1,721,008 research outputs found
Kuorimon puuhäviöiden optimointi : Heinolan flutingtehtaan kuorimo
Get PDFTämä opinnäytetyö keskittyy Stora Enson Heinolan flutingtehtaan kuorimon toimintaan ja tehtaalla raaka-aineeksi käytettävään viiluhakkeeseen. Työnantona oli tarkastella kuorimon toimintaa, selvittää sen häviölähteitä ja selvittää tehaalle tuotavien viiluhakkeiden laatua. Työssä selvitetään eri häviölähteitä ja saamaan jonkinlainen lukumäärä hukan syntyvyydestä.
Työn kirjallisessa osuudessa kerrotaan yleisesti puun koostumuksesta ja puulajeista, nykyaikaisen kuorimon online – mittauksista ja käydään nykyisen kuorimon prosessi läpi. Kirjallisuus ja tehtaan työntekijöiltä saatu tieto auttoivat työssä huomattavasti. Kuorintalinjojen toimittajat (Teknosavo, Andritz, Metso) tarjosivat myös hyödyllistä materiaalia työtä koskien.
Kokeellisessa osiossa kartoitetaan kuorimon häviölähteitä, vertaillaan viiluhakkeem laatua ja selvitetään hakun terien käyttötuntien vaikutusta tuotettavaan hakkeen laatuun. Syntyvistä häviölähteistä otettiin 21 näytteen erä ja näiden näyttiden testitulosten avulla pystyttiin määrittämään rummussa syntyvän hukan suuruutta. Viiluhakkeesta otettiin myös näytteitä. Tehtaan viiluhakevarastosta otettiin 16 näytten sarja ja näytteiden tulosten pohjalta oli mahdollista laskea viiluhakkeelle laatuarvoja. Hakun terien käyttötunteja tutkittiin seulomalla otettuja näytteitä ja tekemällä seulonnoista johtopäätöksiä.This thesis focuses on the debarking plant in Stora Enso’s Heinola Fluting Mill. The objective of thesis was to study the debarking plant and examine the sources of wood losses that occur in the process. The thesis also contains analyzing of the use hours of the chipping machine blade and quality testing of veneer chips. Veneer chips are used as a raw material in the mill.
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with basic information on wood, online measurments in modern debarking plants and the process of Heinola Mill’s debarking plant. Literature and the knowledge received from mill workers provided signigicant help in the thesis. The suppliers of debarking equipment (Teknosavo, Andritz, Metso) also provided information about debarking and the machines they provide.
The experimental part was a study of the wood losses at the debarking plant, the use hours of the chipping machine blades and the quality of veneer chips. Twenty-one sample batches were taken from the wood loss sources and the results of the samples were analyzed. Based on these results, it was possible to determine the amount of wood losses occurring in the debarking drum. Veneer chips were also tested. Sixteen samples of veneer chips were taken from the mill’s raw material storage. On the base of these samples and tests it was possible to do calculations about the real quality of the chips. The use hours of chipping machines blades were also analyzed by taking samples and screening them
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Background-matching, disruptive coloration and the evolution of cryptic coloration
No full textCryptic prey coloration typically bears a resemblance to the habitat the prey uses. It has been suggested that coloration which visually matches a random sample of the background maximizes background matching. We studied this previously untested hypothesis, as well as another, little studied principle of concealment, disruptive coloration, and whether it could, acting in addition to background matching, provide another plausible means of achieving camouflage. We presented great tits (Parus major) with artificial background-matching and disruptive prey (DP), and measured detection times. First, we studied whether any random sample of a background produces equally good crypsis. This turned out to not be the case. Next, we compared the DP and the best background-matching prey and found that they were equally cryptic. We repeated the tests using prey with all the coloration elements being whole, instead of some of them being broken by the prey outline, but this did not change the result. We conclude that resemblance of the background is an important aspect of concealment, but that coloration matching a random visual sample of the background is neither sufficient nor necessary to minimize the probability of detection. Further, our study lends empirical support to the principle of disruptive coloration.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Avoiding detection: effects of prey pattern regularity, background matching and complexity of the habitat background
No full textIn this study we test how aspects of prey colour pattern regularity affect crypsis and how visual complexity of the background affects prey detection. We performed two predation experiments with artificial prey and backgrounds, using blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) as predators. In the first experiment we found that a prey pattern consisting of variable element shapes did not compensate for mismatching pattern elements, because a variable pattern with some mismatching element shapes was easier to detect than a variable pattern with background-matching element shapes only. Contrary to a previous hypothesis, a pattern with regular, background-matching element shapes was not easier to detect than the pattern with variable, background-matching shapes. All prey types were easier to detect on a simple than on a complex background with more diverse and complex element shapes. In the second experiment we used prey pattern consisting of invariable, background-matching elements and tested how spatial regularity of the elements affects crypsis. We found that on a complex background the spatially irregular prey with randomly placed pattern elements was more difficult to detect than the regular prey with all elements aligned, but on a simple background both prey types were equally easy to detect. Here background complexity was due to element shape complexity only. In conclusion, our study shows that spatial regularity of prey pattern but not regularity due to invariable pattern element shapes deteriorates crypsis. Visually complex habitat backgrounds and specifically those consisting of elements with complex shapes make detection of cryptic prey difficult.</p
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