31,766 research outputs found
The impact of mega-events on tourist arrivals
No full textWhile a mega-event is scheduled at least once every year somewhere in the world, these events are rare occurrences for the host cities and countries. The benefits of such events seem lucrative; the very fact that many countries bid to host these events suggests that the benefits - be they tangible or intangible - more often than not outweigh the costs. Using a standard gravity model of bilateral tourism flows between 200 countries from 1995 to 2006, this paper measures a very direct benefit of such mega-events: the increase in tourist arrivals to the host country. Although ex ante expectations are that tourism numbers would increase significantly during such an event, a growing literature points to the careful appraisal of possible tourist displacement, i.e. 'regular' tourists that change their behaviour when a mega-event is held, either shifting their trip to a different time or different location. This may result in reduced tourism gain, or even loss. In general, results suggest that mega-events promote tourism but the gain is dependent on the type of mega-event, the participating countries, the host country’s level of development, and whether the event is held during the peak- or off-season.Mega-events, panel data, development, international tourism
Maria Bersani
No full textLa voce illustra la biografia e l'apporto letterario dato da Maria Bersani alla letteratura per l'infanziaThe headword explains the biography and the contribution of the author Maria Bersani to the children's literatur
Mega-Sporting Events in Developing Nations: Playing the Way to Prosperity?
No full textSupporters of mega-sporting events such as the World Cup and Olympics claim that these events attract hoards of wealthy visitors and lead to lasting economic benefits for the host regions. Developing countries have become increasingly vocal in demanding a share of the economic benefits of these international games. The specialized infrastructure and operating expenses required to host these events, however, can be substantial. Independent researchers have found that boosters’ projections of the economic impact of sporting events exaggerate the true economic impact of these competitions, and these events are an even worse investment for developing countries than for industrialized nations.development, football, impact analysis, World Cup, sports, mega-event
Mega-Sporting Events in Developing Nations : Playing the Way to Prosperity?
No full textSupporters of mega-sporting events such as the World Cup and Olympics claim that these events attract hoards of wealthy visitors and lead to lasting economic benefits for the host regions. For this reason, cities and countries compete vigorously for the right to stage these spectacles. Recently, developing countries have become increasingly vocal in demanding that they get the right to share in the economic benefits of these international games. China, for example, has been awarded the 2008 Summer Olympics, and an African nation seems destined to host the 2010 World Cup. The specialized infrastructure and operating expenses required to host these events, however, can be extremely costly, and it is not at all clear that either the long or short-term benefits of the games are anywhere nearly large enough to cover these costs. This paper reviews other researchersÂ’ as well as our own previous work on mega-sporting events such as the Super Bowl and World Series as well as international events like the World Cup and Olympics. Independent researchers nearly unanimously find that boostersÂ’ projections of the economic impact of sporting events exaggerate the true economic impact of these competitions by a wide margin. In particular, in this paper we focus on the particular circumstances that face developing countries hosting these games. Our research suggests that in most cases mega-sporting events are an even worse investment for developing countries than for industrialized countries.Development Planning and Policy; Sports, Gambling, Recreation, Tourism
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Somatotopic Mapping of Piano Fingering Errors in Sensorimotor Experts: TMS Studies in Pianists and Visually Trained Musically Naives
No full textVirtuosic musical performance requires fine sensorimotor skills and high predictive control of the fast finger movements that produce the intended sounds, and cannot be corrected once the notes have been played. The anticipatory nature of motor control in experts explains why musical performance is barely affected by auditory feedback. Using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, we provide evidence that, in expert pianists (Experiment 1), the observation of a mute piano fingering error induces 1) a time-locked facilitation of hand corticospinal representation which occurred 300 and 700 ms but not 100 ms after error onset, and 2) a somatotopic corticospinal facilitation of the very same finger that commits the error. In a second experiment, we show that no corticospinal modulation is found in non-pianist naïve individuals who were experimentally trained to visually detect the observed fingering errors (Experiment 2). This is the first evidence showing that the refined somatosensory and motor skills of musicians exceed the domain of individual motor control and may provide the brain with fine anticipatory, simulative error monitoring systems for the evaluation of others' movements
Vedere l’errore altrui con il proprio sistema sensorimotorio: uno studio TMS in pianisti esperti
No full textBackground: Expert musical performance implies controlling fast finger-movements that cannot be corrected once the notes have been played. Thus, high-level performance is likely based on inherently anticipatory processes, scarcely influenced by auditory feedback.
Aim: We tested whether the fine somatomotor skills of expert pianists may be reflected in their ability to detect others’ errors (Experiment1) and whether visual expertise alone would lead to similar results (Experiment2).
Methods: Motor reactivity was indexed by TMS Motor Evoked Potentials (MEP) amplitudes recorded from relaxed thumb (the finger committing the observed error), index and little finger (controls) muscle while participants observed and categorized mute correct/incorrect fingering of piano scales. TMS was delivered 100-300-700 milliseconds after error observation. 9 expert pianists were tested (perceptuo-motor experts, Exp1). Furthermore, in order to test the role of visual expertise, 9 naïve subjects were trained to visually detect the fingering errors before being tested (visual experts, Exp2).
Results: Thumb cortico-spinal reactivity (the finger committing the observed error) was selectively increased at short time-intervals (300 ms) for implicit error recognition and at 700 ms when errors were explicitly recognised. Thus, in keeping with error-related electroencephalographic brain potentials, the cortico-spinal facilitation parallels aware error perception. No such effects were found in non-pianists.
Discussion: The results hint at an aware/unaware dissociation between brain responses to erroneous performance, indicating that the motor system of pianists reacts to the observation of other’s fingering errors according to somatotopic and time-locked rules. This effect is likely to be linked to motor rather than visual expertise
Mega-agrupamentos de escola: que perceções?
No full textMestrado em Ciências da Educação - Administração e Políticas EducativasO presente estudo tem como objetivo principal perceber de que forma a agregação das escolas/agrupamentos em Mega-Agrupamentos pode condicionar as perceções que os elementos da organização têm a nível das relações interpessoais, as relações com o diretor e com as várias estruturas intermédias.
A nossa opção metodológica foi o estudo de caso, com recurso a técnicas mistas de recolha e tratamento da informação, dos métodos qualitativo e quantitativo. Numa primeira fase fizemos investigação documental e observação direta e, numa segunda fase, analisámos a informação recolhida, as entrevistas e os inquéritos por questionário, que nos permitiram chegar aos resultados.
Os resultados obtidos levaram-nos a concluir que os Mega-Agrupamentos são a agregação de escolas bem diferentes entre si, que tinham as suas próprias estruturas organizativas, com um clima próprio e perceções bem distintas, inerentes às vivências dos seus atores, sendo que a distância física entre as unidades/subunidades de gestão constituem um dos maiores entraves à construção de relações interpessoais.This study aims to understand how the aggregation of schools / clusters in Mega-Clusters can condition the perceptions of the organization members about interpersonal relations, the relations with the director and with the various intermediate structures.
Our methodological approach was case study of qualitative and quantitative methods, using mixed techniques of collecting and processing information. Initially we did desk research and direct observation and, in a second phase, we examined the collected information, the interviews and the questionnaire surveys, which allowed us to get the results.
The results led us to conclude that mega-clusters are the aggregation of very different schools among themselves, which had their own organizational structures, with its own distinct climate and perceptions, inherent to the experiences of his actors, being the physical distance between the management units / subunits one of the biggest barriers to the construction of interpersonal relationships
O curso de licenciatura em educação física da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina: suas concepções de ensino e de educação física
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Centro de Educação Fisica e Desporto
- …
