43 research outputs found
Juvenile delinquency and the recruitment of low-income young people by drug trafficking gangs in the Pascuales sector/Guayaquil (Ecuador)
No full textProjeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Criminologia.El presente proyecto de grado analiza el fenómeno de la delincuencia juvenil y el reclutamiento de jóvenes adolescentes por parte de las bandas narcotraficantes en el sector de Pascuales/Guayaquil-Ecuador. Partiendo desde el reconocimiento de que la violencia y las bandas criminales han aumentado dentro de la zona entre 2019 y 2023, Ecuador fue testigo del aumento de un 640%, lo cual indica una gran escalada en la violencia juvenil, afectando específicamente a los jóvenes que viven en situación de pobreza, desintegración en la familia, la exclusión educativa y la falta de oportunidades laborales. Utilizando el enfoque metodológico cualitativo para la realización del proyecto de investigación, combinando el análisis de las fuentes oficiales con entrevistas a jóvenes y padres de familia o adultos responsables, identificando los principales factores que predisponen a los jóvenes a integrarse a las bandas narcotraficantes. Asimismo, se utilizan como guía de interpretación teorías criminológicas como las teorías sobre la delincuencia juvenil, las teorías del conflicto y la marginalidad, las teorías sobre el crimen organizado y narcotráfico y la teoría de la asociación diferencial. Los resultados que se busca obtener por medio de la investigación son evidenciar que el reclutamiento juvenil no es un hecho aislado, sino una consecuencia directa de una estructura social desigual y de la ausencia del Estado dentro de la zona. Para concluir, se procura demostrar la importancia y la urgencia de implementar políticas públicas integrales que busquen la prevención, la educación, la inclusión laboral y el fortalecimiento comunitario, para contrarrestar así el creciente reclutamiento de menores por parte de las bandas narcotraficantes.This thesis analyzes the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and the recruitment of young adolescents by drug trafficking gangs in the Pascuales/Guayaquil sector, Ecuador. Recognizing that violence and criminal gangs have increased within the region between 2019 and 2023, Ecuador witnessed a 640% increase, indicating a significant escalation in youth violence, specifically affecting young people living in poverty, family disintegration, educational exclusion, and lack of job opportunities. Using a qualitative methodological approach, combining the analysis of official sources with interviews with young people and parents or responsible adults, the study identifies the main factors that predispose young people to join drug trafficking gangs. Likewise, criminological theories such as theories of juvenile delinquency, conflict and marginalization, organized crime and drug trafficking, and differential association are used as guides for interpretation and understanding. The research aims to demonstrate that youth recruitment is not an isolated incident, but rather a direct consequence of an unequal social structure, highlighting the absence of the state within the region. To conclude, the aim is to demonstrate the importance and urgency of implementing comprehensive public policies that seek prevention, education, job inclusion, and community strengthening to counter the growing recruitment of minors by drug trafficking gangs
Modelo de implantação de informática na educação segundo uma visão sistêmica apoiada na gestão de mudanças
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.O CGI (Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil) (2006), PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílios) (2005) e Censo Escolar (2005) apontam para uma realidade onde, apesar dos recentes esforços de vários governos, aproximadamente, 54% da população brasileira nunca usou um computador e 67% nunca navegou na Internet. Apenas 19% dos domicílios possuem computador e somente 25% das escolas básicas possuem computadores ligados à Internet. A situação é ainda mais grave quando se identifica que, mesmo nas escolas com conexão e computadores, muitas das salas de informática ficam trancadas e tornam-se alvo de sucateamento e furto de equipamentos, em geral, pela falta de formação dos professores ou pela ausência de uma política educacional que pressuponha as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC ) como instrumento pedagógico. A democratização do acesso aos produtos tecnológicos e a inclusão digital é um desafio para a sociedade atual e requer esforços e mudanças na área educacional. Este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento e experimentação de um modelo sistêmico de informatização educacional de escolas, que enfatize a implantação da informática educacional em uma abordagem de gestão de mudança, através de ações voltadas ao contexto especifico do ambiente de atuação, de maneira a gerir e integrar aspectos sociais, gerenciais e tecnológicos que contribuam, direta e indiretamente, para a mudança desejada. Nesse processo de integração, a estratégia de incorporação tecnológica leva em conta a visão social da organização, evidenciando o entendimento da escola como um sistema sócio-técnico. Nesta visão, é através da integração dos elementos da comunidade escolar que se viabiliza que as TIC consigam adquirir um estatuto de instrumento educacional, sendo internalizadas pelos atores do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Neste modelo, o enfoque sistêmico, pressupõe uma constante validação e atualização (auto-regulação), onde é possível recuperar defasagens oriundas de momentos anteriores do processo através de um constante feedback. O modelo e as nuances permitem balizar decisões no momento de definição, implantação, acompanhamento e repetição do processo. The CGI (Brazil Internet Management Committee) (2006), PNAD (National Research for Sample Home) (2005) e School Census (2005) point to a reality where, although the recent efforts of some governments, 54% of Brazilian people never used a computer and 67% never accessed the Internet. Only 19% of the homes have a computer and only 25% of the basic schools have computer with access to the Internet. The situation is even more serious when is identified that even in the schools with connection and computers, many of the computer rooms are locked and become target of trashing and equipment robery, usually, because the lack of formation of the teachers or the absence of educational politics that understand the technologies of computer science and communication as a pedagogical instrument. The democratization of the access to the technological products and the digital inclusion are a challenge to the current society and require efforts and changes in the educational area. This work aims at the development and experimentation of a systemic model of educational computerization of schools, that emphasizes the implantation of educational computer science in focus of change management, through actions faced to the specific context of the working environment, in way to manage and integrate social aspects, managemental and technological, that contribute direct and indirect ways, to the desired change. In this process of integration, the strategy of technological incorporation care about the social vision of the organization, evidencing the understanding of the school as a system partner-technician. In this vision, it is through the integration of the elements of the school community that makes possible that the technologies of computer science and communication achieve a statute of educational instrument, being internalized for the actors of the process teach-learning. In this model, the systemic approach, estimates a constant validation and update (self-regulation), where is possible to recover from imbalance derived from previous moments of the process through a constant feedback. The model and its variables allow to demarcate decisions in the definition moment, implantation, accompaniment and repetition of the process
Melatonin stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques: an association that should be clinically sploited
No full textAuthor contributions:
RR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft. RS: Data curation, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing. AR: Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing. FS: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing. AD-R: Data curation, Validation, Writing – review & editing. DC: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing.Atherosclerosis is the underlying factor in the premature death of millions of humans annually. The cause of death is often a result of the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by the discharge of the associated molecular debris into the vessel lumen which occludes the artery leading to ischemia of downstream tissue and to morbidity or mortality of the individual. This is most serious when it occurs in the heart (heart attack) or brain (stroke). Atherosclerotic plaques are classified as either soft, rupture-prone, or hard, rupture resistant. Melatonin, the production of which diminishes with age, has major actions in converting soft to hard plaques. Experimentally, melatonin reduces the ingrowth of capillaries from the tunica media into the plaque relieving pressure on the plaque, reducing intraplaque hemorrhage and limiting the size of the necrotic core. Moreover, melatonin promotes the formation of collagen by invading vascular smooth muscle cells which strengthen the plaque crown making it resistant to rupture.
Melatonin is also a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent such that is reduces oxidative damage to tissues associated with the plaque and limits inflammation both of which contribute to plaque cap weakness. Additional benefits of melatonin relative to atherosclerosis is inhibition of adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface, limiting the invasion of monocytes into the arterial intima, and reducing the conversion of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Given the high physiological and financial cost of cardiac and neural ischemic events, this information should be given high priority in the clinical settingDepto. de Farmacología y ToxicologíaFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu
The political and military career of General Anastasio Bustamente (1780-1853)
No full textAnastasio Bustamante was born in the modern day state of Michoacan in
1780. He served the Royalist Army during the insurgency (1810-1821). He was one
of the first officers to adhere to Agustin de Iturbide's Plan of Iguala in 1821, and a
signatory of the Act of Independence (28 September 1821). He was a member of
Mexico's first independent government, the Junta Provisional Gubernativa (1821-
1822) and served as the Captain General of the Eastern and Western Internal
Provinces during Iturbide's short-lived reign as Emperor (1822-1823). He served as
the Commander General of the Eastern Interior Provinces between 1826 and 1829. In
1829 he became Vice-President of the Republic. In December 1829 he led a
successful rebellion against the incumbent President, Vicente Guerrero. He served as
acting Head of the Executive between 1830 and 1832. In 1837 he was elected
President. He occupied this position until 1841. He commanded the troops of the
Western Division during the war with the United States (1846-1848). Between 1848
and 1849, he oversaw the pacification of one of the many rebellions of the Sierra
Gorda (now the Sierra de Queretaro). He died in Guanajuato in 1853, aged 73.
This study examines Bustamante's military and political career. It rejects the
traditional interpretation of the General, which portrays him as a weak and indecisive
man lacking in any real political principles. Instead, it argues that Bustamante was a
resolute and pragmatic leader, who supported the cause of moderate federalism for
most of his career
Clinical characteristics and predictors of complications and mortality in hospitalized octogenarian patients with COVID-19: an ambispective study
No full text© The Author(s) 2024Objective. This study aimed to describe the clinical presentation of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients aged 80 or above and to identify predictors for death and complications throughout the epidemic waves of the disease. Methods. This was an observational, multicenter, ambispective study conducted between March 2020 and August 2021 using data collected in five centers from southern metropolitan area of Barcelona (COVID-MetroSud cohort). Patients were grouped based on the pandemic waves of inclusion in the registry. We conducted a descriptive analysis, followed by bivariate and multivariate analyses (binary logistic regression) to identify predictors of risk for death or complications. Results. A total of 1192 patients (mean [SD] age 85.7 [4.22] years and 46.8% female) were included. The most frequently reported symptoms in all waves were fever (63.1%), cough (56.5%), dyspnea (48.2%), and asthenia (27.5%). Laboratory and radiological findings consistently showed abnormal bilateral chest X-ray results (72.5% of patients) and elevated inflammatory markers such as lactate dehydrogenase (mean [SD] 335 [188] U/L), C-reactive protein (CRP) (mean [SD] 110 [88.4] U/L), and ferritin (mean [SD] 842 [1561] U/L). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (43.7%), renal failure (19.2%), and delirium (17.5%) were the most frequent complications. The overall mortality rate was 41.4% and declined across the epidemic waves. Age, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, dyspnea, and higher baseline levels of creatinine were identified as risk factors for complications, while a higher Barthel index and presence of cough were found to be protective. Age, dyspnea, abnormal bilateral chest X-ray, CRP, and sodium were identified as risk factors for death. Conclusions. This study demonstrates the clinical presentation of COVID-19 (fever, cough, dyspnea, and asthenia) and the different risk factors for mortality and complications in octogenarian hospitalized patients throughout the pandemic. These findings could be highly valuable for managing future virus pandemics.We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. MetroSud Study group: Carlota Gudiol, Judit Aranda-Lobo, Montserrat Sanmartí, Encarna Moreno, Maria C Alvarez, Ana Faura, Martha González, Paula Cruz, Mireia Colom, Andrea Perez, Laura Serrano, Sebastià Videla. Divine Study group: Mireia Besalú, Erik Cobo, Jordi Cortés, Daniel Fernández, Leire Garmendia, Guadalupe Gómez, Pilar Hereu, Klaus Langohr, Núria Pérez-Álvarez, Xavier Piulachs. Natàlia Pallares, Cristian Tebé, Mireia Besalú, Erik Cobo, Jordi Cortés, Daniel Fernández, Klaus Langohr, Núria Pérez-Álvarez, Xavier Piulachs, Guadalupe Gómez were partially supported by Departament de Recerca i Universitats (Generalitat de Catalunya) [2021 SGR 01421]. The authors thank the i2e3 team (Barcelona, Spain) and especially Sara Gutierrez, Ph.D., and Sara Cervantes, Ph.D., for providing medical writing support.Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 16 autors/es: Marta Arroyo-Huidobro, Natàlia Pallarès Fontanet, Cristian Tebé Cordomí, Antonella F. Simonetti, Carlos Pérez-López, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso, Alexander Rombauts, Isabel Oriol Bermudez, Elisenda Izquierdo, Vicente Díaz-Brito, Gemma Molist, Guadalupe Gómez Melis, Sebastian Videla, Alfons López Soto, Jordi Carratalà & Alejandro Rodriguez Molinero, On behalf of MetroSud and Divine Study Group.Postprint (published version
Transposable element-rich regions in genomes of Neocosmospora clinical isolates
No full textTransposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA elements that can integrate into new genomic locations, contributing to the genome plasticity of fungi. Tes are classified into retrotransposons and DNA transposons based on their transposition intermediate. In some fungal pathogens, regions with a high proportion of TEs are associated with putative virulence factors. Neocosmospora is a trans-kingdom pathogen that can infect plants, animals, and humans. To our knowledge, no previous study has analyzed the genomes of Neocosmospora clinical isolates. For that reason, this project aimed to characterize transposable elements in the genomes of Neocosmospora spp. clinical isolates and compare them with non-clinical isolates. To achieve this goal, we sequenced and assembled genomes of Neocosmospora clinical isolates and used contiguous assemblies of other isolates available in GenBank. We identified and classified TEs on these genomes, and identified and characterized the genes associated with TE-rich regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has sequenced and analyzed the genome assemblies of clinical isolates of Neocosmospora and provided the first genome assemblies of N. petroliphila and N. lichenicola. We found that there is a high variance in TEs content both within and between species. Also, TE-rich regions are associated with putative genes related to biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs), azole resistance, and the acquisition of nitrogen, iron, zinc, and copper. Based on our results, we hypothesized that 1) compartmentalization of Neocosmospora core chromosomes based on changes in TEs distribution could be more relevant than LS-chromosomes in lifestyle adaptation; and 2) TE de-repression in Neocosmospora could be mediated by nutrient starvation.Facultad de ciencias de la Universidad de los Andes a través del proyecto INV-2021-127-2264Magíster en Biología ComputacionalMaestríaFusaroidesGenomic
Transposable element-rich regions in genomes of Neocosmospora clinical isolates
No full textTransposable elements (TEs) are repetitive DNA elements that can integrate into new genomic locations, contributing to the genome plasticity of fungi. Tes are classified into retrotransposons and DNA transposons based on their transposition intermediate. In some fungal pathogens, regions with a high proportion of TEs are associated with putative virulence factors. Neocosmospora is a trans-kingdom pathogen that can infect plants, animals, and humans. To our knowledge, no previous study has analyzed the genomes of Neocosmospora clinical isolates. For that reason, this project aimed to characterize transposable elements in the genomes of Neocosmospora spp. clinical isolates and compare them with non-clinical isolates. To achieve this goal, we sequenced and assembled genomes of Neocosmospora clinical isolates and used contiguous assemblies of other isolates available in GenBank. We identified and classified TEs on these genomes, and identified and characterized the genes associated with TE-rich regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has sequenced and analyzed the genome assemblies of clinical isolates of Neocosmospora and provided the first genome assemblies of N. petroliphila and N. lichenicola. We found that there is a high variance in TEs content both within and between species. Also, TE-rich regions are associated with putative genes related to biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs), azole resistance, and the acquisition of nitrogen, iron, zinc, and copper. Based on our results, we hypothesized that 1) compartmentalization of Neocosmospora core chromosomes based on changes in TEs distribution could be more relevant than LS-chromosomes in lifestyle adaptation; and 2) TE de-repression in Neocosmospora could be mediated by nutrient starvation.Facultad de ciencias de la Universidad de los Andes a través del proyecto INV-2021-127-2264Magíster en Biología ComputacionalMaestríaFusaroidesGenomic
Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in men are risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 vulnerability in the elderly
No full text* SCOURGE Cohort Group
Javier Abellan15,16; René Acosta-Isaac17; Jose María Aguado18,19,20,21; Carlos Aguilar22; Sergio
Aguilera-Albesa23,24; Abdolah Ahmadi Sabbagh25; Jorge Alba26; Sergiu Albu27,28,29; Karla A.M.
Alcalá-Gallardo30; Julia Alcoba-Florez31; Sergio Alcolea Batres32; Holmes Rafael AlgarinLara33,34; Virginia Almadana35; Kelliane A. Medeiros36,37; Julia Almeida38,39; Berta Almoguera40,3;
María R. Alonso41; Nuria Alvarez41; Rodolfo Alvarez-Sala Walther32; Yady Álvarez-Benítez33,34;
Felipe Álvarez-Navia42,43; Katiusse A. dos Santos44; Álvaro Andreu-Bernabeu45,20; Maria Rosa
Antonijoan46; Eleno Martínez-Aquino47; Eunate Arana-Arri48,49; Carlos Aranda50,51; Celso
Arango45,52,20; Carolina Araque53,54; Nathalia K. Araujo55; Ana C. Arcanjo56,57,58; Ana Arnaiz59,60;
Francisco Arnalich Fernández61; María J. Arranz62; José Ramon Arribas Lopez61; Maria-Jesus
Artiga63; Yubelly Avello-Malaver64; Carmen Ayuso40,3; Belén Ballina Martín25; Raúl C. BaptistaRosas65,66,67; Ana María Baldion64; Andrea Barranco-Díaz34; María Barreda- Sánchez68,69;
Viviana Barrera-Penagos64; Moncef Belhassen-Garcia70,43; David Bernal-Bello71; Enrique
Bernal68; Joao F. Bezerra72; Marcos A.C. Bezerra73; Natalia Blanca-López74; Rafael Blancas75;
Lucía Boix-Palop76; Alberto Borobia77; Elsa Bravo78; María Brion79,80; Óscar Brochado-Kith81;
Ramón Brugada82,83,80,84; Matilde Bustos85; Alfonso Cabello86; Alejandro Cáceres4,5; Juan J.
Caceres-Agra87; Esther Calbo76; Enrique J. Calderón88,6,89; Shirley Camacho90; Francisco C.
Ceballos81; Yolanda Cañadas51; Cristina Carbonell42,43; Servando Cardona-Huerta91; Maria
Sanchez Carpintero50,51; Carlos Carpio Segura32; José Antonio Carrillo-Avila92; Marcela C.
Campos56; Carlos Casasnovas93,94,3; Luis Castano48,95,3,96,97; Carlos F. Castaño50,51; Jose E.
Castelao98; Aranzazu Castellano Candalija99; María A. Castillo90; Walter G. ChavesSantiago100,54; Sylena Chiquillo-Gómez33,34; Marco A. Cid-Lopez30; Oscar CienfuegosJimenez91; Rosa Conde-Vicente101; Gabriela C.R. Cunha102; M. Lourdes Cordero-Lorenzana103;
Dolores Corella104,105; Almudena Corrales106,107; Jose L. Cortes-Sanchez91,108; Marta Corton40,3;
Karla S.C. Souza109; Fabiola T.C. Silva56; Raquel Cruz8,3,9,10; Luisa Cuesta110; Nathali A.C.
Tavares111; Maria C.C. Carvalho112; David Dalmau62,76; Raquel C.S. Dantas-Komatsu113; M.
Teresa Darnaude114; Raimundo de Andrés115; Carmen de Juan116; Juan De la Cruz
Troca117,118,6; Carmen de la Horra89; Ana B. de la Hoz48; Alba De Martino-Rodríguez119,120;
Marina S. Cruz121; Julianna Lys de Sousa Alves Neri122; Victor del Campo-Pérez123; Juan
Delgado-Cuesta124; Aranzazu Diaz de Bustamante114; Anderson Díaz-Pérez34; Beatriz Dietl76;
Silvia Diz-de Almeida3,10; Manoella do Monte Alves125,126; Elena Domínguez-Garrido127; Lidia S.
Rosa128; Andre D. Luchessi129; Jose Echave-Sustaeta130; Rocío Eiros131; César O. EncisoOlivera53,54; Gabriela Escudero132; Pedro Pablo España133; Gladys Mercedes Estigarribia
Sanabria134; María Carmen Fariñas59,60,135; Ramón Fernández59,136; Lidia FernandezCaballero40,3; Ana Fernández-Cruz137; Silvia Fernández Ferrero25; Yolanda Fernández
Martínez25; María J. Fernandez-Nestosa138; Uxía Fernández-Robelo139; Amanda FernándezRodríguez81; Marta Fernández-Sampedro59,135,60; Ruth Fernández40,3; Tania Fernández-Villa140;
Carmen Fernéndez Capitán99; Antonio Augusto F. Carioca141; Patricia Flores-Pérez142; Lácides
Fuenmayor-Hernández34; Marta Fuertes Núñez25; Victoria Fumadó143; Ignacio Gadea144; Lidia
Gagliardi50,51; Manuela Gago-Domínguez13,9; Natalia Gallego11; Cristina Galoppo145; Ana
García-Soidán146; Carlos Garcia Cerrada15,16; Aitor García-de-Vicuña48,95; Josefina GarciaGarcía68; Irene García-García77; Carmen García-Ibarbia59,135,60; Andrés C. García-Montero147;
Leticia García50,51; Mercedes García50,51; María Carmen García Torrejón148,16; Inés García40,3;
Elisa García-Vázquez68; Emiliano Garza-Frias91; Angela Gentile145; Belén Gil-Fournier149;
Jéssica N.G. de Araújo150; Mario Gómez-Duque100,54; Javier Gómez-Arrue119,120; Luis Gómez
Carrera32; María Gómez García151; Ángela Gómez Sacristán152; Juan R. González4,5,6,14; Anna
González-Neira41; Beatriz González Álvarez119,120; Fernan Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quirós153;
Rafaela González-Montelongo154; Javier González-Peñas45,20,52; Manuel Gonzalez-Sagrado101;
Hugo Gonzalo Benito155; Oscar Gorgojo-Galindo156; Miguel Górgolas86; Florencia Guaragna145;
Jessica G. Chaux54; Encarna Guillen-Navarro68,157,158,159; Beatriz Guillen-Guio106; Pablo
Guisado-Vasco130; Luz D. Gutierrez-Castañeda160,54; Juan F. Gutiérrez-Bautista161; Sara HeiliFrades162; Rafael H. Jacomo163; Estefania Hernandez164; Cristina Hernández Moro25; Luis D.
Hernandez-Ortega165,166; Guillermo Hernández-Pérez42; Rebeca Hernández-Vaquero167; Belen
Herraez41; M. Teresa Herranz68; María Herrera50,51; María José Herrero168,169; Antonio HerreroGonzalez170; Juan P. Horcajada171,172,28,173; Natale Imaz-Ayo48; Maider IntxaustiUrrutibeaskoa174; Antonio Íñigo-Campos154; María Íñiguez175; Rubén Jara68; Ángel Jiménez50,51;
Ignacio Jiménez-Alfaro176; Pilar Jiménez161; María A. Jimenez-Sousa81; Iolanda Jordan177,178,6;
Rocío Laguna-Goya179,180; Daniel Laorden32; María Lasa-Lazaro179,180; María Claudia Lattig90,181;
Ailen Lauriente145; Anabel Liger Borja182; Lucía Llanos183; Amparo López-Bernús42,43; Miguel
It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
(which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.19.20071357; this version posted February 18, 2022. The copyright holder for this preprint
López de Heredia3
; Esther Lopez-Garcia117,118,6,184; Eduardo López Granados185,186,3; Rosario
Lopez-Rodriguez40,3; Miguel A. López-Ruz187,188,189; Leonardo Lorente190; José M. LorenzoSalazar154; José E. Lozano191; María Lozano-Espinosa182; Ignacio Mahillo192,193,107; Esther
Mancebo179,180; Carmen Mar133; Cristina Marcelo Calvo99; Alba Marcos-Delgado194; Miguel
Marcos42,43; Alicia Marín Candon77; Pablo Mariscal Aguilar32; Laura Martin-Pedraza74; Marta
Martin-Fernandez195; Caridad Martín-López182; José-Ángel Martín-Oterino42,43; María Dolores
Martín196; Vicente Martín194,6; María M. Martín197; María Martín-Vicente81; Amalia Martinez198;
Óscar Martínez-González75; Ricardo Martínez164; Pedro Martinez-Paz155; Covadonga M. DiazCaneja45,52,20; Oscar Martinez-Nieto64,181; Iciar Martinez-Lopez199,200; Michel F. MartinezResendez91; Silvia Martínez59,135; Juan José Martinez94,3; Angel Martinez-Perez201; Andrea
Martínez-Ramas40,3; Violeta Martínez Robles25; Laura Marzal40,3; Juliana F. Mazzeu202,203,204;
Francisco J. Medrano88,6,89; Xose M. Meijome205,206; Natalia Mejuto-Montero207; Ingrid Mendes3
;
Alice L. Duarte109; Ana Méndez-Echevarria208; Humberto Mendoza Charris78,34; Eleuterio
Merayo Macías209; Fátima Mercadillo210; Arieh R. Mercado-Sesma165,166; Pablo Minguez40,3;
Elena Molina-Roldán211; Antonio J J. Molina194; Juan José Montoya164; Susana M.T.
Pinho36,212,213; Patricia Moreira-Escriche116; Xenia Morelos-Arnedo78,34; Rocío Moreno3
; Victor
Moreno Cuerda15,16; Antonio Moreno-Docón68; Junior Moreno-Escalante34; Alberto Moreno
Fernández99; Patricia Muñoz García214,107,20; Pablo Neira145; Julian Nevado3,11,12; Israel NietoGañán146; Vivian N. Silbiger129; Rocio Nuñez- Torres41; Antònia Obrador-Hevia215,216; J. Gonzalo
Ocejo-Vinyals59,135; Virginia Olivar145; Silviene F. Oliveira56,217,204,218; Lorena Ondo40,3; Alberto
Orfao38,39; Eva Ortega-Paino63; Luis Ortega219; Rocio Ortiz-Lopez91; Fernando Ortiz-Flores59,135;
José A. Oteo26,175; Manuel Pacheco164; Fredy Javier Pacheco-Miranda34; Irene Padilla Conejo25;
Sonia Panadero-Fajardo92; Mara Parellada45,52,20; Roberto Pariente-Rodríguez146; Vicente
Friaza6,89; Estela Paz-Artal179,180,220; Germán Peces-Barba221,107; Miguel S. Pedromingo Kus222;
Celia Perales144; Ney P.C. Santos223; Genilson P. Guegel224; Perez Maria Jazmin145; Alexandra
Perez82,80; Patricia Pérez-Matute175; César Pérez225; Gustavo Perez-de-Nanclares48,95; Felipe
Pérez-García226,227; Patricia Perez228; Luis A. Pérez-Jurado1,2,3; M. Elena Pérez-Tomás68;
Teresa Perucho229; Lisbeth A. Pichardo25; Adriana P. Ribeiro36,37,213; Mel·lina Pinsach-Abuin82,80;
Luz Adriana Pinzón100,54; Jeane F.P. Medeiros230; Guillermo Pita41; Francesc Pla-Junca231,3;
Laura Planas-Serra94,3; Ericka N. Pompa-Mera232; Gloria L. Porras-Hurtado164; Aurora
Pujol94,3,233; María Eugenia Quevedo Chávez33,34; Maria Angeles Quijada46,234; Inés Quintela8
;
Soraya Ramiro León149; Pedro Rascado Sedes235; Joana F.R. Nunes56; Delia Recalde119,120;
Emma Recio-Fernández175; Salvador Resino81; Renata R. Sousa213,236; Carlos S. RivadeneiraChamorro54; Diana Roa-Agudelo64; Montserrat Robelo Pardo235; Marianne R. Fernandes223,237;
María A. Rodriguez-Hernandez85; Agustí Rodriguez-Palmero238,94; Emilio Rodríguez-Ruiz235,9;
Marilyn Johanna Rodriguez54; Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo117,118,6,184; Marena RodríguezFerrer34; Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego239,240; José A. Rodriguez-Garcia25; Belén Rodríguez Maya15;
Antonio Rodriguez-Nicolas161; German Ezequiel Rodriguez Novoa145; Paula A. RodriguezUrrego64; Federico Rojo241,242; Andrea Romero-Coronado34; Rubén Morilla89,243; Filomeno
Rondón García25; Antonio Rosales-Castillo244; Cladelis Rubio245; María Rubio Olivera50,51;
Francisco Ruiz-Cabello161,188,246; Eva Ruiz-Casares229; Juan J. Ruiz-Cubillan59,135; Javier RuizHornillos247,51,248; Montserrat Ruiz94,3; Pablo Ryan249,250,251; Hector D. Salamanca53,54; Lorena
Salazar-García90; Giorgina Gabriela Salgueiro Origlia 99; Anna Sangil76; Olga SánchezPernaute252; Pedro-Luis Sánchez131,43; Antonio J. Sánchez López253; Clara Sánchez-Pablo131;
María Concepción Sánchez Prados32; Javier Sánchez Real25; Jorge Sánchez Redondo15,254;
Cristina Sancho- Sainz174; Esther Sande255; Arnoldo Santos225; Agatha Schlüter94,3; Sonia
Segovia231,256,257; Alex Serra-Llovich62; Fernando Sevil Puras22; Marta Sevilla Porras3,11; Miguel
A. Sicolo258,259; Cristina Silván Fuentes3
; Vitor M.S. Moraes260; Vanessa S. Souza102; Jordi SoléViolán261,107; José Manuel Soria201; Jose V. Sorlí104,105; Nayara S. Silva262; Juan Carlos Souto17;
John J. Sprockel100,54; José Javier Suárez-Rama8
; David A. Suarez-Zamora64; Xiana TaboadaFraga207; Eduardo Tamayo263,156; Alvaro Tamayo-Velasco264; Juan Carlos TaracidoFernandez170; Romero H.T. Vasconcelos111; Carlos Tellería119,120; Thássia M.T. Carratto260; Jair
Antonio Tenorio Castaño3,11,12; Alejandro Teper145; Izabel M.T. Araujo109; Juan Torres-Macho265;
Lilian Torres-Tobar266; Ronald P. Torres Gutiérrez222; Jesús Troya249; Miguel Urioste210; Juan
Valencia-Ramos267; Agustín Valido35,268; Juan Pablo Vargas Gallo269,270; Belén Varón271; Tomas
Vega272; Santiago Velasco-Quirce273; Valentina Vélez-Santamaría93,94; Virginia Víctor50,51; Julia
Vidán Estévez25; Gabriela V. Silva109; Miriam Vieitez-Santiago59,135; Carlos Vilches274; Lavinia
Villalobos25; Felipe Villar221; Judit Villar-Garcia275,276,277; Cristina Villaverde3,40; Pablo VillosladaBlanco175; Ana Virseda-Berdices81; Tatiana X. Costa278; Zuleima Yáñez34; Antonio Zapatero Gaviria279; Ruth Zarate280; Sandra Zazo241; Carlos Flores106,107,154; José A. Riancho59,60,135;
Augusto Rojas-Martinez281; Pablo Lapunzina3,11,12; Ángel Carracedo3,8,9,10,13The ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) has an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome events (CME) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (CME and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, CME and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people.The authors acknowledge support from the Catalan Department of Economy and Knowledge (SGR2017/1974, SGR2017/801) and the Spanish Ministry of Science “Programa de Excelencia María de Maeztu” (MDM-2014-0370) and “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” (CEX2018-000806-S), the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, UE (RTI2018-100789-B-I00) and the Estonian Research Council (PUT1660). Authors also receive support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program.N
Improving air quality in metropolitan Mexico City : an economic valuation
No full textMexico City has for years experienced high levels of ozone and particulate air pollution. In 1995-99 the entire population of the Mexico City metropolitan area was exposed to annual average concentrations of fine particulate pollution (particulates with a diameter of less than 10micrometers, or PM10) exceeding 50 micrograms per cubic meter, the annual average standard in both Mexico and the United States. Two million people were exposed to annual average PM10 levels of more than 75 micrograms per cubic meter. The daily maximum one-hour ozone standard was exceeded at least 300 days a year. The Mexico Air Quality Management Team documents population-weighted exposures to ozone and PM10 between 1995 and 1999, project exposures in 2010, and computes the value of four scenarios for 2010: A 10 percent reduction in PM10 and ozone. A 20 percent reduction in PM10 and ozone. Achievement of ambient air quality standards across the metropolitan area. A 68 percent reduction in ozone and a 47 percent reduction in PM10 across the metropolitan area. The authors calculate the health benefits of reducing ozone and PM10 for each scenario using dose-response functions from the peer-reviewed literature. They value cases of morbidity and premature mortality avoided using three approaches: Cost of illness and forgone earnings only (low estimate). Cost of illness, forgone earnings, and willingness to pay for avoided morbidity (central case estimate). Cost of illness, forgone earnings, willingness to pay for avoided morbidity, and willingness to pay for avoided mortality (high estimate). The results suggest that the benefits of a 10 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 in 2010 are about 1.49 billion annually. In each case the benefits of reducing ozone amount to about 15 percent of the total benefits. By estimating the magnitude of the benefits from air pollution control, the authors provide motivation for examining specific policies that could achieve the air pollution reductions that they value. They also provide unit values for the benefits from reductions in ambient air pollution (for example, per microgram of PM10) that could be used as inputs into a full cost-benefit analysisof air pollution control strategies.Montreal Protocol,Public Health Promotion,Global Environment Facility,Air Quality&Clean Air,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Montreal Protocol,Air Quality&Clean Air,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Global Environment Facility,Transport and Environment
From deterministic methods to a Bayesian approximation: towards reliable segmentation of multiple sclerosis Lesions in magnetic resonance imaging
No full textEn este trabajo, se presenta una metodología para la segmentación de lesiones de esclerosis múltiple (EM) en imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM) que aborda las limitaciones de los modelos deterministas mediante la incorporación de la estimación de incertidumbre. Se compara una arquitectura U-Net 3D determinista con una versión modificada que emplea una aproximación bayesiana con Monte Carlo Dropout (MCD) para cuantificar la incertidumbre epistémica. Los resultados demuestran que, si bien ambos modelos alcanzan un rendimiento competitivo en términos de las métricas estándar de segmentación de imágenes médicas, la estimación de incertidumbre proporciona información valiosa sobre la fiabilidad de las predicciones, especialmente en regiones desafiantes como los bordes de las lesiones. Esto tiene el potencial de mejorar la aplicabilidad clínica de la segmentación automática al permitir a los usuarios médicos evaluar la confianza en los resultados y enfocar su revisión en áreas de mayor incertidumbre.In this work, we present a methodology for the segmentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that addresses the limitations of deterministic models by incorporating uncertainty estimation. We compare a deterministic 3D U-Net architecture with a modified version that employs a Bayesian approximation with Monte Carlo Dropout (MCD) to quantify epistemic uncertainty. The results demonstrate that while both models achieve competitive performance in terms of standard medical image segmentation metrics, the uncertainty estimation provides valuable information on the reliability of the predictions, especially in challenging regions such as lesion borders. This has the potential to improve the clinical applicability of automatic segmentation by allowing medical users to assess confidence in the results and focus their review on areas of higher uncertainty
