49 research outputs found
Fıkıhta i’tikâf, Sivas’lı Numan Efendi ve i’tikâfa dair risâlesi
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim DalıNuman Efendi, İslamî ilimler ve edebiyat konusunda kendini geliştirmiş, Sivas'ın köklü geçmişinde iz bırakmış önemli şahsiyetlerden birisidir. Yaşadığı dönemde halkın hem maddi sorunlarının giderilmesindeki vakıf faaliyetlerinde hem de İslam'ın hayata tatbiki konusunda, Müslüman halkın önünü açacak önemli eserler kaleme alarak, insanların istifadesine sunmuştur. Böylece bulunduğu müftülük makamının hakkını vermeye çalışmıştır. Müellifin risale şeklinde, Arapça olarak kaleme aldığı eserlerinden biriside araştırmamızın konusu olan Risâletü'l-i'tikafiyye'dir. Eserde, Rasulullah'ın (s.a.v.) hayatı boyunca hiç terk etmediği i'tikaf ibadeti konu olarak ele alınmıştır. Müellif eserini, bir müftünün "i'tikaf" konusunda kendisine gelen suallere cevap vererek bu konuda her türlü bilgi eksikliğinin giderilmesine yardımcı olacak şekilde kaleme almıştır. Risalede i'tikaf hakkındaki bütün bilgiler her yönden incelenmiş ayrıca bütün mezheplerin görüşleri kıyas edilerek anlatılmıştır. Çalışmamız i'tikaf konusunun incelendiği birinci bölüm, Sarıhatipzâde ailesi ve Numan Efendi'nin hayatının anlatıldığı ikinci bölüm ve Risâletü'l-i'tikafiyye isimli eserin fıkhî açıdan incelendiği üçüncü bölüm olmak üzere toplam üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İbadetler, İ'tikaf, Mu'tekif, Sarıhatipzade, Numan Efendi, Risâletü'l-i'tikafiyye.Numan Efendi, who has educated himself in Islamic sciences and literature, is one of the distinguished scholars who have left a mark on the long-established history of Sivas. He served to the benefit of people by participating in charitable foundations that helped to eradicate the financial problems of the people as well as by writing treatise that would pave the way for Muslim people to exercise Islam in life. So, he tried to do justice to his position as mufti. One of the author's Arabic works as treatise, which is the subject of our study, is Risaletu'l-I'tikafiyye. In this piece, he handled the worship of i'tikaf of which the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) never left in his life. The author wrote out the piece as something to support a mufti in answering all questions related to "i'tikaf" and in supplying his lack of knowledge about this subject. In the treatise, all the information about i'tikaf have been reviewed from every aspect and also the perspectives of all school of thoughts have been described by comparing them. Our study is comprised of three chapters in total, the first chapter where the subject matter of i'tikaf is examined, the second chapter where the family of Sarihatipzade and Numan Efendi's life is narrated, and the third chapter where Risaletu'l-I'tikafiyye is examined according to fiqh perspective. Key Words: Worship, I'tikaf, Mu'tekif, Sarihatipzade, Numan Efendi, Risaletu'l-I'tikafiyye
Mental health service coverage and gaps among adults in Europe:a systematic review
No full textEnsuring the right to the highest attainable standard of mental healthcare requires a clear understanding of the current state of service coverage and gaps across Europe. Given the wide heterogeneity of health systems and resources, systematically assessing these gaps is crucial in order to identify inequities, inform policy and guide efforts to strengthen care at regional and national levels. In this Series paper, we systematically reviewed 45 studies reporting 198 national or sub-national estimates of adult mental health service coverage and treatment gaps in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Data were scarce for many countries and conditions, heterogeneous in definitions, and rarely longitudinal, limiting comparability and trend analysis. Coverage for psychotic disorders was generally higher, often exceeding 90% in some countries but varied widely. For major depressive disorder, minimally adequate treatment ranged from below 10% in Bulgaria, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan to over 35% in Germany and Czechia. Anxiety disorder coverage ranged from 7% in Bulgaria to 47% in Sweden; most substance use disorder estimates were under 15%, and adult ADHD coverage was typically below 10%, based on outdated data. Trend analyses indicated minimal increases in depression coverage over two decades and mixed patterns for psychosis. Marginalised groups, including refugees, homeless populations and sexual minorities, faced the largest gaps, sometimes exceeding 80%. The lack of standardised, repeated measures hampers tracking of progress toward WHO's 2030 goal of a 50% increase in coverage. We advocate that harmonised monitoring systems, with attention to treatment adequacy and equity, are urgently needed to close persistent mental health care gaps across Europe
Life of Mustafa Fevzi Bin Numan, his works, his poems on religious topics
No full textThe theme of my thesis is life of Mustafa Fevzi bin Numan, his works, his poemson religious topics. He became famous with his scientific works, poems a n d articles in?Ceride-i Sufieye? news paper and his sufi character.Mustafa Fevzi Efendi lived in the last quarter of 19th century and the first quarterof 20th century. He was a very important author in Turkish Religious-Sufi Literature. Hewas born in 1871 in Kemaliye Erzincan. His father name was Numan. When he was sevenyears old, he was taken to Istanbul by Kasapzade Vaiz Efendi, who was one of the lecturerof Padishah ?Huzur Dersleri Hocası? at that time.He examined in his articles social problems of his period and discussed problemsof people in his column in the newspaper. He opposed nationalistic and atheisticmovements and wrote his book ?Izhar-ı Hakikat? opposing thoughts of Abdullah Cevdet. Itis possible to consider influence of Ahmed Ziyaeddin Efendi in his works and poems.He was a prominent poet and author who wrote about the social problems andSufi philosophy of his period in very pure and delicate manner.He advocated Pan Islamism and unification of Muslims. He leaded IslamismMovement while he was approaching nationalism and westernization of Ottoman Societyin a critical way in his articles. He felt the sorrow in his heart, which the decliningconditions of Ottoman paved the way. He searched the ways to overcome the case. He wasan author sharing his thoughts with his readers.Mustafa Fevzi Efendi 19. yüzyılın son çeyreği ve 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğindeyaşamış, telif ettiği manzum eserleri ve Cerûde-i Sûfiyye gazetesindeki makaleleriyleDinû-Tasavvufû Türk Edebiyatı içerinde önemli bir yazar ve şairdir. Mustafa FevziEfendi 19. yüzyılın son çeyreği ile 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde yaşamıştır. O 1871 yılındaErzincan'ın Kemaliye ilçesinde dünyaya gelmiştir. Babasının adı Numan'dır. 7 yaşındaiken İstanbul'a zamanının Huzur Dersleri hocalarından olan Kasapzâde Vaiz Efenditarafından getirilmiş ve ilk dini tahsilini hocasından yapmıştır.Zamanının sosyal problemleri ile ilgilenmiş, halkın sorunlarını gazetedekiköşesine taşımıştır. Döneminde ortaya çıkan kavmiyetçilik ve ateistlik akımlarına karşıeleştirel bir tavır takınmış ve bu fikirleri savunan Abdullah Cevdet'e reddiye babındaIzhar-ı Hakikat eserini telif etmiştir. Özellikle eserlerinde verdiği tasavvufû ıstılahlarbölümü incelenirken, müellifin tasavvufû muhtevaya ve terminolojiye hakimiyetigörülmektedir.Mustafa Fevzi Efendi'nin şairliği ile fikirlerin savunduğu mutasavvıf kişiliğimündemictir. Fikir ve düşüncelerini şiir ile ifade etmiştir. Şiirlerinde yer yer Arapça veFarsça terkipler kullanmasına rağmen sade ve anlaşılır bir dil hakimdir. Şiirlerididaktik ve nasihat varidir. Eserlerinde ve şiirlerinde Ahmed ZiyauddinGümüşhânevû'nin etkisi görülmektedir.Müellifini dönemin siyasi faaliyetlerine katılmamıştır fakat toplumsalsorunlarla ciddi ve yoğun bir şekilde ilgilenmiştir. Batıcılık, Osmanlıcılık, Türkçülük veİslâmcılık gibi akımların ortaya çıktığı dönemde yaşayan müellifimiz Osmanlıcılık veİslamcılık akımlarını benimsemiştir. Panİslâmizm ve ittihad-ı İslâm görüşlerinisavunmuştur. Gazetede yazdığı makalelerde kavmiyetçiliği ve batıcılığa eleştirelyaklaşırken İslâmcılık akımına da öncülük etmiştir. Döneminin çöküş şartlarınının yolaçtığı üzüntüyü yüreğinde hissetmiş ve çıkış yollarını aramıştır. Bulduğu çıkış yollarınıgazetede yazdığı yazılarında okuyucu ile paylaşmış entelektüel bir yazardır
Katib Mustafa Fawzi İbn Numan and his sufistic views in his study called Kitab İsbat al-Mesalik fi Rabita as-Salik
No full textBu çalışma asıl itibariyle iki bölümden oluşmaktadır: Birinci bölümde Kâtib Mustafa Fevzi b. Nu'man Efendi'nin hayâtı ve eserler'i incelenmiştir. Müellifimizin eserlerinin çoğu eski harflerle basılmış, birkaçı ise müellifin kendi hattıyla (el yazması) yazılmıştır. Ayrıca onun, dönemin önemli tasavvufî muhtevâlı dergilerinden Cerîde-i Sûfiyye'de yazmış olduğu makâleleri de bize önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Mustafa Fevzi Efendi, söz konusu mecmûanın başyazarlığını da yapmıştır. İkinci bölümde, Mustafa Fevzi Efendi'nin Kitâbü İsbâti'l-Mesâlik fî Râbıtati's-Sâlik'i incelenmiş ve tasavvufla ilgili görüşlerine yer verilmiştir. Râbıta, râbıta-i mevt, râbıta-i mürşid, râbıta-i huzur, ribât, murâbata, vahdet, vahdet-i vücûd gibi konular ele alınmıştır. Şiir ve edebiyat yönü de güçlü olan müellifimizin dilinin oldukça sâde ve anlaşılır olduğu gözlenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Osmanlı'nın son döneminde yetişmiş olan Mustafa Fevzi Efendi ve onun gibi diğer yazarların bu tür derinlikli ürünler vermeleri, dönemin dil, edebiyat, sanat ve tefekkür seviyesini göstermesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir.This study is compose of two sextions. In first section, it have been dealt with life and studies of Katib Mustafa Fawzi ibn Numan Efendi. Most of our author?s Works had published with old letters and some of them had written with his own handwriting. Besides, his articles he had written in Carida-i Sufiyya, one of most importance and sufistic content periodical in his period, presents us important informations. Mustafa Fawzi, also do editorship of in question periodical. In the second section, it have been dealt with Kitab Isbat al-Mesalik fi Rabita as-Salik of Katib Mustafa Fawzi ibn Numan Efendi. And it had been give place to views of Mustafa Fawzi connecting with sufism. It is dealt with here Rabita, rabita al-mawt, rabita al-murshid, rabita al-hudhur, ribat, murabata, oneness (wahdet), oneness of being (wahdet al wucud) and levels of existance. It is seen that language of our author, who is powerful an poems and literary, is simply and understantable. Consequently, deeper productions which given by Mustafa Fawzi Efendi and other authors like him, lived and broguht up in latest period of Otoman Empire is most importance for showing levels of language, literary, art and thoyght of this period
Generative RGB-D Face Completion for Head-Mounted Display Removal
No full textVirtual reality (VR) creates an exceptional experience in which users can explore virtual environments. Wearing a head-mounted display (HMD), users are able to observe a virtual world that is rendered based on their physical movement and actions. A common solution for capturing the visual and geometric information needed for the construction of virtual environments is the use of RGB-D sensors. These sensors not only capture a collection of RGB data like conventional cameras do, but additionally record a depth value for each pixel. Thus, RGB-D sensors are able to capture both the visual and geometric properties of a space, including any objects or people. This makes immersive social VR experiences possible, where people in different physical locations can be placed in the same virtual environment. However, HMDs obstruct the RGB-D sensor from capturing the wearer's upper face, which severely impacts the social aspects of VR applications. To address this, we proposed a framework that is capable of the virtual removal of head-mounted displays in RGB-D images, which is referred to as the task of HMD removal. Due to its novelty, we took an exploratory approach to this task. We formulated this problem as a joint RGB-D face image inpainting task and proposed a GAN-based coarse-to-fine architecture that is capable of simultaneously filling in the missing color and depth information of face images occluded by an HMD. To preserve the identity features of the inpainted faces, we proposed an RGB-based identity loss function. Leveraging the knowledge of a pretrained identity embedding model, this perceptual loss function stimulates the preservation of identity-specific facial features. Furthermore, we proposed several architectural structures to explore multimodal feature fusion of the color and depth information contained in RGB-D images. To this end, we introduced data-level fusion, which naively combines the color and depth information at network input. In addition, we introduced hybrid fusion, which involves feature-level fusion in the coarse stage of the architecture and data-level fusion in the refinement stage of the architecture. Within the concept of hybrid fusion, we investigated several fusion strategies, including residual fusion. Our findings suggest that data-level fusion achieves similar performance to hybrid fusion.Moreover, to improve surface reproduction in the depth channel, we introduced the employment of a surface normal loss function and contextual surface attention module, which both rely on surface normals that are estimated based on the depth channel of the RGB-D image. We also considered the addition of surface normal information to the discriminator input, which we found to have an adverse effect on the visual quality of the results.In absence of a large scale RGB-D face dataset, we devised a pipeline for the creation of a synthetic RGB-D face dataset for the evaluation of our network. Despite its exploratory nature, our research provides unique insights into the design and behavior of a multimodal image inpainting architecture that can be of interest to future research
Dynamic modelling and control of a solid oxide reversible cell for power disturbance rejection in a mixed power grid
No full textThe integration of variable renewable energy sources (RESs) in the electrical power grid leads to larger and faster variations in the power demanded from controllable power sources. This is a problem, because flexibility of (base load) power plants is limited. Solid oxide reversible cells(SORCs) can be used as load-shifting devices to reduce these power variations by converting electricity to hydrogen (solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) mode) when power demand is low and converting hydrogen to electricity (solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode) when power demand is high. However, the introduction of SORCs is challenging. It is a promising long-term energy storage technology, but it is in its development stage. Apart from prohibitive costs, challenges also lie within durability and efficiency under dynamic operation. Development of control strategies is essential for maintaining optimal operating conditions. Therefore, this study researches the ability of SORCs to operate in a mixed power grid by developing an SORC model and power disturbance rejection controller which ensures safe operating conditions.A dynamic 0D SORC model was developed. It describes a single cell at the center of a large stack of identical cells, which makes it representative for large-scale SORCs. The model is based on SOFC models and uses the current density to indicate the operating mode of the SORC. The benefit of this approach is that one continuous model describes both operating modes. Validation of the model is based on comparison of static cell voltage-current density curves from literature and from a small stack experiment. Open-loop analysis of the model showed that the system is stable and can be decoupled. It also showed that development of gain-scheduling controllers was necessary to handle the exothermic, hydrogen consuming SOFC mode and endothermic, hydrogen producing SOEC mode. This motivated the design of gain-scheduling H-infinity tuned proportional-integral (PI) controller, which were used to control the positive electrode, electrolyte, negative electrode (PEN) structure temperature and fuel channel composition by manipulating the air and fuel flow rate, respectively. Two methods were compared for specifying the performance of the controller. The first method was based on the desired closed-loop bandwidths and the second method was based on the bandwidth of the disturbance. The first method was superior to the second method, because the obtainable closed-loop bandwidths are faster than the bandwidth of the disturbance.This study shows that gain-scheduling PI controllers allow SORCs to be used for load shifting applications in a mixed power grid. Further research is needed to validate the dynamics of the model and to identify the influence of balance of plant (BOP) dynamics on controller performance.Mechanical Engineering | Systems and ControlMechanical Engineering | Process and Energy Technolog
Ant Colony Optimization for DSM's Flexible Job Shop Problem
No full textThis papers examines an ant colony optimization approach for solving a specific variant of the Flexible Job Shop Problem faced by the Dutch chemistry company DSM. Jobs consisting of operations on a specific enzyme need to be scheduled as efficiently as possible on groups of available machines. The most interesting requirement upon the general FJSP are the sequence-dependent cleaning times a machine needs when it processes two different enzyme types consecutively. This can all be intuitively represented using a weighted disjunctive graph, which ACO uses as its input. The algorithm consists of a number of epochs for which multiple ants create a feasible schedule one operation at the time. Scheduling choices are made using pheromones and an heuristic visibility function based on earliest starting times. Pheromone amounts are updated using both a negative local updating rule and a positive global update for the best ant per epoch. Two hyperparameters, the initial pheromone amount τ0 and the cutting exploration parameter q0 are experimentally evaluated. Varying τ0 does not consistently impact the solution quality nor runtime, while the higher the value of q0, the better both measures. Performance evaluation of ACO is done using a provided MILP solver as baseline and the makespan as objective function for a range of different time limits. For the tested instances, ACO shows to significantly outperform MILP, finding good solutions exceptionally fast. Based on this, ACO is an efficient method to solve the production scheduling problem of DSM.CSE3000 Research ProjectComputer Science and Engineerin
The examination of word groups in the Sabahattin Ali's story book named "Yeni Dünya"
No full textBir dili oluşturan temel ögeler kelimeler, kelime grupları ve cümlelerdir. Dillerdeki kelime sayıları sınırlıdır. Ancak kelime grupları ve cümleler sınırsızdır. Bir dilin zenginliği ve güzelliği o dilin kullanıcılarının farklı kombinasyonlarda kelimeleri bir araya getirebilme yetenekleriyle doğrudan bağlantılıdır. Kelimeleri hem estetik olarak hem de çok çeşitli anlamlarda birbiriyle ilişkili biçimde en iyi kullananlar ise şairler ve yazarlardır. Sabahattin Ali, Türk edebiyatının önemli yazarlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Sabahattin Ali'nin hikâyeleri üzerinde yapılan kelime grupları incelemesi, Türk dilinin zenginliği konusunda önemli veriler sunacaktır. Ayrıca, belirlenen kelime grupları, yazarın edebî üslubunun anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunacaktır. Çalışmamız giriş, üç bölüm, ve sonuçtan oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Sabahattin Ali'nin hayatı, edebî kişiliği, eserleri ve Yeni Dünya adlı eseri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde kelime gruplarının tanımı, genel özellikleri ve çeşitlerine yer verilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde Sabahattin Ali'nin Yeni Dünya adlı eserinde yer alan kelime grupları ele alınmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde ise eserde yer alan kelime gruplarının kullanım sayıları tablo ile verilerek çalışma sonlandırılmıştır.The basic elements of a language are words, phrases and sentences. The number of words in languages is limited. But word groups and sentences are unlimited. The richness and beauty of a language is directly linked to the ability of its users to put words together in different combinations. Poets and writers are the ones who make the best use of words both aesthetically and in relation to each other in a wide variety of meanings. Sabahattin Ali is considered one of the important writers of Turkish literature. In this study, the analysis of word groups based on Sabahattin Ali's stories will provide important data about the richness of the Turkish language. Additionally, the identified word groups will contribute to the understanding of the author's literary style. Our study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter, information about Sabahattin Ali's life, literary personality, his works and the Yeni Dünya is given. In the second chapter, the definition, general characteristics and types of word groups are given. In the third section, the word groups in Sabahattin Ali's Yeni Dünya are discussed. In the conclusion section, the number of word groups used in the work is given with a table and the study is finalized
Jere Nash Interview with Neil McMillen (Part 1 of 2)
No full textInterview conducted by author Jere Nash with University of Southern Mississippi history professor Neil R. McMillen in the process of writing Mississippi Politics: The Struggle for Power, 1976-2006. Topics dicussed include race and politics in Mississippi; southern historians including Dewey Grantham, C. Vann Woodward, Numan V. Bartley, John Boles; segregation in Mississippi and resistance to change; genesis of McMillin\u27s book Dark Journey; fifteenth Freedom Summer reunion at Millsaps and Tougaloo; John Ditmer; contributing to A History of Mississippi edited by Richard Aubrey McLemore and reaction by the public and University of Southern Mississippi officials; hiring of African American faculty at USM; M.M. Roberts; and William D. McCain
