34 research outputs found
Preconditioning Triggered by Carbon Monoxide (CO) Provides Neuronal Protection Following Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
No full textPerinatal hypoxia-ischemia is a major cause of acute mortality in newborns and cognitive and motor impairments in children. Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia leads to excitotoxicity and necrotic and apoptotic cell death, in which mitochondria play a major role. Increased resistance against major damage can be achieved by preconditioning triggered by subtle insults. CO, a toxic molecule that is also generated endogenously, may have a role in preconditioning as low doses can protect against inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, the role of CO-induced preconditioning on neurons was addressed in vitro and in vivo. The effect of 1 h of CO treatment on neuronal death (plasmatic membrane permeabilization and chromatin condensation) and bcl-2 expression was studied in cerebellar granule cells undergoing to glutamate-induced apoptosis. CO's role was studied in vivo in the Rice-Vannucci model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (common carotid artery ligature +75 min at 8% oxygen). Apoptotic cells, assessed by Nissl staining were counted with a stereological approach and cleaved caspase 3-positive profiles in the hippocampus were assessed. Apoptotic hallmarks were analyzed in hippocampal extracts by Western Blot. CO inhibited excitotoxicity-induced cell death and increased Bcl-2 mRNA in primary cultures of neurons. In vivo, CO prevented hypoxia-ischemia induced apoptosis in the hippocampus, limited cytochrome c released from mitochondria and reduced activation of caspase-3. Still, Bcl-2 protein levels were higher in hippocampus of CO pre-treated rat pups. Our results show that CO preconditioning elicits a molecular cascade that limits neuronal apoptosis. This could represent an innovative therapeutic strategy for high-risk cerebral hypoxia-ischemia patients, in particular neonates.© Queiroga et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Not every photograph is authorial
No full textO objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o debate sobre autoria nafotografia, confrontando algumas dúvidas ou inexatidões extraídas do sensocomum a respeito da temática e condensadas em duas provocações: nem todofotógrafo é autor e nem toda fotografia produzida por um autor é autoral.Buscaremos em Michel Foucault, Laura González Flores e Tatiana Salem Levy,subsídios para a discussão, amparada por conceitos advindos da literatura, naqual autoria já é objeto de estudos há mais tempo.The aim of this paper is to contribute to the debate on authorship inphotography, considering some doubts or inaccuracies from commom senseabout the subject, condensed in two provocations: not every photographer is anauthor and not every photograph produced by an author is authorial. We willconsult Michel Foucault, Laura González Flores and Tatiana Salem Levy to aid ourdiscussion, supported by concepts from literature, in which authorship is studiedfor a longer time
Comparative epidemiological study of breast cancer in humans and canine mammary tumors: insights from Portugal
No full textDogs spontaneously develop mammary gland tumors (MGT) and exhibit striking similarities in clinical and epidemiological characteristics to human breast cancer (HBC). Descriptive and comparative analysis of HBC and canine MGT with a focus on evaluating similarities and geographical distribution were the aims of this study. HBC cases were obtained from North Regional Oncological Registry (RORENO) (2010–2015) and canine MGT cases from Vet-OncoNet (2019–2022). Analyses were performed based on published and well accepted classification systems (ICD-O-3.2 for humans and Vet-ICD-O-canine-1). Age-standardized incidence risks (ASIR) of Porto district municipalities were calculated using 2021 Portuguese census (INE) and data from the Portuguese animal registration system (SIAC). Among 7,674 HBC cases and 1,140 MGT cases, a similar age and sex distribution pattern was observed. Approximately 69.2% of HBC cases were between 40 and 69 years old, while 66.9% of MGT cases were diagnosed between 7 and 12 years old (mean age of 9.6 years, SD = 2.6). In women, Invasive breast carcinoma (8500/3) was the most common histological type (n = 5,679, 74%) while in dogs it was the Complex Carcinoma (8983.1/3) (n = 205, 39%). Cocker and Yorkshire Terriers exhibited the highest relative risks (3.2 and 1.6, p < 0.05, respectively) when compared to cross breed dogs. The municipalities' ASIR of the two species exhibited a high correlation (R = 0.85, p < 0.01) and the spatial cluster analysis revealed similar geographic hotspots. Also, higher ASIR values both in women and dogs were more frequently found in urbanized areas compared to rural areas. This research sheds light on the shared features and geographical correlation between HBC and canine MGT, highlighting the potential of cross-species environmental oncology studies. Copyright © 2023 Carvalho, Niza-Ribeiro, Amorim, Queiroga, Severo, Ribeiro and Pinello.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was financed through the financial support of the School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS, University of Porto. Ana Isabel Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through FCT, under the Stimulus of Scientific Employment—Individual Support programme within the contract CEECIND/02386/2018
Tratamento da Sarcoidose**Actualização de conbecimentos apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina do Porto para satisfação da Prova Complementar de Doutoramento a que se refere a alinea b) do n.o 3 do arto 8 do Decreto-Lei n. o 308/70 de 18 de Agosto.
No full textSUMMARYThe author review the current concepts in the management of sarcoidosis, namely in the most common involved tissues (lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. It is done a brief commentary about incidence, etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of sarcoid disease. It is analized the techniques useful in assessing the extent and activity of sarcoidosis (chest radiographs, high resolution computorized tomography, pulmonary function tests, serum angiotensin – converting enzyme, Gallium67 scans, bronchoalveolar lavage).Corticosteroides are generally considered to be adequated treatment of sarcoidosis, but there is no establish criterious about when to start, the minimal effective dose, the duration, and the effect of therapy on the course of the granulomatous process. All patients with respiratory symptoms, abnormal pulmonary function test and diffuse changes on chest radiographs need therapy. Generally an initial dose of 0,5mg/kg of prednisone daily during the first three months, progressively reduced to 10-15 mg/day is adequate. A course of 12 to 18 months is recommended. In patients who do not respond to tolerable doses of steroids, alternative drug therapy must be considered (methotrexate, chlorambucil, azathioprine, cyclosporine, chloroquine). Two recent therapies are under consideration: inhaled steroids and lung transplantation. It’s considered particular aspects of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis treatment (ocular, cutaneous, cardiac, neurologic, renal, gastrointestinal, hepatic, osseous) and hypercalcaemia, hypercalcinuria.Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology with diverse clinical presentation and a variable natural history. In general prognostic is good (spontaneous resolution is common). Mortality is low (4%) and pulmonary fibrosis is the most frequent cause of death
Os gestos e os paladares da mesa camiliana
No full textDissertação de Mestrado em Estudos do Património apresentada à Universidade AbertaDo ponto de vista literário a novela camiliana tem sido amplamente estudada. Camilo
Castelo Branco é um autor que nunca se esgota. Mantém uma atualidade permanente capaz de
gerar interesse não só pela obra que produziu, mas pela forma como viveu a sua época. Vida e
obra entrecruzam-se, não só porque a sua escrita reflete o que viveu e o que imaginou, mas
também porque que a literatura preencheu a sua vida. Por isso continua a instigar leitores e
investigadores a novas reinterpretações, dando origem a leituras alternativas.
A presente dissertação, realizada no âmbito do Mestrado em Estudos do Património,
da Universidade Aberta, tem como objetivo valorizar e dinamizar a herança camiliana e
ampliar o conhecimento histórico e social do tempo do escritor, através do estudo e análise
das referências alimentares e gastronómicas registadas na obra de Camilo de Castelo
Branco.The novels by Camilo Castelo Branco have been extensively studied from a literary
perspective, since this is an author that does not wear out with time. Camilo retains a
lasting actuality susceptible to captivate attention, not just centred on his novels but also on
the way he lived his time. His life and work merge together, not just because his writing
reflect his life and imagination, but mostly because his existence was filled by literature.
This continues to encourage both readers and researchers to new interpretations about his
novels, thus emerging alternative readings.
This dissertation was produced as a part of the requirements for the degree of Master
on Heritage Studies to Open University. The objective of this study is to value and
popularize Camilo's literary heritage and to improve our historical and social awareness of
the writer's epoch, this being made through the study of both food and gastronomic
references contained in his novels
