1,720,957 research outputs found
Un déclic est-il nécessaire pour se soucier de l’environnement ?
No full textUn choc, une épiphanie puis, soudain, un changement de mode de vie. Ce scénario est bien ancré dans nos imaginaires mais pas si fréquent dans la réalité
Massification des déchets : circulez, il n'y a rien à voir ?
No full textLa présence des déchets dans l’espace public dérange, en révélant notre intimité et nos choix de vie que nous peinons à rendre plus écologiques
La responsabilisation des usagers, une modalité contestée de gouvernance des déchets ménagers : Étude de la réception d’une politique locale de réduction des déchets par la population ciblée
No full textL’émergence, depuis près d’une décennie, d’enjeux écologiques associés à la réduction des déchets, entraîne la mise en place de politiques locales incitatives par les collectivités en responsabilité de la collecte et du traitement des déchets ménagers. Ces politiques visent à écologiser la gestion des déchets des ménages, par l’usage d’instruments d’action publique de diverses natures : informationnels, tarifaires et techniques. L’étude sociologique, par entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès des habitants, de la mise en place d’une telle politique dans un territoire rural et précaire permet de mettre en lumière une réception contestée de la part de la population. Les résistances sont de natures multiples : tout d’abord, le service public des déchets n’est pas perçu comme un acteur dont les injonctions au changement de comportement au quotidien sont légitimes, car sa probité est remise en cause dans le même temps par l’organisation et l’efficacité de l’industrie du recyclage. Ensuite, la tarification incitative est largement perçue comme une facture supplémentaire injuste, car ce financement ne comporte pas de logique redistributive. Enfin, la mise en place de l’apport volontaire de tous les flux de déchets est largement vécue comme le retrait d’un des derniers services de proximité en zone rurale. Bien que l’on puisse croire que ce sentiment de rejet se focalise contre l’écologisation de l’action publique des déchets, il est bien plus orienté en fait vers la réorganisation de la collectivité territoriale étudiée, démontrant la centralité des questions de communication et de fiscalité du service public dans les réponses politiques à la crise écologique.The emergence, over the past decade or so, of ecological issues associated with waste reduction has led to the implementation of local incentive policies by local authorities responsible for the collection and treatment of household waste. These policies are aimed at greening household waste management, using public action instruments of various kinds: informational, pricing and technical. A sociological study, based on semi-directive interviews with residents, of the implementation of such a policy in a rural and precarious area, sheds light on a contested reception on the part of the population. Resistance is multi-faceted: first, the public waste service is not perceived as a legitimate actor to formulate injunctions to change everyday behavior, as its probity is called into question at the same time as the organization and efficiency of the recycling industry. Secondly, incentive-based invoicing is widely perceived as an unfair additional bill, as this type of financing lacks a redistributive logic. Finally, the introduction of voluntary drop-off for all waste streams is widely perceived as the withdrawal of one of the last local services in rural areas. While one might think that this feeling of rejection is focused against the greening of public action on waste, it is much more oriented towards the reorganization of the local authority studied, demonstrating the centrality of issues of communication and taxation of public service in political responses to the ecological crisis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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