74 research outputs found
Local auxin biosynthesis modulates gradient-directed planar polarity in Arabidopsis
No full textThe coordination of cell polarity within the plane of a single tissue layer (planar polarity) is a crucial task during development of multicellular organisms. Mechanisms underlying establishment of planar polarity, however, differ substantially between plants and animals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, planar polarity of root-hair positioning along epidermal cells is coordinated towards maximum concentration of an auxin gradient in the root tip. This gradient has been hypothesized to be sink-driven and computational modelling suggests that auxin efflux carrier activity may be sufficient to generate the gradient in the absence of auxin biosynthesis in the root. Here, we demonstrate that the Raf-like kinase CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1; Refs 8, 9) acts as a concentration-dependent repressor of a biosynthesis-dependent auxin gradient that modulates planar polarity in the root tip. We analysed auxin biosynthesis and concentration gradients in a variety of root-hair-position mutants affected in CTR1 activity, auxin biosynthesis and transport. Our results reveal that planar polarity relies on influx- and efflux-carrier-mediated auxin redistribution from a local biosynthesis maximum. Thus, a local source of auxin biosynthesis contributes to gradient homeostasis during long-range coordination of cellular morphogenesis
Hezhen Conversational Text (1)
No full textThis speech was documented by the author on 19th August 2010, in Jiejinkou village, Tongjiang city, Heilongjiang Province, China. It includes a conversation in the Hezhen language between Ms. Wenlan You and Ms. Shuzhen He (classification number: YWLHSZ20100819). Ms. Wenlan You was born in 1946 (Qindeli village), while Ms. Shuzhen He was born in 1937 (Fujin village). The length of the recorded speech is 00:38:18. This document contains excerpts of the conversation that run into 00:12:12 minutes. The conversation is about the daily lives of the women: fishing, cornfield farming, raising cattle, raising chickens, neighbors, the weather, and flower care, etc
Endocytosis restricts Arabidopsis KNOLLE syntaxin to the cell division plane during late cytokinesis
No full textCytokinesis represents the final stage of eukaryotic cell division during which the cytoplasm becomes partitioned between daughter cells. The process differs to some extent between animal and plant cells, but proteins of the syntaxin family mediate membrane fusion in the plane of cell division in diverse organisms. How syntaxin localization is kept in check remains elusive. Here, we report that localization of the Arabidopsis KNOLLE syntaxin in the plane of cell division is maintained by sterol-dependent endocytosis involving a clathrin-and DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN1A-dependent mechanism. On genetic or pharmacological interference with endocytosis, KNOLLE mislocalizes to lateral plasma membranes after cell-plate fusion. Fluorescence-loss-in-photo-bleaching and fluorescence-recovery-after-photo-bleaching experiments reveal lateral diffusion of GFP-KNOLLE from the plane of division to lateral membranes. In an endocytosis-defective sterol biosynthesis mutant displaying lateral KNOLLE diffusion, KNOLLE secretory trafficking remains unaffected. Thus, restriction of lateral diffusion by endocytosis may serve to maintain specificity of syntaxin localization during late cytokinesis. The EMBO Journal (2010) 29, 546-558. doi:10.1038/emboj.2009.363; Published online 3 December 200
Lipid function in plant cell polarity
No full textThe establishment and maintenance of cell polarity play pivotal roles during plant development. During the past five years, proteins that are required for different aspects of plant cell polarity have been identified. However, the functions of lipids and their interactions with proteins that mediate polarity remained largely unaddressed. Recent genetic studies have discovered cell and tissue polarity mutants that have defects in sterol composition, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and phospholipid signalling. Analyses of the affected gene products have provided a first glance at the roles of lipids in cell polarity signalling, as well as in the trafficking and anchoring of polar proteins.</p
Hezhen Interview Text (1)
No full textHezhen is one of the Tungusic languages spoken by the Hezhen who are living in Heilongjiang Province, China. Their population currently is about 4600, and 10 or less of them can speak the native Hezhen language according to the author’s survey. This paper presents an interview text written by the author based on an interview taken at Bacha village, Heilongjiang Province, China on September 4th, 2008. The interviewee is Zhang Shuzhen, a Kilen dialect speaker who was born in 1926 and now is living in Bacha village. The interview was taken as follows: The speaker answered questions asked by the author in Hezhen language, some of the questions and the answers are mixed with Mandarin. The interview was recorded by the author. After the interview, the author listened to the interview record and transcribed it into a text. The author checked and improved the transcription together with the interviewee by listening to the audio data on August 26th and 27th, 2011. The length of the interview is about 31 minutes. Ms. Zhang told her experience in her 20s and 30s (from the latter half of 1940s to 1960s) about childbirth, recuperation after that, hardship of raising children, relationship between daughter-in-laws and mother-in-laws, and the rules for women at that time.資料・研究ノー
ホジェン語インタビューテキスト(1) : お産について
No full text資料・研究ノートHezhen is one of the Tungusic languages spoken by the Hezhen who are living in Heilongjiang Province, China. Their population currently is about 4600, and 10 or less of them can speak the native Hezhen language according to the author’s survey. This paper presents an interview text written by the author based on an interview taken at Bacha village, Heilongjiang Province, China on September 4th, 2008. The interviewee is Zhang Shuzhen, a Kilen dialect speaker who was born in 1926 and now is living in Bacha village. The interview was taken as follows: The speaker answered questions asked by the author in Hezhen language, some of the questions and the answers are mixed with Mandarin. The interview was recorded by the author. After the interview, the author listened to the interview record and transcribed it into a text. The author checked and improved the transcription together with the interviewee by listening to the audio data on August 26th and 27th, 2011. The length of the interview is about 31 minutes. Ms. Zhang told her experience in her 20s and 30s (from the latter half of 1940s to 1960s) about childbirth, recuperation after that, hardship of raising children, relationship between daughter-in-laws and mother-in-laws, and the rules for women at that time
Overexpression of SlARG2 or SlTD2 in Arabidopsis enhances resistance against Plutella xylostella L.
No full textPost-Oppositional Queer Politics and the Non-confrontational Negotiation of Queer Desires in Contemporary China
No full textabstract: The meaning of sexuality is not only specific to particular time periods in history; it is also culturally specific. Informed by transnationalism, queer of color critique, postcolonial feminism, and public sphere theory, my dissertation investigates the complex dynamic between what I call "Chinese queer subjects" and their bio-genetic families in a time of queer globalization. By centering the life experiences of Chinese queer subjects through interviewing and rhetorical analysis, this project intervenes in the teleological discourse of "coming out" that is circulated both in transnational LGBT movements and within academia. Through a materialist analysis of the "coming out" discourse in mainland China, I reveal why and how the discourse of "coming out" is prioritized in Chinese LGBT movements in order to foster a domestic queer market in mainland China. Of most significance to this project are the two non-confrontational strategies that some Chinese queer subjects employ to navigate the tension between family and sexuality: first, the reticent "coming with" strategy that engages the home space with queer desires, transforming the heteronormative family institution from within, toward a more livable queer life; second, the xinghun strategy, a marriage arrangement that many Chinese gay men and lesbian women partake in as a means of being gay or lesbian without exiting the family kinship system. The practices of reticent "coming with" and xinghun challenge the binary between family and sexuality, suggesting that queerness can emerge and thrive without exiting the (heterosexual) family; they give us some concrete examples of what AnaLouise Keating calls "post-oppositional politics" among some Chinese queer subjects.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Communication Studies 201
- …
