1,721,029 research outputs found
L'histoire des réformateurs italiens entre fonds juridique français, germanique et traditions péninsulaires (1806-1927)
No full textCircolazione dei modelli francesi in Italia dal 1806 al 192
The constitutionalism in Brittany in the eighteenth century : ambitions and disappointments of a political and juridical experiment
No full textPar « constitutionnalisme »,terme anachronique au regard de la période étudiée, il faut comprendre la volonté d’encadrer et de limiter le pouvoir royal afin que soient garanties les principales libertés de l’individu. Autrement dit, le constitutionnalisme renvoie à la défense d’un système de « freins » et de contrepoids à l’exercice du pouvoir pour que soit substitué au règne des hommes celui de la loi. Ainsi, l’objet de cette étude est d’analyser comment, de 1715 à 1789, sont imaginées, inventées, suggérées ou encore réalisées ces limites à l’exercice des prérogatives royales. En Bretagne, ces « freins », qui s’incarnent dans des règles dites supérieures au pouvoir royal, prennent la forme des droits « constitutionnels » des Bretons, renfermés dans la Constitution particulière de la province. Il s’agit donc de définir l’origine, le contenu, la nature et l’évolution de la Constitution armoricaine. Ensuite, la Charte provinciale et les droits qu’elle renferme sont à la source de revendications politiques locales, dont l’objectif est de tempérer l’absolutisme souverain. Enfin, pour défendre de telles prétentions, les modalités et les mécanismes juridiques contenus dans la Constitution bretonne sont utilisés comme moyen de résistance et de lutte contre le pouvoir royal.The "constitutionalism", anachronistic term regarding the era of our study, must be understood as the will to circumscribe and to limit the royal power, so that the essential liberties of individuals are guaranteed. In other words, the constitutionalism refers to a system of “checks and balances” which allows to replace the rule of men with the rule of law. Then, the aim of this study is to analyze how, from 1715 to 1789, are imagined, invented, suggested and realized those limits. In Brittany, those boundaries, which are embodied by superior rules to royal power, take the form of the “constitutional" rights of Breton subjects, contained in the provincial Constitution. Therefore, the origin, the content, the nature and the evolution of the Armorican Constitution must be defined. Then, the provincial Charter and the rights it contains are used for local political claims. The aim of those requests is to temper and moderate the sovereign absolutism in Brittany. Finally, to defend such claims, the modalities and the legal mechanisms contained in the Breton Constitution are used as a means of resistance and struggle against the royal power
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The constitutional bases of administrative law (1789-1940)
No full textLes bases constitutionnelles, présentées par Georges Vedel en 1954, permettent de comprendre la construction du droit administratif en un édifice spécifique. Les règles du droit constitutionnel expliquent alors pourquoi le droit de l’administration est dérogatoire au droit commun et pourquoi celle-ci possède sa propre juridiction. Si le doyen Vedel, ainsi que tous ceux qui ont étudié sa théorie, ont parfaitement traité ce phénomène dans le droit contemporain, il n’a pas fallu attendre 1954 pour que le droit constitutionnel influence profondément le droit administratif. En effet, ces deux matières ont toujours été étroitement liées et la doctrine n’a pas fondé sa définition du droit administratif en faisant abstraction de l’organisation des pouvoirs ou de la notion d’État. L’étude historique permet alors de mettre en lumière le puissant lien qui unit constitution et droit administratif. Elle replace la théorie dans toute l’étendue de sa temporalité en démontrant à quel point elle a été déterminante tout au long du XIXe siècle. C’est ainsi la nature du droit administratif qui est éclairée. Pour cela, il nous faut remonter à la loi des 16 et 24 août 1790 qui sépare les autorités administrative et judiciaire et à la Constitution de l’an VIII qui crée le Conseil d’État. La doctrine est tout particulièrement étudiée afin de comprendre les rapports entre droit administratif et droit constitutionnel, tout comme les textes constitutionnels et les débats parlementaires. Il apparaît alors que les bases constitutionnelles ont permis la construction du droit administratif au XIXe siècle en affirmant la spécificité de ce droit naissant tout en assurant qu’il se développe dans un sens favorable au pouvoir politique. Néanmoins, à compter des années 1870, l’argument s’efface progressivement pour faire place aux nouvelles façons de penser l’État et le droit administratif. Ce mouvement ne fera que s’amplifier au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle.The constitutional bases as presented by Georges Vedel in 1954, enable to understand the construction process of the administrative law as a very specific creation. The rules of constitutional law explain why the administrative right is overriding the ordinary law, as well as the reason why the administration benefits from its own specific jurisdiction. If Vedel – and all those who have studied the theory he left – have perfectly examined this phenomenon in contemporary law, the constitutional law actually started to influence administrative law way before 1954. Indeed, these two subjects have always been closely related and the doctrine included a reflexion about the organisation of powers and the notion of State, to base its definition of administrative law. The historical study enlightens the close relation that exists between a constitution and the administrative law. It replaces the theory back to the temporal context in which it tooks place, then showing how crucial it has been all along the 19th century. Then, it is the very nature of administrative law that is clarified. To this end, we should go back to the study of the law of August 16th and 24th 1790, which proceeds to the separation between the administrative and judicial authorities, as well as to the Constitution of year VIII, which creates the Conseil d’État. The doctrine is particularly examined to be able to understand the relationship between administrative and constitutional law, as well as the constitutional texts and the parlementary debates. Therefore, it appears that the constitutional bases enabled the construction of the administrative law in 19th century, in stating the specificity of this emerging law, while ensuring its development in a way that favours the political institution. However, from 1870, the argument loses its importance in favour of new conceptions of the notion of State and administrative law. This trend will only progress in the first half of the 20th century
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
