1,721,029 research outputs found
Hybrid cooperative schemes for scalable and stable performance of Web content delivery
No full textSystems consisting of multiple edge servers are a popular solution to deal with performance and network resource utilization problems related to the growth of the Web. After a first period of prevalent enthusiasm towards cooperating edge servers, the research community is exploring in a more systematic way the real benefits and limitations of cooperative caching. Hierarchical cooperation has clearly shown its limits. We show that the pure protocols (e.g., directory-based, query-based) applied to a flat cooperation topology do not scale as well. For increasing numbers of cooperating edge servers, the amount of exchanged data necessary for cooperation augments exponentially, or the cache hit rates fall down, or both events occur. We propose and evaluate two hybrid cooperation schemes for document discovery and delivery. They are based on a semi-flat architecture that organizes the edge servers in groups and combines directory-based and query-based cooperation protocols. A large set of experimental results confirms that the combination of directory-based and query-based schemes increases the scalability of flat architectures based on pure protocols, guarantees more stable performance and tends to reduce pathologically long response times
Scalability of Cooperative algorithms for distributed architectures of proxy servers
No full textSystems consisting of multiple proxy servers are a popular solution to deal with performance and network resource utilization problems related to the growth of the Web numbers. After a first period of prevalent enthusiasm towards cooperating proxy servers, the research community is exploring in a more systematic way the real benefits and limitations of cooperative caching. Hierarchical cooperation has clearly shown its limits. We study the scalability of traditional protocols (e.g., directory-based, query-based) in flat architectures through different performance metrics and experiments using both synthetic workloads and traces. The synthetic workload is also used for sensitivity analysis with respect to various parameters while traces are used for validating our observations in a more realistic scenario.We show that ICP has a better hit rate than that of Cache Digests, but the latter has a much smaller overhead, thus making the choice between the two protocols a challenge depending on the providers’ interest: if the hit rate is the most important parameter, you should certainly choose ICP, while if you are mostly concerned with keeping the overhead low, then your choice should go to Cache Digests. In any case, both protocols show scalability problems when applied to a large number of cooperating cache servers
Context-aware provision of advanced Internet services
Full text linkThe pervasive and mobile computing scenario is characterized by the heterogeneity of devices used to access services, and by frequent changes in the user's context. This paper presents the integration of two existing frameworks into a context-aware content provisioning system oriented to mobile users. External Web contents can be automatically tailored according to a wide range of context data, including device capabilities, available bandwidth, location, user preferences. The tailoring process is human intervention free. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of our solution, we have developed a prototype location-based service that takes advantage of this architecture. © 2006 IEEE
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Retinal organization in the retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mutant mouse : a morphological and ERG study
No full textRetinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice are a model of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), identified by Chang et al. in 2002 (Vision Res. 42:517-525). These mice carry a spontaneous mutation of the rod- phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene, leading to a rod degeneration that starts around P18. Later, cones are also lost. Because photoreceptor degeneration does not overlap with retinal development, and light responses can be recorded for about a month after birth, rd10 mice mimic typical human RP more closely than the well-known rd1 mutants. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the morphology and function of the rd10 mouse retina during the period of maximum photoreceptor degeneration, thus contributing useful data for exploiting this novel model to study RP. We analyzed the morphology and survival of retinal cells in rd10 mice of various ages with quantitative immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy; we also studied retinal function with the electroretinogram (ERG), recorded between P18 and P30. We found that photoreceptor death (peaking around P25) is accompanied and followed by dendritic retraction in bipolar and horizontal cells, which eventually undergo secondary degeneration. ERG reveals alterations in the physiology of the inner retina as early as P18 (before any obvious morphological change of inner neurons) and yet consistently with a reduced band amplification by bipolar cells. Thus, changes in the rd10 retina are very similar to what was previously found in rd1 mutants. However, an overall slower decay of retinal structure and function predicts that rd10 mice might become excellent models for rescue approaches
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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