32 research outputs found
Study on the antiepyleptic activity of the new amide derivative of valproic acid and 1,3,4-thiadiazole
No full textAim – experimental evaluation of the antiepileptic activity of a new amide derivative of valproic acid and 1,3,4-thiadiazole.Materials and Methods: The antiepileptic activity of valprazolamide (N- (5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) -2-propylpentanamide) was tested in mice using the model of maximal electroshock and also the antagonism model with pentylenetetrazole. Neurotoxicity was assessed with the rotating rod test and the probit analysis. The therapeutic and protective index and the ED50 values were calculated for each experimental model of epilepsy.Results: The ED50 values of valprazolamide (intraperitoneally) in mice with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole or maximal electroshock were 74.5 (46.8-106.4) mg/kg or 138.4 (97.2-197.2) mg/kg, respectively.Conclusion: The new amide derivative of valproic acid and 1,3,4-thiadiazole (valprazolamide) has an antiepileptic activity.The author declares no financial support or conflict of interest with respect to this publication
Apodemus peninsulae
No full textApodemus peninsulae (Thomas, 1907). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1906:862 [1907]. TYPE LOCALITY: Korea, 110 m SE of Seoul, Mingyoung. DISTRIBUTION: SE Siberia from NE China (Xinjiang) and Altai Mtns to Ussuri, south through NE China and Korea, and E Mongolia to SW China (Sichuan and E Xizang); also on N Japanese islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido. SYNONYMS: giliacus, major, majusculus, nigritalus, praetor, qinghaiensis, rufulus, sowerbyi. COMMENTS: Subgenus Alsomys. The Chinese qinghaiensis was described as a subspecies (Feng et al., 1983). Results of B-chromosomal analyses and references to chromosomal studies of A. peninsulae provided by Kolomiets et al. (1988) and Borisov and Malygin (1991). Biochemical systematics in reference to A. speciosus and the Hokkaido giliacus reported by Saitoh et al. (1989), who also reviewed the contrasting treatment of giliacus as either a subspecies of A. peninsulae or a separate species, and its bigeographical implications. Corbet (1978c) listed nigritalus as a synonym of A. sylvaticus, but the holotype is A. peninsulae (also see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987:221). A. peninsulae nigritalus is sympatric with the smaller-bodied A. uralensis tscherga in the Altai region, which Hollister had noted (but under different names) in 1913b (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:567). Placed in subgenus Apodemus by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Mezhzherin and Zykov (1991).Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 572, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.735309
Microtus limnophilus Buchner 1889
No full text<p> <i>Microtus limnophilus</i> Büchner, 1889. Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent.-Asien. Reis. Zool., I:(Saugeth.), p. 110.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: China, Qinghai.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: From Qinghai Prov. to W Mongolia.</p> <p> COMMENTS: Subgenus <i>Pallasiinus, oeconomus</i> species group <i>sensu</i> Zagorodnyuk (1990). Formerly included in <i>M. oeconomus</i> but separated as a species parapatric with <i>M. oeconomus</i> in W Mongolia (Malygin et al., 1990, and references therein).</p>Published as part of <i>Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press</i> on page 523, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7353098">10.5281/zenodo.7353098</a>
Microtus transcaspicus Satunin 1905
No full text<p> <i>Microtus transcaspicus</i> Satunin, 1905. Izv. Kavkas. Mus., 2:57.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Turkmenistan, Kopet Dag Mtns, Chuli Valley, near Ashkhabad.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: S Turkmenistan, N Afghanistan, and N Iran.</p> <p> SYNONYMS: <i>khorkoutensis.</i></p> <p> COMMENTS: Subgenus <i>Microtus, arvalis</i> species group <i>sensu</i> Zagorodnyuk (1990). Taxonomy reviewed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Corbet (1978c), Malygin (1978), Meier et al. (1981), and Meier (1983).</p>Published as part of <i>Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press</i> on page 531, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7353098">10.5281/zenodo.7353098</a>
Cricetulus barabensis
No full text<p> <i>Cricetulus barabensis</i> (Pallas, 1773). Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs., 2:704.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, W Siberia, banks of River Ob.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Steppes of S Siberia from River Irtysh to Ussuri region, and south to Mongolia, N China (Xinjiang through Nei Mongol), and Korea.</p> <p> SYNONYMS: <i>ferrugineus, fumatus, furunculus, griseus</i> (Milne-Edwards, 1867, not Kashkarov, 1923), <i>manchuricus, mongolicus, obscurus, pseudogriseus, tuvinicus, xinganensis.</i></p> <p> COMMENTS: Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) listed <i>pseudogriseus</i> as a species, and Corbet and Hill (1991) treated it and <i>griseus</i> as species. However, these were originally diagnosed by chromosomal traits, and in a study that included C. <i>barabensis,</i> Krâl et al. (1984) found it difficult to karyotypically characterize the three species because of the extensive homology among chromosome arms. Our treatment reflects that of Corbet (1978c), who discussed the problem and included <i>pseudogriseus</i> and <i>griseus</i> in C. <i>barabensis. See</i> Malygin et al. (1992) for an opposite treatment.</p>Published as part of <i>Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press</i> on page 537, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7353098">10.5281/zenodo.7353098</a>
Low-Frequency Magnetic Scanning Device and Algorithm for Determining the Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Fractions of Moving Metallurgical Raw Materials
No full textThe development of an algorithm to automate the process of measuring the magnetic properties of macroscopic objects in motion is an important problem in various industries, especially in ferrous metallurgy and at factories where ferrous scrap is a strategic raw material. The parameter that requires work control is the hidden mass fraction of a non-magnetic substance that is present in the ferromagnetic raw material. The solution to this problem has no prototypes. In our work, a simple measuring device and a mathematical algorithm for calculating the mass fraction of the non-magnetic fraction in a strongly magnetic matrix were developed. The device is an inductance coil, in which the angle of the electromagnet losses is related to the mass of the magnetic material moving the coil. The magnitude of the instantaneous values of the lost angle integral was compared with the result of weighing the object on scales. This allowed us to calculate the proportion of the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions. The use of this prototype is herein illustrated. The experimental results of the determination of the magnetic-fractional composition depending on the mass of scrap metal and its bulk and the magnetic characteristics are presented
Comparison of Fatal or Irreversible Events With Extended-Duration Betrixaban Versus Standard Dose Enoxaparin in Acutely III Medical Patients: An APEX Trial Substudy
No full textBACKGROUND: Extended-duration betrixaban showed a significant reduction in venous thromboembolism in the APEX trial (Acute Medically Ill VTE Prevention With Extended Duration Betrixaban Study). Given the variable clinical impact of different efficacy and safety events, one approach to assess net clinical outcomes is to include only those events that are either fatal or cause irreversible harm. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a post hoc analysis of the APEX trial-a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing extended-duration betrixaban versus standard-of-care enoxaparin. A composite of all fatal or irreversible safety (fatal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage) and efficacy events (cardiopulmonary death, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and ischemic stroke) was evaluated in a time-to-first event analysis. In patients with positive D-dimer results, betrixaban reduced fatal or irreversible events at 35 to 42 days (4.80% versus 3.54%; hazard ratio, 0.73; absolute risk reduction, 1.26%; number needed to treat, 79 [P=0.033]) and at study end at 77 days (6.27% versus 4.36%; hazard ratio, 0.70; absolute risk reduction, 1.91%; number needed to treat, 52 [P=0.005]) versus enoxaparin. In all patients, betrixaban reduced fatal or irreversible events at 35 to 42 days (4.08% versus 2.90%; hazard ratio, 0.71; absolute risk reduction, 1.18%; number needed to treat, 86 [P=0.006]) and 77 days (5.17% versus 3.64%; hazard ratio, 0.70; absolute risk reduction, 1.53%; number needed to treat, 65 [P=0.002]). CONCLUSIONS: Among hospitalized medically ill patients, extended-duration betrixaban demonstrated an ≈30% reduction in fatal or irreversible ischemic or bleeding events compared with standard-duration enoxaparin. A total of 65 patients would require treatment with betrixaban to prevent 1 fatal or irreversible event versus enoxaparin. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01583218.sponsorship: The study was funded by Portola Pharmaceuticals; APEX ClinicalTrials gov number NCT01583218. The corresponding author had full access to all of the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The authors wrote all drafts of the article and take responsibility for its content. The sponsors had the opportunity to review and comment on this article but had no editorial authority. (Portola Pharmaceuticals, APEX ClinicalTrials|NCT01583218)status: Publishe
On the early history of atomic layer deposition: most significant works and applications
No full textAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique that has been instrumental in enabling the
semiconductor industry to maintain its adherence to Moore’s Law, and is becoming a gamechanger
in several other fields. A worldwide voluntary effort called “Virtual Project on the
History of ALD” (VPHA), open for everyone with an ALD background to participate, was
launched in summer 2013 to explore how the ALD concept was developed; which were the
first ALD experiments; when, where, why and by whom they were made. Earlier VPHA
outcomes were published at ALD 2014 (accessed through VPHA’s website http://vphald.com);
VPHA has made steady progress since then. Here we will present a conclusive
recommended reading list of the most significant early ALD publications and briefly review the
most important individual works and applications.
Acknowledgements: We are grateful for Dr. Tuomo Suntola’s general support during the
VPHA and for Dr. Aziz Abdulagatov’s and Annina Titoff’s assistance in initiating it. The VPHA
would not have been possible without the recent advances in professional social networking
and cloud computing. RLP acknowledges partial funding from the Finnish Centre of
Excellence in Atomic Layer Deposition. The author list is intentionally in alphabetical order
Review Article: Recommended reading list of early publications on atomic layer deposition—Outcome of the “Virtual Project on the History of ALD”
No full textAtomic layer deposition (ALD), a gas-phase thin film deposition technique based on repeated,
self-terminating gas–solid reactions, has become the method of choice in semiconductor
manufacturing and many other technological areas for depositing thin conformal inorganic material
layers for various applications. ALD has been discovered and developed independently, at
least twice, under different names: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and molecular layering. ALE, dating
back to 1974 in Finland, has been commonly known as the origin of ALD, while work done
since the 1960s in the Soviet Union under the name “molecular layering” (and sometimes other
names) has remained much less known. The virtual project on the history of ALD (VPHA) is a
volunteer-based effort with open participation, set up to make the early days of ALD more transparent.
In VPHA, started in July 2013, the target is to list, read and comment on all early ALD
academic and patent literature up to 1986. VPHA has resulted in two essays and several presentations
at international conferences. This paper, based on a poster presentation at the 16th
International Conference on Atomic Layer Deposition in Dublin, Ireland, 2016, presents a recommended
reading list of early ALD publications, created collectively by the VPHA participants
through voting. The list contains 22 publications from Finland, Japan, Soviet Union, United
Kingdom, and United States. Up to now, a balanced overview regarding the early history of ALD
has been missing; the current list is an attempt to remedy this deficiency.peerReviewe
Longitudinal Beam Dynamics and Coherent Synchrotron Radiation at cSTART
No full textThe compact STorage ring for Accelerator Research and Technology (cSTART) project aims to store electron bunches of LWFA-like beams in a very large momentum acceptance storage ring. The project will be realized at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Germany). Initially, the Ferninfrarot Linac- Und Test-Experiment (FLUTE), a source of ultra-short bunches, will serve as an injector for cSTART to benchmark and emulate laser-wakefield accelerator-like beams. In a second stage a laser-plasma accelerator will be used as an injector, which is being developed as part of the ATHENA project in collaboration with DESY and Helmholtz Institute Jena (HIJ). With an energy of 50 MeV and damping times of several seconds, the electron beam does not reach equilibrium emittance. Furthermore, the critical frequency of synchrotron radiation is 53 THz and in the same order as the bunch spectrum, which implies that the entire bunch radiates coherently. We perform longitudinal particle tracking simulations to investigate the evolution of the bunch length and spectrum as well as the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation. Finally, different options for the RF system are discussed
