1,721,019 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Legal Drafting in the Ottoman Period
Full text link Ottoman Turkey is a country based on Islamic Shari'a in which all cases that will decide must refer to Islamic shari'a. The door of Ijtihad has been closed for a long time, thus opening the opportunity for the authorities to issue legal decisions after being investigated by scholars. The design process is complicated because the books of fiqh do not instantly explain the laws required. The legal drafting process in principle based on the Qur'an and al-Hadith which are manifested by the mufti or Syaik al-Islam after being proposed by the sultan through the prime minister. After obtaining syaikh al-Islam's approval, the law or law is deemed legitimate. With a qualitative approach, the author conducted a literature study and analyzed the data collected and interpreted legal drafting during the Ottoman period. The decline of the Ottoman Empire in various fields has led to renewal including reforms in the areas of legislation, law, and justice which demanded legal codification in the form of majallah Al-Ahkam Al-Adliyah. This Majallah contains the law mu'amalah, which leads to ahwal As-syakhsiyah and serves to maintain Islamic law, which almost eliminated due to secularity that occurred
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE SYSTEM OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Full text linkThe article aims to reveal the form of administration of the Ottoman Empire, which is not much discussed in history books, especially in Indonesia, an administration that seems chaotic. The description and form of administration take from various sources, especially in the collapse and degradation of leadership. The author tries to explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Timar system run by the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Data collection is carried out through literature study, data verification, interpretation, and financial administration chronology writing. The results show that the Ottoman Empire system of government has developed according to its territory-administration of agricultural Land managed by Sipahi and Subasyi. In implementing the Ottoman Islamic Sharia, the judges have the task of settling civil, criminal, and financial cases in coordination with the regional government and the government. At a glance, the Ottoman had a feudal system similar to the West's system at the time, but there were fundamental differences in land ownership. Land tenants in the West have no right to enjoy the harvest, let alone control the Land for generations. Slaves in Western Europe cannot be separated from hereditary Land. They cannot enjoy the agricultural products they have worked for themselves the Timar system's dysfunction results in losses in military, economic, social, and educational procurement. Even though, when analyzed in the Timar system, many support food security. However, this system still illustrates the principle of the land system adopted by Islam, namely Land to the tiller
RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Full text linkIslam is a religion of tolerance wherever it is embraced, and the tolerant spirit will reside in the souls of the followers of this religion. Turkish people who have long embraced Islam along with the conquest carried out by Umar bin Khattab in 641 AD. The Ottoman society is a multi-ethnic and diverse religious community, Orthodox Christians, Catholics, Jews were living in peace. The question is whether religious tolerance practiced by the Ottoman Turks is in line with Islamic teachings. This qualitative discussion was carried out with a literature study. With the pattern of deduction, the author tries to make the arguments of the Qur\u27an and the Hadith to measure the tolerance policy implemented by the Ottoman. After the existence of a foreign capitulation agreement, the lives of minority groups are more prosperous than the Muslims. Freedom to apply the law following the teachings of each religion, tax breaks. The Jewish migration in 1877 from Kazan, Bukhara, and central Asia had flooded the Anatolian region. Minority groups such as Jews are only barred from entering the country of Hijaz (present-day Saudi Arabia) and are prohibited from establishing a Palestinian state because of a long-standing agreement since the time of the Prophet and Umar bin Khattab with Christian Palestine.
Keywords: Ottoman, tolerance, Islamic religion. 
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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