93,421 research outputs found
Corrigendum to:Transfusion-transmitted malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Open Forum Infectious Diseases (2019) 6:7 (ofz283) DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz283)
No full textOpen Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2019, ofz283, https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz283 In “Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis”, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 6, Issue 7, July 2019, ofz283, an acknowledgement was missed. More specifically, Alexander G. Mathioudakis was supported by the National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR Manchester BRC). This was corrected in the new version of the manuscript.</p
Stellar Surface Magneto-Convection as a Source of Astrophysical Noise. I. Multi-component Parameterisation of Absorption Line Profiles
No full textWe outline our techniques to characterise photospheric granulation as an astrophysical noise source. A four component parameterisation of granulation is developed that can be used to reconstruct stellar line asymmetries and radial velocity shifts due to photospheric convective motions. The four components are made up of absorption line profiles calculated for granules, magnetic intergranular lanes, non-magnetic intergranular lanes, and magnetic bright points at disc centre. These components are constructed by averaging Fe I magnetically sensitive absorption line profiles output from detailed radiative transport calculations of the solar photosphere. Each of the four categories adopted are based on magnetic field and continuum intensity limits determined from examining three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations with an average magnetic flux of . Using these four component line profiles we accurately reconstruct granulation profiles, produced from modelling 12 x 12 Mm areas on the solar surface, to within 20 cm s on a 100 m s granulation signal. We have also successfully reconstructed granulation profiles from a simulation using the parameterised line profiles from the average magnetic field simulation. This test demonstrates applicability of the characterisation to a range of magnetic stellar activity levels
Current developments and future directions in COPD
No full textThe European Respiratory Society’s (ERS) journals publish respiratory research and policy documents of the highest quality, offering a platform for the exchange and promotion of scientific knowledge. This new series entitled “Current developments and future directions” aims to critically summarize only some of the most recent, high-quality studies published in the ERS journals, focusing on different disciplines of respiratory medicine. In this first article, focusing on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the third leading cause of death globally, we summarize novel research highlights focusing on the disease’s underlying mechanisms, epidemiology, and management, with the aim to inform and inspire respiratory clinicians and researchers
Plasma properties and Stokes profiles during the lifetime of a photospheric magnetic bright point
No full textAims: In this paper we aim to investigate the evolution of plasmaproperties and Stokes parameters in photospheric magnetic bright pointsusing 3D magneto-hydrodynamical simulations and radiative diagnostics ofsolar granulation. Methods: Simulated time-dependent radiationparameters and plasma properties were investigated throughout theevolution of a bright point. Synthetic Stokes profiles for the FeI630.25 nm line were calculated, which also allowed the evolution of theStokes-I line strength and Stokes-V area and amplitude asymmetries to beinvestigated. Results: Our results are consistent withtheoretical predictions and published observations describing convectivecollapse, and confirm this as the bright point formation process.Through degradation of the simulated data to match the spatialresolution of SOT, we show that high spatial resolution is crucial forthe detection of changing spectro-polarimetric signatures throughout amagnetic bright point's lifetime. We also show that the signaturedownflow associated with the convective collapse process tends towardszero as the radiation intensity in the bright point peaks, because ofthe magnetic forces present restricting the flow of material in the fluxtube
Current and Optimal Practices in Childhood Asthma Monitoring Among Multiple International Stakeholders
No full textFunding/Support: The Paediatric Asthma in Real Life (PeARL) monitoring survey was supported by the Respiratory Effectiveness Group. This study was supported by the Respiratory Effectiveness Group. The Respiratory Effectiveness Group has received support from AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Sanofi for continued work on PeARL. Dr Mathioudakis was supported by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and by an NIHR Clinical Lectureship in Respiratory Medicine.Peer reviewe
Propagating Wave Phenomena Detected in Observations and Simulations of the Lower Solar Atmosphere
No full textWe present high-cadence observations and simulations of the solar photosphere, obtained using the Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere imaging system and the MuRAM magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code, respectively. Each data set demonstrates a wealth of magnetoacoustic oscillatory behavior, visible as periodic intensity fluctuations with periods in the range 110–600 s. Almost no propagating waves with periods less than 140 s and 110 s are detected in the observational and simulated data sets, respectively. High concentrations of power are found in highly magnetized regions, such as magnetic bright points and intergranular lanes. Radiative diagnostics of the photospheric simulations replicate our observational results, confirming that the current breed of MHD simulations are able to accurately represent the lower solar atmosphere. All observed oscillations are generated as a result of naturally occurring magnetoconvective processes, with no specific input driver present. Using contribution functions extracted from our numerical simulations, we estimate minimum G-band and 4170 Å continuum formation heights of 100 km and 25 km, respectively. Detected magnetoacoustic oscillations exhibit a dominant phase delay of −8◦ between the G-band and 4170 Å continuum observations, suggesting the presence of upwardly propagating waves.More than 73% of MBPs (73% from observations and 96% from simulations) display upwardly propagating wave phenomena, suggesting the abundant nature of oscillatory behavior detected higher in the solar atmosphere may be traced back to magnetoconvective processes occurring in the upper layers of the Sun’s convection zone
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ellerman Bombs with Jets: Cause and Effect
No full textEllerman Bombs (EBs) are thought to arise as a result of photospheric magnetic reconnection. We use data from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope(SST), to study EB events on the solar disk and at the limb. Both datasets show that EBs are connected to the foot-points of forming chromospheric jets. The limb observations show that a bright structure in the H blue wing connects to the EB initially fuelling it,leading to the ejection of material upwards. The material moves along a loop structure where a newly formed jet is subsequently observed in the red wing of H. In the disk dataset, an EB initiates a jet which propagates away from the apparent reconnection site within the EB flame.The EB then splits into two, with associated brightenings in the inter-granular lanes (IGLs). Micro-jets are then observed, extending to500 km with a lifetime of a few minutes. Observed velocities of themicro-jets are approximately 5-10 km s, while their chromospheric counterparts range from 50-80 km s. MURaM simulations of quiet Sun reconnection show that micro-jets with similar properties to that of the observations follow the line of reconnection in the photosphere,with associated H brightening at the location of increased temperature
Observations of sausage modes in magnetic pores
No full textWe present here evidence for the observation of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) sausage modes in magnetic pores in the solar photosphere. Further evidence for the omnipresent nature of acoustic global modes is also found. The empirical decomposition method of wave analysis is used to identify the oscillations detected through a 4170 Å "blue continuum" filter observed with the Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA) instrument. Out of phase, periodic behavior in pore size and intensity is used as an indicator of the presence of magnetoacoustic sausage oscillations. Multiple signatures of the magnetoacoustic sausage mode are found in a number of pores. The periods range from as short as 30 s up to 450 s. A number of the magnetoacoustic sausage mode oscillations found have periods of 3 and 5 minutes, similar to the acoustic global modes of the solar interior. It is proposed that these global oscillations could be the driver of the sausage-type magnetoacoustic MHD wave modes in pores
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
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