2,292 research outputs found
Speed of Publication of Statutes and Regulations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States
No full textExamines reasons for typical delays in publication of statutes & regulations in UK,US, & Canada. Finds US federal laws published more slowly because of time taken to add marginal notes after enactmen
Legal Citation Form: Theory and Practice
No full textSets forth 13 principles as a basis for a system of legal citation forms, and critically reviews various rules in the 13th edition of A Uniform System of Citation
sj-html-2-cpx-10.1177_21677026211071043 – Supplemental material for Covariate Selection for Estimating Individual Treatment Effects in Psychotherapy Research: A Simulation Study and Empirical Example
No full textSupplemental material, sj-html-2-cpx-10.1177_21677026211071043 for Covariate Selection for Estimating Individual Treatment Effects in Psychotherapy Research: A Simulation Study and Empirical Example by Robin Anno Wester, Julian Rubel and Axel Mayer in Clinical Psychological Science</p
sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211071043 – Supplemental material for Covariate Selection for Estimating Individual Treatment Effects in Psychotherapy Research: A Simulation Study and Empirical Example
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211071043 for Covariate Selection for Estimating Individual Treatment Effects in Psychotherapy Research: A Simulation Study and Empirical Example by Robin Anno Wester, Julian Rubel and Axel Mayer in Clinical Psychological Science</p
Age and geochemistry of metabasites of the Raabs Unit in the Moldanubian Zone of Lower Austria (Bohemian Massif)
No full textIn dieser Arbeit werden die Analysenergebnisse der Beprobungskampagnen von 2003 und 2006 an basischen Gesteinen des Waldviertels präsentiert. Insgesamt wurden elf Proben an der Universität Frankfurt von Biljana Starijaš Mayer und Axel Gerdes einer Zirkondatierung unterzogen, während viele weitere Proben an der Universität Salzburg geochemisch mittels Röntgenfluoreszenzmethodik analysiert wurden. Ziel ist es, die bisher unpublizierten Daten einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und somit zu einem besseren Verständnis der geologischen Rahmenbedingungen der Raabs-Einheit beizutragen. Eine Interpretation der Ergebnisse ist im Online-Katalog der GeoSphere Austria verfügbar mit dem Titel "Alter und Geochemie der Metabasite der Raabs Einheit im niederösterreichischen Moldanubikum (Böhmische Masse)" veröffentlicht von Andreas Mayer, Biljana Starijaš Mayer, Axel Gerdes und Fritz Finger.This paper presents the analytical results of the 2003 and 2006 sampling campaigns on basic rocks of the Waldviertel. A total of eleven samples were subjected to zircon dating by Biljana Starijaš Mayer and Axel Gerdes at the University of Frankfurt, while many other samples were analysed geochemically at the University of Salzburg using X-ray fluorescence methods.The aim of this report is to make the previously unpublished data available to a wider public and thus contribute to a better understanding of the geological framework of the Raabs unit. An interpretation of the results is available in the online catalogue of GeoSphere Austria with the title "Alter und Geochemie der Metabasite der Raabs Einheit im niederösterreichischen Moldanubikum (Böhmische Masse)" publishied from Andreas Mayer, Biljana Starijaš Mayer, Axel Gerdes und Fritz Finger.Die U-Pb Isotopenanalyse der in Harz eingegossenen und angeschliffenen Zirkone erfolgte mittels Laser und einem Sektorfeld-ICPMassenspektrometer an der Universität Frankfurt (Gerät Finnigan Element 2). Mit dieser Methode ließen sich ca. 30 µm große Domänen in den Zirkonen selektiv analysieren. Die Messpunktauswahl wurde aufgrund der zuvor erstellten CL-Bilder getroffen, wobei das Bestreben bestand, möglichst homogene und nicht alterierte Zirkonbereiche zu erfassen. Bezüglich Messtechnik und Analysegenauigkeit der Methode siehe GERDES & ZEH (2006) und FREI & GERDES (2009). Die Daten beziehen sich in der Regel auf ca. 1 kg Handstücke, welche genetisch homogen erschienen. Das Material wurde in einer Achatmühle gemahlen und anschließend einer Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse unterzogen. Zur Verwendung kam dabei ein Gerät S4 Pioneer der Firma Bruker AXS. Die erzielte Analysegenauigkeit (2 σ) ist besser als 1% (relativ) für SiO2 and Al2O3 und besser als 5% (relativ) für Elemente im 1–10 Gew. % Konzentrationsniveau. Die Hauptelementkonzentrationen sind wasserfrei gerechnet. Die Nachweisgrenze für Spurenelemente ist zumeist ca. 2-3 ppm (3 σ), die Genauigkeit der Spurenelementanalyse liegt bei 1–2 ppm bei niedrigen Konzentrationen (<10 ppm), 2–5 ppm bei Konzentrationen von 10–100 ppm und bei maximal 5% (relativ) für höhere Spurenelementkonzentrationen
Interindividual Differences in Treatment Effects Based on Structural Equation Models with Latent Variables : An EffectLiteR Tutorial
No full textMayer A, Zimmermann J, Hoyer J, et al. Interindividual Differences in Treatment Effects Based on Structural Equation Models with Latent Variables: An EffectLiteR Tutorial. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 2020;27(5):798-816.The investigation of interindividual differences in the effects of a treatment is challenging, because many constructs-of-interest in psychological research such as depression or anxiety are latent variables and modeling heterogeneity in treatment effects requires interactions and potentially non-linear relationships. In this paper, we present a tutorial of the EffectLiteR approach that allows for estimating individual treatment effects based on latent variable models. We describe step by step how to apply the approach using the EffectLiteR software package with data from the multicenter randomized controlled trial of the Social Phobia Psychotherapy Network (SOPHO-NET) and provide guidelines and recommendations for researchers. The focus of the paper is on explaining the results of a comprehensive effect analysis in an accessible language and on highlighting the opportunities the EffectLiteR approach offers for analyzing interindividual differences in treatment effects
Normative reconstruction and social character of freedom in Axel Honneth
Full text linkO presente objeto de pesquisa busca proceder ao estudo e identificação dos traços essenciais envolvidos na abordagem teórica das relações sociais e políticas trazidas na obra O Direito da Liberdade do filósofo alemão Axel Honneth. Faz-se uma análise da influência hegeliana sobre o conceito de liberdade, assim como dos fatores relacionados com o suprimento das carências subjetivas, mediadas pelas diferentes “esferas” sociais. Honneth, assim, procura trazer à tona a compreensão de um novo modelo de liberdade advindo da Filosofia do Direito de Hegel, o qual se distingue substancialmente dos modelos tradicionais. O autor busca evidenciar a limitação das teorias da justiça de tradição liberal, invocando a necessidade de uma visão integrada das relações sociais experimentadas nas esferas referidas por Hegel, concebendo-se uma experiência concreta de liberdade social. Nesse sentido, evidencia-se o caráter interdisciplinar e emancipatório do método de reconstrução normativa como base teórica para a justificação pública nas sociedades modernas.This research object aims to study and identify the essential traits involved in the theoretical approach of social and political relations brought in the work Freedom’s Right by the german philosopher Axel Honneth. It analyses the hegelian influence on the concept of freedom, as well as the factors related to the supply of subjective needs, mediated by the different social "spheres". Honneth thus seeks to bring to light the understanding of a new model of freedom stemming from Hegel’s Philosophy of Law, which differs substantially from traditional models. The author seeks to highlight the limitation of liberal theories of justice, invoking the need for an integrated view of the social relations experienced in the spheres referred to by Hegel, conceiving a concrete experience of social freedom. In this sense, the interdisciplinary and emancipatory character of the normative reconstruction method is evidenced, as a theorical basis for public justification in modern societies
Average treatment effects on binary outcomes with stochastic covariates
No full textAbstract When evaluating the effect of psychological treatments on a dichotomous outcome variable in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), covariate adjustment using logistic regression models is often applied. In the presence of covariates, average marginal effects (AMEs) are often preferred over odds ratios, as AMEs yield a clearer substantive and causal interpretation. However, standard error computation of AMEs neglects sampling‐based uncertainty (i.e., covariate values are assumed to be fixed over repeated sampling), which leads to underestimation of AME standard errors in other generalized linear models (e.g., Poisson regression). In this paper, we present and compare approaches allowing for stochastic (i.e., randomly sampled) covariates in models for binary outcomes. In a simulation study, we investigated the quality of the AME and stochastic‐covariate approaches focusing on statistical inference in finite samples. Our results indicate that the fixed‐covariate approach provides reliable results only if there is no heterogeneity in interindividual treatment effects (i.e., presence of treatment–covariate interactions), while the stochastic‐covariate approaches are preferable in all other simulated conditions. We provide an illustrative example from clinical psychology investigating the effect of a cognitive bias modification training on post‐traumatic stress disorder while accounting for patients' anxiety using an RCT
n-3 fatty acid-enriched parenteral nutrition regimens in elective surgical and ICU patients: a meta-analysis
Full text linkIntroduction: Previous studies and a meta-analysis in surgical patients indicate that supplementing parenteral nutrition regimens with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is associated with improved laboratory and clinical outcomes in the setting of hyper-inflammatory conditions. Refined or synthetic fish oils are commonly used as a source of EPA and DHA. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate n-3 PUFA-enriched parenteral nutrition regimens in elective surgical and intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Methods: Medline was searched for randomized controlled trials comparing n-3 PUFA-enriched lipid emulsions with standard non-enriched lipid emulsions (i.e. soybean oil, MCT/LCT or olive/soybean oil emulsions) in surgical and ICU patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Extracted data were pooled by means of both random and fixed effects models, and subgroup analyses were carried forward to compare findings in ICU versus non-ICU patients.Results: A total of 23 studies (n = 1502 patients: n = 762 admitted to the ICU) were included. No statistically significant difference in mortality rate was found between patients receiving n-3 PUFA-enriched lipid emulsions and those receiving standard lipid emulsions (RR= 0.89; 0.59, 1.33), possibly reflecting a relatively low underlying mortality risk. However, n-3 PUFA-enriched emulsions are associated with a statistically and clinically significant reduction in the infection rate (RR =0.61; 0.45, 0.84) and the lengths of stay, both in the ICU (-1.92; -3.27, -0.58) and in hospital overall (-3.29; -5.13, -1.45). Other beneficial effects included reduced markers of inflammation, improved lung gas exchange, liver function, antioxidant status and fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, and a trend towards less impairment of kidney function.Conclusions: These results confirm and extend previous findings, indicating that n-3 PUFAs-enriched parenteral nutrition regimens are safe and effective in reducing the infection rate and hospital/ICU stay in surgical and ICU patients. © 2012 Pradelli et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
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