13 research outputs found
Dieudonné Ouédraogo et Victor Piché (sous la direction de) avec la collaboration de Stéphanie Dos Santos, 2007. Dynamique migratoire, insertion urbaine et environnement au Burkina Faso. Au-delà de la houe. L’Harmattan Burkina Faso/Presses universitaires de Ouagadougou/Paris, L’Harmattan, 328 p.
No full textRelation entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents au Burkina Faso
No full textLa thèse porte sur la relation entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents vivant dans un contexte de socialisation. L’environnement familial est mesuré par le type de famille de résidence, le type d’union du chef de ménage, la survie des parents, la cohabitation avec les grands-parents et le nombre de personnes de moins de 20 ans par adulte dans le ménage. Le comportement sexuel est opérationnalisé par l’entrée en sexualité prémaritale, l’utilisation du condom au premier rapport sexuel, le nombre de partenaires sexuels, le recours au partenaire sexuel occasionnel et l’utilisation systématique du condom au cours des douze derniers mois. Les données proviennent d’enquêtes transversales. Elles ont servi à établir des associations entre les indicateurs des deux concepts. Les résultats sont présentés dans trois articles (Chapitres III à V).
Une analyse descriptive de l’environnement familial au Burkina Faso montre qu’une majorité des enfants de 0 à 14 ans (78,4% en 1993 et 77,6% en 2003) et des adolescents de 12 à 19 ans (61,1% en 2004) vit auprès des deux parents, en union monogame ou polygame. Cependant, certains enfants et adolescents résident avec les parents dans des ménages dirigés par d’autres personnes. Le décès des parents (7,7% en 1993 et 7,3% en 2003 pour les enfants; 16,5% en 2004 pour les adolescents), la pratique du confiage (10,4% en 1993 et 8,9% en 2003 pour les enfants; 26,9% en 2004 pour les adolescents) et la monoparentalité (11,2% en 1993 et 13,6% en 2003 pour les enfants; 12% en 2004 pour les adolescents) affectent amplement l’environnement familial. C’est dans l’adolescence que les individus sont plus nombreux à être privés de la présence des deux parents.
Il existe une association statistique significative entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents du Burkina Faso. Cette relation varie en fonction de l’indicateur de comportement à l’étude et du sexe des adolescents ciblés. Par exemple, l’absence des deux parents dans le ménage n’est pas systématiquement associée au comportement sexuel à risque.
S’agissant des indicateurs de comportement sexuel, l’âge au premier rapport sexuel est associé significativement aux autres indicateurs des garçons et des filles. Une entrée précoce en sexualité (avant 14 ans) est associée à une plus grande probabilité d’adoption de comportement sexuel à risque. Toutefois, elle est moins susceptible d’être associée au recours à plusieurs partenaires sexuels.
Les résultats ont conduit à des recommandations pour les politiques et les programmes de santé sexuelle et reproductive. Au Burkina Faso, la priorité des futures actions devrait viser la sensibilisation des parents, des tuteurs et des adultes du ménage pour l’éducation, le soutien et le suivi de tous les adolescents, sans exception de sexe et de statut dans la sexualité. Les institutions extrafamiliales, comme l’école, devraient être mises à contribution pour appuyer l’effort des membres de la famille. Une stratégie combinée de promotion du report de l’entrée en sexualité et de l’éducation sexuelle pourrait être un moyen plus sûr et plus sécuritaire pour protéger la santé dans l’adolescence.The objective of this thesis is to examine the relation between family environment and sexual behavior of adolescents within the context of socialization. The family environment is measured by type of family, union status of the household head, parents’ survival, cohabitation with grandparents and the ratio of people aged less than 20 years to adults in the household. Sexual behavior is captured by the existence and timing of premarital first sexual intercourse, use of condom at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a casual sexual partner and systematic use of condom during the last twelve months. Data come from cross-sectional surveys. The findings are presented in three articles (Chapters III to V).
A descriptive analysis of family environment in Burkina Faso shows that the large majority of children aged from 0 to 14 years (78.4% in 1993 and 77.6% in 2003) and of adolescents aged from 12 to 19 years (61.1% in 2004) live with both parents who are in either monogamous or polygamous unions. However, some of these children and adolescents also live with parents in households headed by other people. The death of parents (7.7% in 1993 and 7.3% in 2003 for children; 16.5% in 2004 for adolescents), child fostering (10.4% in 1993 and 8.9% in 2003 for children; 26.9% in 2004 for adolescents) and single parenthood (11.2% in 1993 and 13.6% in 2003 for children; 12% in 2004 for adolescents) can affect the nature and quality of the family environment, and the risk for being deprived of the presence of both parents increases during adolescence.
There exists a significant statistical association between variables capturing aspects of the family environment and adolescents’ sexual behavior in Burkina Faso. This relation varies according to the specific sexual behavior under study as well as by the adolescents’ gender. For example, we find that the absence of both parents in the household is not systematically associated with more risky sexual behavior.
Age at first sexual intercourse is significantly associated with others indicators of sexual behavior of boys and of girls. An early first sexual intercourse (before 14 years) is associated with a greater likelihood of several subsequent more risky sexual behaviors. However, it is less likely to be associated with more sexual partners.
The findings lead to recommendations for sexual and reproductive health policies and programs. In Burkina Faso, the priority of future actions should aim at raising of parents’ and guardians’ awareness for the education, support and monitoring of all adolescents, notwithstanding their gender and sexual status. Extra-familial social institutions, such as school, should contribute to support parents’, guardians’ and family members’ effort. A combined strategy of postponing first sexual intercourse and improving sexual education could contribute to protecting sexual and reproductive health in adolescence
Relation entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents au Burkina Faso
No full textLa thèse porte sur la relation entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents vivant dans un contexte de socialisation. L’environnement familial est mesuré par le type de famille de résidence, le type d’union du chef de ménage, la survie des parents, la cohabitation avec les grands-parents et le nombre de personnes de moins de 20 ans par adulte dans le ménage. Le comportement sexuel est opérationnalisé par l’entrée en sexualité prémaritale, l’utilisation du condom au premier rapport sexuel, le nombre de partenaires sexuels, le recours au partenaire sexuel occasionnel et l’utilisation systématique du condom au cours des douze derniers mois. Les données proviennent d’enquêtes transversales. Elles ont servi à établir des associations entre les indicateurs des deux concepts. Les résultats sont présentés dans trois articles (Chapitres III à V).
Une analyse descriptive de l’environnement familial au Burkina Faso montre qu’une majorité des enfants de 0 à 14 ans (78,4% en 1993 et 77,6% en 2003) et des adolescents de 12 à 19 ans (61,1% en 2004) vit auprès des deux parents, en union monogame ou polygame. Cependant, certains enfants et adolescents résident avec les parents dans des ménages dirigés par d’autres personnes. Le décès des parents (7,7% en 1993 et 7,3% en 2003 pour les enfants; 16,5% en 2004 pour les adolescents), la pratique du confiage (10,4% en 1993 et 8,9% en 2003 pour les enfants; 26,9% en 2004 pour les adolescents) et la monoparentalité (11,2% en 1993 et 13,6% en 2003 pour les enfants; 12% en 2004 pour les adolescents) affectent amplement l’environnement familial. C’est dans l’adolescence que les individus sont plus nombreux à être privés de la présence des deux parents.
Il existe une association statistique significative entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents du Burkina Faso. Cette relation varie en fonction de l’indicateur de comportement à l’étude et du sexe des adolescents ciblés. Par exemple, l’absence des deux parents dans le ménage n’est pas systématiquement associée au comportement sexuel à risque.
S’agissant des indicateurs de comportement sexuel, l’âge au premier rapport sexuel est associé significativement aux autres indicateurs des garçons et des filles. Une entrée précoce en sexualité (avant 14 ans) est associée à une plus grande probabilité d’adoption de comportement sexuel à risque. Toutefois, elle est moins susceptible d’être associée au recours à plusieurs partenaires sexuels.
Les résultats ont conduit à des recommandations pour les politiques et les programmes de santé sexuelle et reproductive. Au Burkina Faso, la priorité des futures actions devrait viser la sensibilisation des parents, des tuteurs et des adultes du ménage pour l’éducation, le soutien et le suivi de tous les adolescents, sans exception de sexe et de statut dans la sexualité. Les institutions extrafamiliales, comme l’école, devraient être mises à contribution pour appuyer l’effort des membres de la famille. Une stratégie combinée de promotion du report de l’entrée en sexualité et de l’éducation sexuelle pourrait être un moyen plus sûr et plus sécuritaire pour protéger la santé dans l’adolescence.The objective of this thesis is to examine the relation between family environment and sexual behavior of adolescents within the context of socialization. The family environment is measured by type of family, union status of the household head, parents’ survival, cohabitation with grandparents and the ratio of people aged less than 20 years to adults in the household. Sexual behavior is captured by the existence and timing of premarital first sexual intercourse, use of condom at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a casual sexual partner and systematic use of condom during the last twelve months. Data come from cross-sectional surveys. The findings are presented in three articles (Chapters III to V).
A descriptive analysis of family environment in Burkina Faso shows that the large majority of children aged from 0 to 14 years (78.4% in 1993 and 77.6% in 2003) and of adolescents aged from 12 to 19 years (61.1% in 2004) live with both parents who are in either monogamous or polygamous unions. However, some of these children and adolescents also live with parents in households headed by other people. The death of parents (7.7% in 1993 and 7.3% in 2003 for children; 16.5% in 2004 for adolescents), child fostering (10.4% in 1993 and 8.9% in 2003 for children; 26.9% in 2004 for adolescents) and single parenthood (11.2% in 1993 and 13.6% in 2003 for children; 12% in 2004 for adolescents) can affect the nature and quality of the family environment, and the risk for being deprived of the presence of both parents increases during adolescence.
There exists a significant statistical association between variables capturing aspects of the family environment and adolescents’ sexual behavior in Burkina Faso. This relation varies according to the specific sexual behavior under study as well as by the adolescents’ gender. For example, we find that the absence of both parents in the household is not systematically associated with more risky sexual behavior.
Age at first sexual intercourse is significantly associated with others indicators of sexual behavior of boys and of girls. An early first sexual intercourse (before 14 years) is associated with a greater likelihood of several subsequent more risky sexual behaviors. However, it is less likely to be associated with more sexual partners.
The findings lead to recommendations for sexual and reproductive health policies and programs. In Burkina Faso, the priority of future actions should aim at raising of parents’ and guardians’ awareness for the education, support and monitoring of all adolescents, notwithstanding their gender and sexual status. Extra-familial social institutions, such as school, should contribute to support parents’, guardians’ and family members’ effort. A combined strategy of postponing first sexual intercourse and improving sexual education could contribute to protecting sexual and reproductive health in adolescence
Association between Age at First Sexual Relation and Some Indicators of Sexual Behaviour among Adolescents
No full textThis study explores the relationship between age at first sexual
intercourse and four indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescents
aged 14 to 19 years in Burkina Faso, Malawi and Uganda. Analyses are
conducted using data from National Surveys of Adolescents, organized in
2004. Multivariate analyses are performed using dichotomous logistic
regression and ordered polychotomic logistic regression. Analyses show
that initiation of sexual activity before age 14 is more likely to be
associated with having a casual sex partner. It is less likely to be
associated with condom use at first sexual relation or with systematic
condom use in the past 12 months. These associations vary depending on
adolescents' country and gender. Delaying onset of sexuality could be a
surer and safer way to protect health during adolescence. However,
sexual and reproductive health programs that advocate abstinence only
are likely to have few positive effects on young people. To better
implement this strategy, sexual education for adolescents should be
integrated (Afr J Reprod Health 2012 (Special Edition); 16[2]:
173-188).L'étude explore la relation entre l'âge au premier rapport
sexuel et quatre indicateurs de comportement sexuel chez les
adolescents de 14 à 19 ans au Burkina Faso, au Mali et en Ouganda.
Les données proviennent des Enquêtes Nationales sur les
Adolescents menées en 2004. Des analyses multi variées ont
été faites à l'aide des régressions logistiques
dichotomiques et polychotomique ordonnées. Ces analyses
révèlent qu'une entrée en sexualité avant 14 ans
est plus susceptible d'être associée au recours à un
partenaire sexuel occasionnel ; elle est moins susceptible d'être
associée à l'utilisation du préservatif au premier
rapport sexuel ou à son utilisation systématique au cours des
douze derniers mois. Ces associations varient selon les pays et le sexe
des adolescents. Le report de l'entrée en sexualité pourrait
être un moyen plus sûr et plus sauf pour protéger la
santé dans l'adolescence. Pourtant, des programmes de santé
sexuelle et de reproduction produiront de meilleurs effets s'ils
allient la promotion de l'abstinence sexuelle et celle de
l'éducation sexuelle (Afr J Reprod Health 2012 (Special Edition);
16[2]: 173-188)
Environnement familial au Burkina Faso : typologie et cohabitation parents-enfants
No full textCette étude décrit l’environnement familial desenfants et des adolescents du Burkina Faso au moyen des donnéesdes Enquêtes démographiques et de santé (EDS) de1993 et de 2003 et de l’Enquête nationale sur lesadolescents de 2004 et elle explore la relation entre la cohabitationparentale et les caractéristiques du chef de ménage, duménage et des enfants ou des adolescents ainsi que lascolarisation de ces derniers. Les résultats montrent que lamajorité des enfants (78,4 % en 1993 et 77,6 % en2003) et des adolescents (61,1 % en 2004) vit auprès de sesdeux parents, en union monogame ou polygame. La proportion des enfantset des adolescents orphelins, qu’ils soient confiés oucohabitant avec un seul parent, est non négligeable. C’estdans l’adolescence que la cohabitation avec les deux parents estla moins répandue. La cohabitation avec les parents estassociée significativement aux caractéristiques du chefde ménage, du ménage, des enfants et des adolescentsainsi qu’à la scolarisation de ces deux groupes.This study describes the family environment of children and adolescents in Burkina Faso, using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 1993 and 2003 and the national survey of adolescents in 2004 ; it explores the relationship between parental cohabitation and the characteristics of the household head, of the household and of the children or adolescents including their level of educational attainment. The results show that the majority of children (78.4 % in 1993 and 77.6 % in 2003) and of adolescents (61.1 % in 2004) are living with both their parents, who are in monogamous or polygamous unions. There is a significant proportion of orphan children, whether fostered or living with a single parent. Cohabitation with parents is least common during adolescence. Cohabitation with parents is significantly related to the characteristics of the household head, of the household and of the children and adolescents and to the educational attainment of these two groups
Association between Age at First Sexual Relation and Some Indicators of Sexual Behaviour among Adolescents
No full textThis study explores the relationship between age at first sexual
intercourse and four indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescents
aged 14 to 19 years in Burkina Faso, Malawi and Uganda. Analyses are
conducted using data from National Surveys of Adolescents, organized in
2004. Multivariate analyses are performed using dichotomous logistic
regression and ordered polychotomic logistic regression. Analyses show
that initiation of sexual activity before age 14 is more likely to be
associated with having a casual sex partner. It is less likely to be
associated with condom use at first sexual relation or with systematic
condom use in the past 12 months. These associations vary depending on
adolescents' country and gender. Delaying onset of sexuality could be a
surer and safer way to protect health during adolescence. However,
sexual and reproductive health programs that advocate abstinence only
are likely to have few positive effects on young people. To better
implement this strategy, sexual education for adolescents should be
integrated (Afr J Reprod Health 2012 (Special Edition); 16[2]:
173-188).L'étude explore la relation entre l'âge au premier rapport
sexuel et quatre indicateurs de comportement sexuel chez les
adolescents de 14 à 19 ans au Burkina Faso, au Mali et en Ouganda.
Les données proviennent des Enquêtes Nationales sur les
Adolescents menées en 2004. Des analyses multi variées ont
été faites à l'aide des régressions logistiques
dichotomiques et polychotomique ordonnées. Ces analyses
révèlent qu'une entrée en sexualité avant 14 ans
est plus susceptible d'être associée au recours à un
partenaire sexuel occasionnel ; elle est moins susceptible d'être
associée à l'utilisation du préservatif au premier
rapport sexuel ou à son utilisation systématique au cours des
douze derniers mois. Ces associations varient selon les pays et le sexe
des adolescents. Le report de l'entrée en sexualité pourrait
être un moyen plus sûr et plus sauf pour protéger la
santé dans l'adolescence. Pourtant, des programmes de santé
sexuelle et de reproduction produiront de meilleurs effets s'ils
allient la promotion de l'abstinence sexuelle et celle de
l'éducation sexuelle (Afr J Reprod Health 2012 (Special Edition);
16[2]: 173-188)
Estrogenic modulation of auditory processing in female songbirds:
No full textIn songbirds, male song is learned and is thought to be sexually selected for as a function of female mate choice. In this view, females must choose a conspecific mate whose song provides an honest signal of his quality. Male zebra finches copy an adult tutor’s song during development, and a memory for this tutor song is stored in the brain auditory processing area NCM. Female zebra finches do not copy, but they do show a behavioral preference in adulthood for the tutor song that they heard during development. Surprisingly, female NCM does not appear to have a memory for the tutor-song like that in males. We hypothesized that the expression of this memory in female NCM can be modulated by gonadal hormones, specifically that physiological estrogen levels in breeding females may influence sexual behavior by inducing changes in NCM that allow the previously formed tutor-song memory to be expressed, enable conspecific sounds to be discriminated from less relevant sounds, and facilitate acquisition of new auditory memories - all processes which may contribute to successful mate choice and reproduction. We tested these hypotheses by rearing females (n=26) in a controlled environment and exposing them to an artificial song-tutor during the sensitive period. In adulthood, we recorded their electrophysiological responses to tutor-song playback during estrogen (n=10), anti-estrogen (n=8) or vehicle (n=8) treatment. We also tested the same animals for conspecific vs. heterospecific song discrimination and the acquisition of memories for recently heard songs. Our results did not show an effect of hormonal manipulations on the expression of the tutor-song memory and thus did not support our primary hypothesis. However, anti-estrogen treatment degraded conspecific song discrimination and the acquisition of a memory for recently heard songs, suggesting that these processes require normal estrogen levels for their expression. Our results are consistent with an important role for estrogen in auditory processing and memory acquisition, consistent with studies in other animal systems. Future work will address the mechanisms by which estrogen modulates these effects.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-50)by Kathleen Marie Yode
Neural discrimination of vocal communication signals in the avian auditory system: roles of sex, estrogens, and social experience
No full textSongs are learned in songbirds, much as speech is acquired in human infants, and serve social and reproductive functions. In most songbirds studied to date, males produce learned vocalizations while females do not and the male brain contains a more developed forebrain vocal control pathway. Males use song both in interactions with other males and in courtship displays to varying degrees in different species. In the zebra finch, the male sings to court females, who do not sing, but use this signal in the process of mate selection. Thus this species provides a model of sexual dimorphism in the use of song. An avian forebrain auditory area, NCM, seems to be specialized to discriminate and remember the unique songs of other individuals, through a process of stimulus-specific adaptation, but sex differences in NCM function have not been described. The present study compares neurophysiological responses recorded in NCM of adult male and female zebra finches that were either raised in the general aviary by their parents, or reared in individual isolation with an artificial song tutor. Extra-cellular multi-unit recordings were made at multiple sites bilaterally in NCM of awake, restrained adult birds during song playback to assess auditory responses, stimulus-specific adaptation, preference for conspecific song, and song recognition memory for the tutor song as well as songs heard in adulthood. In a subset of these birds, estradiol levels were manipulated pharmacologically to compare the role of this hormone – which is known to be synthesized in the brain - in auditory responses in the two sexes. The results in untreated birds show differences between males and females in adaptation to song playback in NCM, although absolute responses do not differ between the sexes. Estradiol depletion in both males and females interfered with the memory for recently heard songs, although it had no clear effect on the memory for the tutor song heard in development. In addition, in females, but not males, estradiol depletion disrupted the typical neural response bias for conspecific song. These results are consistent with evolving ideas about the dynamic effects of sex steroids on sensory brain function beyond the established role of these hormones in reproductive behavior. The observations further suggest how, in females in the sexually receptive state, estradiol production in addition to its production in the brain itself, may influence the way the songs of potential suitors are discriminated, remembered and compared in the brain, thus contributing to the process of mate selection.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Kathleen Marie Yode
Deep roots, shared fruits: Emergent creative process and the ecology of solo performance through "Dress in Something Plain and Dark"
No full textabstract: This paper examines creative process and performance as a method of research for understanding self-in-context through the lens of my own artistic research for “Dress in Something Plain and Dark,” a project exploring my relationship as a woman to Mennonite religious and cultural identity, spirituality, and dance. Situating my artistic work in relationship to the fields of creative autoethnography, queer and transborder performance art, and somatic dance practice, I discuss the distinctions and commonalities of approach, methods, and practice of artists working in these fields, and the shared challenges of marginalization, translation, and contextualization. In response to these challenges, and the inadequacy of linear, Western, individualistic and mechanistic frameworks to address them, I draw from the ethnographic work of de la Garza, (formerly González, 2000) to seek a “creation-centered” ontological framework that the artist-researcher-performer may use to understand and contextualize their work. I offer the tree as an ontology to understand the organic, emergent nature of creative process, the stages of growth and seasonal cycles, and the structural parts that make up the creative and performative processes, and illustrate this model through a discussion of the growth of “Dress in Something Plain and Dark,” as it has emerged over two cyclical “seasons” of maturation.
Note: This work of creative scholarship is rooted in collaboration between three female artist-scholars: Carly Bates, Raji Ganesan, and Allyson Yoder. Working from a common intersectional, feminist framework, we served as artistic co-directors of each other’s solo pieces and co-producers of Negotiations, in which we share these pieces alongside each other. Negotiations is not a showcase of three individual works, but a conversation among three voices. As collaborators, we have been uncompromising in the pursuit of our own unique inquiries and voices and each of our works of creative scholarship stand alone. However, we believe that all of the parts are best understood in relationship to each other and to the whole. For this reason, we have chosen to cross-reference our thesis documents here, and we encourage readers to view the performance of Negotiations in its entirety.
Thesis documents cross-referenced:
French Vanilla: An Exploration of Biracial Identity Through Narrative Performance, by Carly Bates
Bhairavi: A Performance-Investigation of Belonging and Dis-Belonging in Diaspora Communities, by Raji Ganesan
Deep roots, shared fruits: Emergent creative process and the ecology of solo performance through “Dress in Something Plain and Dark,” by Allyson Yode
A comparative study of form and theology in the works of Flannery O'Connor and Simone Weil
No full textIn this comparative study of the form and theology of Flannery O'Connor and Simone Weil I interrogate how Weil's philosophical writings and her theology illuminate O'Connor's use of both narrative and non-fictional forms, and her Catholicism. The Introduction analyses how Weil's concept of superposed reading provides a new method of approaching both O'Connor, her writings, and O'Connor
studies, and focuses on how such apparently different women interconnect. Chapter One explores how both Weil and O'Connor attempt to write their theologies on the
souls of their readers yet are each subject to constraints imposed by form. Weil's concept of locating equilibrium between incommensurates is discussed, and her
distinctively philosophical approach to fictions and fictionality is used to investigate O'Connor's notion of prophetic fictions and the writer's role. Chapter Two assesses how both writers revivify Christian paradoxes. Weil's monstrous concept of affiiction, and O'Connor's use of the grotesque genre to jolt secular man into an
awareness of the sacred are scrutinised. Chapter Three studies how both writers consider an encounter between God and man is possible through the action of grace. My Conclusion interrogates how Weil's work can deepen our understanding of O'Connor's writings, and examines how successful O'Connor is at realising a truly
Christian literature. I conclude that despite being a writer of powerful fictions, O'Connor can not be totally successful in her mission as writer-prophet because
ultimately fiction escapes orthodoxy
