-elle la communauté médicale ? Comment s’intègre-t-elle dans le contexte social et culturel ? Comment est-elle perçue par le reste de la société ? Comment certains médecins tentent-ils d’adapter cette technologie aux valeurs traditionnelles de la société russe ? Cette recherche a été menée dans deux grands centres russes de transplantation d’organes. Les documents analysés comprennent des publications anthropologiques et médicales, ainsi que des sources médiatiques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Data, principles and strategies: How do global control mechanisms on the HIV epidemic work?
No full textThe article discusses the activities of two United Nations bodies — the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) — which are engaged in developing measures to counteract the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. An important component of this activity is gathering information and producing strategic documents. Their almost unclassifiable diversity, however, can be managed by a rigorous algorithm that incorporates data collec-tion, formulation of principles and development of strategies. An analysis of materials such as “reports,” “fact sheets,” and “global strategies” reveals how the main global mechanisms work as they coordinate the efforts of national governments and attempt to control the epidemic globally; analysis also indicates what kind of language is used and what goals are set. In 2020 the ambitious goal of eliminating the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030 that is declared in WHO and UNAIDS documents unexpectedly became problematic once more due to the spread of another global epidemic — COVID-19. The publication of new materials on how to continue the fight against HIV/AIDS in the context of the coronavirus pandemic suggests that WHO and UNAIDS are already losing faith in the effectiveness of the measures so far developed in order to eliminate HIV/AIDS. The ongoing crisis caused by the COVID pandemic has also revealed a new trend by converting these UN bodies mostly into tools for producing global information while making other aspects of their activities less visible
Bipolar disorder: An epidemic or a consequence of the medicalization of society?
No full textSocial sciences today are very sensitive to public health problems, a fact which leads to the
emergence of new research areas and discussions about new varieties of social problems. In
this article, the author engages with the phenomenon of bipolar disorder, which the modern
medical community estimates as another epidemic that requires special attention and resources.
The rapid spread of this epidemic allows social scientists to question the nature and social
factors that contribute to the rapid growth in the number of bipolar patients. Ideas about the
reality of the epidemic are combined with the notion that it may be socially constructed by
changes in the language of medical knowledge, as well as new strategies in medical practice and total pharmacologization of medical aid. The emergence of this epidemic also reflects the
continuing medicalization of society. Agents of medicalization are not only doctors, but pharmaceutical
corporations, the PR companies they cooperate with, and the patients themselves,
seeking solutions to their personal problems with the help of psychotropic drugs. We can also
consider patient experience and patient policy by which people adopt the illness and try to
give a public meaning to the experience. Bipolar disorder can also be considered as a product
of the culture of developed industrial society, which gives rise to the demand for an invariably
energetic creative worker, because in connection with the computerization and robotization
of monotonous manual labor, the mass need for a disciplined worker and office employee has
almost disappeared.Публикация подготовлена в рамках поддержанного РГНФ научного проекта «Индивидуальный опыт болезни и страдания в контексте социокультурных трансформаций: философские проблемы медико-антропологических исследований» (№ 15-03-00348)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
