1,721,014 research outputs found
Metadata / Mayernik, Matthew
No full textLos metadatos son un preciso foco de interés de la investigación académica y la práctica profesional dentro de las disciplinas de la información, documentación y la biblioteconomía. Este artículo es una exploración de su conceptualización. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una introducción del tema desde una perspectiva de alto nivel, analizando también los principales problemas de investigación y retos aplicados. El trabajo debate las diferentes concepciones de su significado, origen y evolución como un tema dentro del campo de los datos y la información, así como la identificación de las características esenciales. Los metadatos pueden entenderse, al mismo tiempo, como proceso y como producto, siendo resultado tanto de la acción humana como de procesos automatizados. Debido al papel central que asumen hoy en día como soporte para el conocimiento - plasman evidencias - es necesario que los investigadores y profesionales del campo reflexionen críticamente sobre cuáles son nuestras prácticas con ellos y los sistemas en los que se insertan estos elementosMetadata is a precise focus of academic research and professional practice within the disciplines of information, documentation and librarianship. This article is an exploration of its conceptualisation. It introduces the subject from a high-level perspective and discusses the main research problems and applied challenges. The paper discusses the different conceptions of its meaning, origin and evolution as a topic within the field of data and information, as well as identifying the essential characteristics. Metadata can be understood as both a process and a product, being the result of both human action and automated processes. Because of the central role they assume today as a support for knowledge - they embody evidence - it is necessary for researchers and practitioners in the field to reflect critically on what our practices are with them and the systems in which these elements are embedded. Keywords: Metadata; resource description; information representation
Open science, data sharing and solidarity: who benefits?
Full text linkResearch, innovation, and progress in the life sciences are increasingly contingent on access to large quantities of data. This is one of the key premises behind the “open science” movement and the global calls for fostering the sharing of personal data, datasets, and research results. This paper reports on the outcomes of discussions by the panel “Open science, data sharing and solidarity: who benefits?” held at the 2021 Biennial conference of the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology (ISHPSSB), and hosted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL)
Data expertise and service development in geoscience data centers and academic libraries
Full text linkeScience brings the promise of advancements in scientific knowledge as well as new demands on staff who need to manage large and complex data, design user services, and enable open access. One ramification is that research institutions are extending their services and staffing to address data management concerns. As more organizations extend their operations to research data, an understanding of how to develop and support research data expertise and services is needed. How can an organization build data expertise into their staff?
This study examines how organizations develop their own data expertise and services, comparing approaches in geoscience data centers and academic libraries. Case studies of two exemplar sites are presented based on evidence from qualitative interviews and artifact collection. The case studies are extended and further informed through qualitative interviews conducted with personnel at other data centers and libraries. The study addresses how to cultivate research data expertise and staffing to support data management services. Key products include a set of expertise categories, data roles, and learning strategies. The results draw attention to the contributions that data professionals make to research projects and to ways research institutions can support data professionals and data work.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-12-01The student, Cheryl Thompson, accepted the attached license on 2017-09-28 at 17:10.The student, Cheryl Thompson, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-09-28 at 17:19.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-09-29 at 16:18.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11661 on 2018-03-13 at 09:55:13Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T15:21:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2017-09-29Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105144
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:21:19Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105144
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:25:40Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105144
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:28:52Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105144 on 2020-03-14T09:15:12Z
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Unearthing the Infrastructure: Humans and Sensors in Field-Based Scientific Research
Full text linkDistributed sensing systems for studying scientific phenomena are critical applications of information technologies. By embedding computational intelligence in the environment of study, sensing systems allow researchers to study phenomena at spatial and temporal scales that were previously impossible to achieve. We present an ethnographic study of field research practices among researchers in the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS), a National Science Foundation Science & Technology Center devoted to developing wireless sensing systems for scientific and social applications. Using the concepts of boundary objects and trading zones, we trace the processes of collaborative research around sensor technology development and adoption within CENS. Over the 10-year lifespan of CENS, sensor technologies, sensor data, field research methods, and statistical expertise each emerged as boundary objects that were understood differently by the science and technology partners. We illustrate how sensing technologies were incompatible with field-based environmental research until researchers “unearthed” their infrastructures, explicitly reintroducing human skill and expertise into the data collection process and developing new collaborative languages that emphasized building dynamic sensing systems that addressed human needs. In collaborating around a dynamic sensing model, the sensing systems became embedded not in the environment of study, but in the practices of the scientists. Status and citation: This is the revised and accepted version, prior to publisher’s copy editing. Please quote the final version: Mayernik, Matthew S., Wallis, Jillian C., & Borgman, Christine L. (In press). Unearthing the infrastructure: Humans and sensors in field-based scientific research. Journal of Computer Supported Cooperative Work. doi: 10.1007/s10606-012-9178-
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Avaliação pelos pares de conjunto de dados (datasets) : quando, porque e como em geociências ?
No full textFonte : Mayernik, Matthew S. ; Callaghan, Sarah ; Leigh, Roland ; Tedds, Jonathan . Worley, Steven. Peer Review of Datasets: When, Why, and How. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2014 ; e-View doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00083.1. Moon - Hypsometric Map layer Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_World_Wind Esse artigo mostra o papel central de avaliação pelos pares (peer-review) no sistema de comunicação cientifica e como ele pode se aplicar na avaliação da ..
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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