65,228 research outputs found
Martin Matthews Book
No full textA notebook tracking the attendance, probationary periods, and other notations for members of Methodist Circuit Quarterly Meetings taking place between 1856 and 1873. Martin Matthews was a Presiding Elder of the Methodist Episcopal Church during the time the book was created
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
The Effect of Connectivity, Proximity and Market Structure on R&D Networks
No full textIn a seminal paper, Goyal and Moraga-Gonzalez (2001) use an undirected network to characterize knowledge flows between firms engaging in research in an oligopolistic market. In their paper, firms are regarded as inhabiting a research joint venture (RJV), if they share the same edge of the network. These firms are allowed an R&D spillover of 1; the outside firms (firms not sharing an edge in the network) are permitted a constant knowledge spillover that is less than one. We begin our paper by showing that this last assumption has important consequences when dealing with R&D networks of size greater than or equal to six firms. We present examples of topologically non-equivalent networks that have the same degree of connectivity and generate identical outcomes in terms of R&D effort, firm profits and total welfare. We then modify their model so that R&D spillovers decrease as the number of shortest paths increases between any two firms. We show that under product differentiated Cournot and Bertrand competition, we have different outcomes for all economic variables. We also show that R&D effort increases with respect to the number of collaborative links if firms are in a weakly competitive market, whereas it declines if firms are in a more competitive market where products are closer substitutes. We also find that in more competitive markets there is a conflict between the stability and the efficiency of RJVs.
Network Governance of R&D: Purchaser-Provider as Partnerships in a Public Sector Agency
No full textNetwork forms of organizing are becoming increasingly common, yet less is known about their governance mechanisms than either markets or hierarchies. In this paper, we examine the restructure of a large government R&D agency from a network governance perspective. This longitudinal study tracks the R&D agency as it implemented "purchaser-provider", a popular public sector management reform with the intention of creating market-based competition as a governance mechanism to increase efficiency and effectiveness. In contrast, we found that this R&D purchaser-provider implementation behaved more like a partnership that was better characterized as network governance. That is, we observed a complex multi-stakeholder environment in which a mix of cooperation and competition work hand-in-hand, and social control mechanisms were prevalent. We analyze both the characteristics and the governance of this public-sector R&D network using several business network frameworks. To examine the characteristics of the network we drew mainly on the Scandinavian IMP group’s actor-activity-resource model of business networks. To analyze network governance, we examine the four social mechanisms proposed by Jones, Hesterly and Borgatti (1997). We find that while some mechanisms, namely reputation and macro-culture were prevalent, other mechanisms such as sanctions and restricted access were not observed. Through these analyses of a business network in a somewhat unusual context, we develop a number of managerial and theoretical insights about network governance
Disruption of the developmental programme of Trypanosoma brucei by genetic ablation of TbZFP1, a differentiation-enriched CCCH protein
No full textThe regulation of differentiation is particularly important in microbial eukaryotes that inhabit multiple environments. The parasite Trypanosoma brucei is an extreme example of this, requiring exquisite gene regulation during transmission from mammals to the tsetse fly vector. Unusually, trypanosomes rely almost exclusively on post-transcriptional mechanisms for regulated gene expression. Hence, RNA binding proteins are potentially of great significance in controlling stage-regulated processes. We have previously identified TbZFP1 as a trypanosome molecule transiently enriched during differentiation to tsetse midgut procyclic forms. This small protein (101 amino acids) contains the unusual CCCH zinc finger, an RNA binding motif. Here, we show that genetic ablation of TbZFP1 compromises repositioning of the mitochondrial genome, a specific event in the strictly regulated differentiation programme. Despite this, other events that occur both before and after this remain intact. Significantly, this phenotype correlates with the TbZFP1 expression profile during differentiation. This is the first genetic disruption of a developmental regulator in T. brucei. It demonstrates that programmed events in parasite development can be uncoupled at the molecular level. It also further supports the importance of CCCH proteins in key aspects of trypanosome cell function
New project knowledge management: Lessons learned from temporary structures of public sector R&D organisations
No full textR&D Organisations are key players in the knowledge economy and make major contributions to Australia’s efforts to achieve and maintain competitive advantage. The explicit purpose of R&D organisations is to develop new knowledge and apply existing knowledge in new ways. Much of the R&D is carried out in temporary structures or project teams. Drawing upon theory and grounded in case based evidence, this paper explores how new forms of project management affect knowledge generating and application processes in R&D organisations. It appears that much of the knowledge generation and application occurs through taking advantage of almost naturally occurring oscillations between open and closed system practices over the course of projects. Theoretical and practical lessons and implications for further research are advanced
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
The nexus of value chain integration and e-business applications on public sector agriculture R&D management
No full textWe examine the potential impact of interconnectivity of value chain partnerships through electronic means (e-business practices) on the management of Public Sector Agriculture R&D in Australia. We review the changing forms of managing research and development, the forces driving these changes, and R&D processes that are theoretically consistent with the move towards value chain involvement and the increase in active constituents in Public Sector Agriculture R&D. We then explore the potential of emerging e-business models to change the patterns of inter-connectivity, speed and omnipresence of partners in the value chain. Three e-business R&D management practices are identified that provide the prerequisite flexibility necessary to take advantage of opportunistic markets. These R&D business practices are: compressing R&D to reduce time to market, fostering co-development to enter a market at the last moment and building flexible products that allow adjustment at the last possible moment. Some fundamental reallocation of existing resources will be required to meet these markets. Implications of these e-business practices for R&D management are discussed
Using strategic ambiguity as management practice in academic R&D : An ethnographic study of MIT SENSEable City Lab
No full textThis article explores the role of strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 2007; March & Olsen, 1976) as a management practice, as used in SENSEable City Lab - a R&D-oriented lab located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.
Although literature has already explored strategic ambiguity in various organizational settings, studies focusing on how academic institutions use strategic ambiguity in the context of R&D are quite sparse.
The article aims at filling this gap by reporting on a study conducted by the author across 2011 and 2014 in a R&D-oriented academic lab and reflecting on the potential of strategic ambiguity as an effective dialogic strategy to appreciate differences among internal organization members and with external partners. The article also examines some shortcomings of strategic ambiguity, such as the level of anxiety reported by some members of the lab
Preemptive Search and R&D Clustering Revisited
No full textThe results obtained by Cardon and Sasaki (1998) on R&D clustering are derived under the specific assumption that firms only can own one patent. When multiple patents are allowed, R&D clustering will come about more frequently if search costs are substantial.R&D clustering; persistence of monopoly
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