10 research outputs found
APP family member dimeric complexes are formed predominantly in synaptic compartments
No full textAbstract Background The amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is part of a larger gene family, including the APP like proteins APLP1 and APLP2. They share similar structures, form homo- and heterotypic dimers and exhibit overlapping functions. Results We investigated complex formation of the APP family members via two inducible dimerization systems, the FKBP-rapamycin based dimerization as well as cysteine induced dimerization, combined with co-immunoprecipitations and Blue Native (BN) gel analyses. Within the APP family, APLP1 shows the highest degree of dimerization and high molecular weight (HMW) complex formation. Interestingly, only about 20% of APP is dimerized in cultured cells whereas up to 50% of APP is dimerized in mouse brains, independent of age and splice forms. Furthermore, we could show that dimerized APP originates mostly from neurons and is enriched in synaptosomes. Finally, BN gel analysis of human cortex samples shows a significant decrease of APP dimers in AD patients compared to controls. Conclusions Together, we suggest that loss of full-length APP dimers might correlate with loss of synapses in the process of AD
High-Resolution air quality forecasts with MOCAGE chemistry transport model
No full textInternational audienceMOCAGE is the 3D global off-line chemistry transport model (CTM) run at Météo-France since 2005 for air quality operational forecasts. Three nested domains are used, with decreasing resolutions (globe, Europe, and France), and 47 vertical levels (from the surface to 5 hPa). For the global and the European domain, input meteorological forcing fields are Météo-France ARPEGE forecasts. For France, and for the first day of forecast, MOCAGE uses the operational outputs of Météo-France non-hydrostatic AROME model. This high-resolution (2.5 km) meteorological model is supposed to better represent urban processes (e.g., the urban heat island), which are of strong interest for air quality applications. The purpose of this study is to test the increase of resolution of the CTM MOCAGE over France from 0.1° to 0.025° (i.e. the native resolution of the input meteorological fields)
Estimating lockdown-induced European NO2 changes using satellite and surface observations and air quality models
No full textThis study provides a comprehensive assessment of NO2 changes across the main European urban areas induced by COVID-19 lockdowns using satellite retrievals from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5p satellite, surface site measurements, and simulations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) regional ensemble of air quality models. Some recent TROPOMI-based estimates of changes in atmospheric NO2 concentrations have neglected the influence of weather variability between the reference and lockdown periods. Here we provide weather-normalized estimates based on a machine learning method (gradient boosting) along with an assessment of the biases that can be expected from methods that omit the influence of weather. We also compare the weather-normalized satellite-estimated NO2 column changes with weather-normalized surface NO2 concentration changes and the CAMS regional ensemble, composed of 11 models, using recently published estimates of emission reductions induced by the lockdown. All estimates show similar NO2 reductions. Locations where the lockdown measures were stricter show stronger reductions, and, conversely, locations where softer measures were implemented show milder reductions in NO2 pollution levels. Average reduction estimates based on either satellite observations (−23 %), surface stations (−43 %), or models (−32 %) are presented, showing the importance of vertical sampling but also the horizontal representativeness. Surface station estimates are significantly changed when sampled to the TROPOMI overpasses (−37 %), pointing out the importance of the variability in time of such estimates. Observation-based machine learning estimates show a stronger temporal variability than model-based estimates.The research leading to these results has received funding from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), which is implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) on behalf of the European Commission. We acknowledge support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN), as part of the BROWNING project RTI2018-099894-B-I00 and NUTRIENT project CGL2017-88911-R; the AXA Research Fund; and the 620 European Research Council (grant no. 773051, FRAGMENT). We also acknowledge PRACE and RES for awarding access to Marenostrum4 based in Spain at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center through the eFRAGMENT2 and AECT-2020-1-0007 projects. This project has also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2016-754433. Carlos Pérez García-Pando also acknowledges the support received through the Ramón y Cajal programme (grant no. RYC-2015-18690) of the MICINN. Modelling and satellite data were produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved this paper.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 27 autors/es: Jérôme Barré, Hervé Petetin, Augustin Colette, Marc Guevara, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Laurence Rouil, Richard Engelen, Antje Inness, Johannes Flemming, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Dene Bowdalo, Frederik Meleux, Camilla Geels, Jesper H. Christensen, Michael Gauss, Anna Benedictow, Svetlana Tsyro, Elmar Friese, Joanna Struzewska, Jacek W. Kaminski, John Douros, Renske Timmermans, Lennart Robertson, Mario Adani, Oriol Jorba, Mathieu Joly, and Rostislav Kouznetsov"Postprint (published version
Additional file 1 of APP family member dimeric complexes are formed predominantly in synaptic compartments
No full textAdditional file 1: Figure S1. APP forms heterotypic trans dimers with APLP1 and APLP2 including post lysis mixture control
Assessing the role of soil chemoautotrophs in carbon cycling: An investigation into isotopically labelled soil microorganisms
No full textRecently observed increases in atmospheric CO2 have created great interest in carbon capture technologies and natural sinks of this major component of the carbon cycle. Humic substances are a large, operationally defined fraction of soil organic matter. It was thought that humic substances consist of cross-linked macromolecular structures forming a distinct class of compounds. However, it was recently concluded by members of my research group that the vast majority of humic material in soils, are a complex mixture of microbial/plant biopolymers and degradation products, and not a distinct chemical category. The postulation that microbial inputs to soil carbon are greatly underestimated was put forward by my research group in 2007. Therefore, I have attempted to demonstrate the inputs made by soil chemoautotrophic bacteria. A method was developed where soil samples were measured for chemoautotrophic activity by subjecting them to a suite of scientific techniques. A growth chamber was used to propagate extant soil chemoautotrophic bacteria from different soils and subjected to an array of chemical and biological analyses. The growth chamber was used to measure CO2 concentrations and introduce stable isotopic 13CO2. Estimations of CO2 sequestration were made using direct measurements for Irish soils and one Eurasian soil. Isotope labelled DNA was isolated using cesium chloride gradient ultracentrifugation. The dominant chemoautotrophic bacteria uncovered were Thiobacillus denitrificans and Thiobacillus thioparus. Labelled biomass was isolated and described using GCMS-IRMS and NMR, where an array of PLFAs, protein/peptide, carbohydrates and aliphatics were observed. Finally, an attempt to mimic common agricultural practice was performed to measure soil chemoautotrophic activity. This demonstrated the capability of this approach to benefit carbon flux estimations and hopefully in the future help to elucidate carbon flow into soils for the greater environment
Estimating lockdown-induced European NO2 changes using satellite and surface observations and air quality models
No full textThis study provides a comprehensive assessment of NO2 changes across the main European urban areas induced by COVID-19 lockdowns using satellite retrievals from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5p satellite, surface site measurements, and simulations from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) regional ensemble of air quality models. Some recent TROPOMI-based estimates of changes in atmospheric NO2 concentrations have neglected the influence of weather variability between the reference and lockdown periods. Here we provide weather-normalized estimates based on a machine learning method (gradient boosting) along with an assessment of the biases that can be expected from methods that omit the influence of weather. We also compare the weather-normalized satellite-estimated NO2 column changes with weather-normalized surface NO2 concentration changes and the CAMS regional ensemble, composed of 11 models, using recently published estimates of emission reductions induced by the lockdown. All estimates show similar NO2 reductions. Locations where the lockdown measures were stricter show stronger reductions, and, conversely, locations where softer measures were implemented show milder reductions in NO2 pollution levels. Average reduction estimates based on either satellite observations (-23 %), surface stations (-43 %), or models (-32 %) are presented, showing the importance of vertical sampling but also the horizontal representativeness. Surface station estimates are significantly changed when sampled to the TROPOMI overpasses (-37 %), pointing out the importance of the variability in time of such estimates. Observation-based machine learning estimates show a stronger temporal variability than model-based estimates
Armorial de Lefort, conservé au Archives de l'Etat à Liège.
No full textReliure de percale brun-garance ; dos de maroquin brun portant en capitales dorées : ARMORIAL/ DE/LE FORT".Pp. 5 : Armoiries du prince Ferdinand de Baviere ; Pp. 6 : Armoiries de Horick, Emstenrade, Vandergracht, Wissocque, D'Alamant ; Pp. 7 : Armoiries de Gosuyn, Xhenckenal, Dael, Charle, Milen, De Cerff, Godart, Playouble, Sawari de Fostoi, Buren, Bex, Boyleau, Sany, Meers, Berlier, Jamart, Masset, Putlinxhe, D'ans, Helmont ; Pp. 8 : Armoiries de Sprimont, Werden, Gaen, Neuvfcourt, Borlé, De Stier, Oranus, Curtius, Fossé, Tornaco, Wathar, Brebis, Halle, Hasque, Hoeck de Huy, Siiys, Vyllenfaux, Potesta, Paludé, Libatte ; Pp. 9 : Armoiries de Vannes, Du Chasteau, Salme, Salmir, Zutman, Mottmans, Miche, Archel, Hodaige, Adwrur de Streel, Lontton, De Brian, Morlet, Tharoulle, Wypsart, Lierneux, Marotte, De Henry, Blocquerie, Heers ; Pp. 10 : Armoiries de Thisuis, Lonchin, Gilteauz, Germeaux, Oestreman, Tyzen, Du Chasteau, Noville, Walkener, Loffelt, Du Jardin, Coulmont, Hyltz, Trappé, Pailhe, Scronck, Boesmans, D'Aywailhe, Woestonrade, Bernimollin ; Pp. 11 : Armoiries de Selis, Mathysse, De Billy, Coune de Valhenesse, Nivolara, Walcourt, Eclessin, Naveya, Randaxhe, Plenewaux, Libert, Masillion, Bawin, Hasche, Fabri, Termonia, Zymbert, Merica, Nyes ; Pp. 12 : Armoiries de Bertho, Mulenoir, Blocquerie, Du Verd, Oesteren, Chockier, Hadin, Strengnart de Kemesche, Strowen, La Roche, Richman, Malaise, Goÿe, Goreux, Corselins, Ertueche, Hennebert, Vivarir, Saweur, Marche ; Pp. 13 : Armoiries de Leutemberg, Palatiu, Broendenbourg, Pollongne, La Marche, Monfort, Eygmont, Berghe, Baden, Catzelenbogen, Luxembourg, Toutteville, Bavier, Austriche, Baden, Palatiu ; Pp. 14 : Armoiries de Bavier, Bronswick, Autriche, Portugal, Baden, Katzelexbogen, Palatiu, Bavier, Autriche, Bourgongne, Aragon, Lijon, Plongne, Boheme, Candalle, Navarre, Vadermont, Lorenne, Aygmont, Bourbon ; Pp. 15 : Armoiries de Bourbon, Lathour, Manthour, Bavier, Danemarck, Brandembourgh, Saxhe, Bavier, Austriche, Bourgogne, Aragon, Lyon, Courtemback, Vacktendoncke, Boccholt, Rougrasse, Tryppes, Wisseogz, Fraintz, Erps ; Pp. 16 : Armoiries de Lextemberg, Renech, Zuarzembour, Koerfort, Brandembourg, Saxhe, Polongne, Bohème, La Marche, Bouhautte, Monfort, Narduick, Aygmont, Kronembourg, Berghe, Zenembergh, Baden, Austrishe, Kanzelevogen, Nassau ; Pp. 17 : Armoiries de Luxembourg, Croÿ, Neville, Courtenaÿ, Bavier, Bransewick, Austrishe, Portugal, Baden, Kuzelwogen, Palatin, Bavier, de Merode, Rivier, Blanckart, de Rede, De Bierlemont, d'Eynatten, de Rutzembeck, de Groesbeck ; Pp. 18 : Armoiries de Liverlo, Méan, Donnis, Tabollet, Rosen, Halinge, Roseius, Stele, Junscis, Blisia, Sÿmanis, Budbacht, Vansoul, Woet, Deyck, De Thier, Prosset, Slusse, Soumangne, Oupey ; Pp. 19 : Armoiries de Suatembourch, Marche, Grevenbronck, Tentonberck, Looen, Buckenback, Soelms, Corswarem, Huÿ, Moreaume, Bierses, Werfusée, Metz, Huisberck, Liers, De Mangué dit de Hacourt, Rasteau, Del rue de pont ; Pp. 20 : Armoiries de Hoensbronck, Huyn, Randenraed, Pallans, La piere, D'Ognie, Ganet Vilain, Neuwenburg, Bongard de Heyden, Aburgundia, Spinola, Leeraed, Boschorn, Seinck a Nidechem, Robles, Hille, Van der Aa, Bac, Kessel, Rarondelet ; Page blanche ; Pp. 21 : Armoiries de Brabant, Moogende, De Meÿer, Helmont, Hartogenbonche, Eyndhoven ; Pp. 22 : Armoiries de Gassernajor, Keppel, Perné, Peelant, Kempenlaud, Maaslaut, Dosterwijck, Repselaar, Heemskerck, Hoeven, Sweer ; Page blanche ; Pp. 23 : Armoiries de Bocholt, D'Aremberue, Ligne, Boxaneer, Pollart, Eÿll ou Eÿck, Brent, Pletembergh, Ens ; Pp. 24 : Armoiries de Hornes, Corswaremme ou Covvarem, Elderen, Erp, Libermé, Rijckensteÿn, Roÿer, Palude, Nivarre ; Pp. 25 : Armoiries de La Marcka, Doerne ou Durne, Louenich, Merode, Cartembach, Guliaco, Pousseur, Ferret, Pellethier ; Pp. 26 : Armoiries de Schaumbergh, D'Enghien, Eÿnscheringen, Castilion ou de Malmundario, Eÿnatten, Nuwenaer, Alsteren, Horion, D'Oupey ; Pp. 27 : Armoiries de Groisbeeck, Manderscheit, Berlaÿmont, Boedtbergh, Marcka d'Agÿmont, Montenack, Hugoel ou Hugonel, Velbrugge ou Velbruck, D'Aun ; Pp. 28 : Armoiries de Vacca, Weuelkonen, Badouche, Heluick ou Helmick de Doerne, Cenaine, Merwen de Brée, Spies, De Buisson, Lutten ou Copis ; Pp. 29 : Armoiries de Leÿen, Hacken, Bincken, Boschone, Robles, Villain, Leÿte, S'Quentin, Liedekercke ; Pp. 30 : Armoiries de Le Barre de Mochron, Hompeche, Vinck, Wees ou Weez, Wittenharst, Hocherbach, Brandenburg, Grein, Longchamps ; Pp. 31 : Armoiries de Von Esch, Van Vorst, Rochefort, Vau, Husman de Namdeÿe, Elst, Eltz et Metternick, Palant, Cholinus ; Pp. 32 : Armoiries de Chasteler, Harchies, Xhenceual, Schaal, La pierre, Wilperck, Bridotte ou Brederote, Daun, Proisÿ ; Pp. 33 : Armoiries de Wercquinul, Hanin ou Henin, Tenremonde, Stommel, Grisper, Warisoul, Celles et Beaufort, De Sart, Halmale ; Pp. 34 : Armoiries de Staninille, Caronge, Pompadoure, Wilich, Cock van Opinnen, Hochkircken, Arfft, Heythuÿsen, Boxmeer ; Pp. 35 : Armoiries de Hoensbronck, Eve, D'Elter alias Vogelsanck, Blocquerie, Hemmomez alias Maroton, Berghes, Clutz, Sarta, Witte ; Pp. 36 : Armoiries de Harff, Clivis, Wÿngarden, Schetz, Militis, Chastelet, Schillinck, Petra alias Vander Leÿen, Rottenheim ; Pp. 37 : Armoiries de D'Elstz, Gaÿs, Rennebergh et Renneburg, Witten, de Weÿde, Nuÿens, Lude de Tongris, Metzenhausen, Oÿembrugge ; Pp. 38 : Armoiries de Offermaus, Vander Vorst, Tserclaes, Boshuÿse, Bax, Austria, Schawenbourck, Orleÿ, Barrault ; Pp. 39 : Armoiries de Premillax, Boels, Schaesbergh, Lombarts, Elderen, Huetius, Bournel, Douerin, Vander Meeren ; Pp. 40 : Armoiries de Vanden Noot, De la Troliere, Obrechts, Niquet a Fleruco, Wÿttenhorst, de Mierlo, Schawenburgh, Merwyck et Donck, Van Becke alias Torrentius ; Pp. 41 : Armoiries de Nollens, Wÿttgenstein, Huÿn de Amstenraedt, Woestenraedt, Watten, Brialmont, Fauillon, Frappé, Carondelet ; Pp. 42 : Armoiries de Wÿnnenbourg ou Vinnenbach, Ghoor ou Goer, Hoenghen, Wÿngarde, palatin, Rosey et Ronchinnes, Ghenart, Thiant, Dorsbach ; Pp. 43 : Armoiries de Oranus, Ruÿschembergh, Frentz, Anstel, Omalia, Rave, Schenck, Oest, Flodrop ; Pp. 44 : Armoiries de Stamheim, Printhayhem, Macherelle, Oÿe, Chiney, Scheillart, Galen, Drackenborck, Zuÿlen ; Pp. 45 : Armoiries de Stel, Quarre, Blehen, Rischort, Dave, Hanxeler, Bongardt, Randenraedt ; Pp. 46 : Armoiries de Heÿm, Vandergrat, Heÿenhoven, Milendunck, Glimes, Hosden, Rougrave, Thuÿll, Bergh de Soips ; Pp. 47 : Armoiries de Hannut, Gothem, Warfuzée, Relé ou Bolland, Groÿ, Vander Keclen, Pael, de Tresmont, Goulaffre ; Pp. 48 : Armoiries de Bormans, D'Aiunes, Scleiden, Solms, Blanckenhem, Vernenbourg, Vander ta, Pecersheim, Montfort ; Pp. 49 : Armoiries de Keeribeeck, Harduemont, Baw, Monchevalier, Sovastre, Warluzel, Sauley, Lenoncourt, Meurs ; Pp. 50 : Armoiries de Loemel, Vander Borcht, Hinckaert, Berthout dit Berlaer, Buren, Arendael, Hallois, Walzin, Panntier ; Pp. 51 : Armoiries de Rotzelaer, Kerpen, Mansfelt, Saxe, Honsteÿn, Bichlingen, De Breul, Brimeu, Gergues S Winoch ; Pp. 52 : Armoiries de Cresques, Maillÿ, Rambuves, Waloncapelle, Bivgellen, Cranendonck, Gronsfelt, Hoemmen, Hulst ; Pp. 53 : Armoiries de Frunckenborck, Parlo, Ghent, Horst, Hornem, Chasteauillain, Escornaix, Hamaide, La Vieuille ; Pp. 54 : Armoiries de Melin, Luxembourg, Heinsbergh, Comte d'Espinoy, Adrianus Florentÿ Hadriano VI Pont Max, Bock de Lichtenbergh, Morealmez, Arckell, Austriche ; Pp. 55 : Armoiries de Egmond, Cleves, Werdenberg, Baden Wirtemberg, Duwenvorde, Islsteÿn, Argenteau, Enghien, Ableville ; Pp. 56 : Armoiries de Roncÿ, Sarrebrugh, Witthem, Rodinchave, Hamal, Erpach, Bickenbach, Bourgogne, Cuclembourg ; Pp. 57 : Armoiries de Ghemen, Weuelinckhouen, Heffe et Hessen, Catzenelleboghe, Ronchel, Rolling vel Rauille, Sirck, Roÿsin, Croix ; Pp. 58 : Armoiries de Barbancon, Wideux, Apremont, Fexhe, Aaz, Haraucourt, Kieusain, Bronckhorst, Pÿch ; Pp. 59 : Armoiries de Haefften, Collarts, S Martin, Waillÿ, Senlis, Cens, Bernieules, Boubers, Nassau ; Pp. 60 : Armoiries de Soÿ, Seraing, Langhe, Steihaghen, Schaloen, Gugoven, Dauelure, Cowenberghe, Vander Straten ; Pp. 61 : Armoiries de Spontin, Halewÿn, Zenenberghe, Borsele, Gaillon, Marnix, Ysemburg, Hunalstein, Rodemach ; Pp. 62 : Armoiries de Doupaÿ de Chaumont, Marid, Becouts, Stravius, Pottiers, Marcelis, Kerkhem ou Kerckem, Potestat, Ertwecht ; Pp. 63 : Armoiries de Paquier, Vandensteen, Blitterswÿck ou Paffart, Gavre, Wachtendonck, Quadt, Horst, Zwartzembergh, Bentingh ; Pp. 64 : Armoiries de Lansperg, Helmstadt, Horner, Halbaren, Carpen, Lalaing, Hun, Brant Doizau, Ramincourt ; Pp. 65 : Armoiries de Berlo, Lÿden, L'Oe ou L'Oe de Meer, Choquier, Mean, Rossius, Xhenemont, Nuuolara, Liuerlo ; Pp. 66 : Armoiries de Oultremont, Hinnisdael, Schellinck, Burman, Cynden, Dullarts, Cocquenghien, Gulpen, Nesselrod ; Pp. 67 : Armoiries de Waha, De Glen, Fonckius, Vande Werue, Moll, Oleÿ, Waersbergh, Ditbeeck, Heÿenhoiren ; Pp. 68 : Armoiries de Kriechenbeeck, Brunsbergh, Wandemont, Tabollet, Vanden Leÿden, Vander Blocquerien, Steuart, Cholinus, Dern ou Dheren ; Pp. 69 : Armoiries de Herckenrode, Strauuen ou Strauven, Bollandt, Meller, Schetz de Grobendonck, Bilhé, D'Ognÿes, Strecheus, De la pierre ; Pp. 70 : Armoiries de Lorraine, Fleron, Ximenez, Leerede, De la Roche, Nauea ou Naveau, Fisen, De la Haxhe, Puÿrlinck ; Pp. 71 : Armoiries de D'Anthine, Nillen, De Grace, Merode de Jehaÿ, Motmans, Spinola, Wissocq, De Riuiere, Dama ; Pp. 72 : Armoiries de D'Espinoÿ, Simonis, Blanchard, Salms, Furstembergh, Vander Veecken, Neuhausen ou Manderus, Curtius, Dallamont ; Pp. 73 : Armoiries de Blois, Balleeux, Jue, Scauele, St Omere, Cuÿck, Herbeÿs, Namur, Stolbergh ; Pp. 74 : Armoiries de Merode Scheiffart, Brecht, Uden, Hennebergh, Wilutet, Leeck, Stackenberghe, Vercken, Schlenderhan ; Pp. 75 : Armoiries de Kÿltz, Reisen, Rÿnszheim, Van Ophem, Lichtenbergh, Chappeauille, Hoeuelick, Afsendelft, Renffe ; Pp. 76 : Armoiries de Richardot, Jaufche, Bouchout, Claerhaut, Thiennes, Von Elst, Lewensiem, De la Notte, Bossu ; Pp. 77 : Armoiries de Dern ou Dheren, Buschfelt, Van Dript, Mohr, Bochgrue, Walthuze, Sprenge, Verchin, Rubempre ; Pp. 78 : Armoiries de Vonder Lippe, Vermondt, Bÿlant, Werquigneul, Senzeille, Dÿue, Bresseÿ, Moÿ; Chabanes ; Pp. 79 : Armoiries de Suzannes, De la Chambre, Viron, Bailliet, Fallois, De la Porte, Licques, Riuiere, Werst ; Pp. 80 : Armoiries de Ramelot, Flechin, Tillÿ, Hemstede, Gÿmnich, Schoonbeeck, Printhagen, Schwartzenbergh, Montafie ; Pp. 81 : Armoiries de Boesmes, Leuchtembergh, Leÿningen, Sauwage du Rhin et Rhingrave, Zimmeren, Sultz, Helffensteÿn, Vivario ou Vivaris, Espinoÿ ; Pp. 82 : Armoiries de De Coustes, Martignÿ, Bloÿs, Bernier, Trenel, Jacquier, Geriaifort, Van Heers, El Bampt Edelbampt ; Pp. 83 : Armoiries de Limbourgh, Fleckenstein, De L'Hostellerie, Denchel, Hausonville, Ligneville, Mercÿ, Gramcourt ; Pp. 84 : Armoiries de Chatellet, Beauchamps, Houfalize, Gussÿ, Des Armaiffe, ou Armoisse, Willse, Autel, Otange, Colhgnÿ ; Pp. 85 : Armoiries de Haren, Schauembourg, Canne, Schorts ou Schrots, Zulback ou Zutbach, Hoffart, Bache, Pfiertel, Fegerheim ; Pp. 86 : Armoiries de Maffelheim, Bungraffe, Von Gulik, Sitinghen, Horboch, Botters Bavuestain, Duc de Luxemburgh, Roy de Boheme, Bininghen ; Pp. 87 : Armoiries de Vladeraken, Surmont, Torck, Lorchost, Vanderheÿden, Montioÿe, Reede, Mirbicht, Custine ; Pp. 88 : Armoiries de Choiseul, Gouffier, Haetfedt, Rolman, Hocksteden, Siein, Walbrun, Calone, Rÿencourt ; Pp. 89 : Armoiries de Booz de Waldeck, Asselt, Rochefort, Van, Montmorency, Duras, Brÿel, Gutschoven, Du Mont ; Pp. 90 : Armoiries de Meÿs, Gruÿsen, Neufcourt, Beringen, Pennos, Pontegonis, Halewin, Monbeeck, Hemricourt ; Pp. 91 : Armoiries de Fonteine, de Donceel, de Moreau et de Horion, Lamynes, de Haweau, de Stier, Bovignistier, Perillieux de Rochellee, Van de Velde ; Pp. 92 : Armoiries de Moege, Molin, Hantfrisse d'Ooftfriese, Cheritel, Noÿelles, Botton, Crisgnée, Hodister, Beaumont ; Pp. 93 : Armoiries de Lannoÿ, de Waldet, Scuartzembourg, Waffenar, de Cruningen, de Rÿe, Bailleul, de Schell, Morbais ; Pp. 94 : Armoiries de Moumale, Bonneffe, Agimont, Chabot, Hanneffe, Chantemerle, Dÿeft, Oupeÿ, Awÿr ; Pp. 95 : Armoiries de Hozemont, Boubaÿ, Houthem, Fleron, Neufforge de Warche, Frina dit Farter, Chierstet, de Hers, Haccourt ; Pp. 96 : Armoiries de Grelienbroeck, Mehen Surnomé, Kersbecke ou Hersbeke, Berchem, Werdenburch, Sceÿffart de Merode, Beiffort, Wiltz, Voÿer ; Pp. 97 : Armoiries de Wezemerel, Ryfferscheit, Latrimouile, Bredenrode ou Brederode, Gennep, Blois, Humiere, Cunchy, Limon ; Pp. 98 : Armoiries de Brias, Lutzenradt, Awel, de Roist, d'Arberg, Neufchastel, Chalon, Trimanille ; Pp. 99 : Armoiries de Bette, Dardenet, Belrupt, Cuene, Treuillers, Brion, Botton, Wassemaere, Fomquesseles, Rinket, Sombref, Waldeck, Roÿ, de Charneaux, Gand Dietvilain, Brunsbery ; Pp. 100 à 101 : Les 8 quartiers de madame Du Mont du Burs ; Pp. 102 : Armoiries de Croÿ, Bobelon alias Blocquerien, Scheillart, Hoenghen, Wachtendonck, Quadt ; Pp. 103 : Armoiries de Glymes, Caroudelet, Ghoer, Amstenrode ; Pp. 104 à 107 : Pages blanches ; Pp. 108 : Armoiries de Lexhy, Beavriev, Wyngarde, Hoen de Hoensbrouck, Dublarts ; Pp. 109 : Armoiries de Brent, Pletembergh, Ens, Lalaing, Vinck, Eÿck ; Pp. 110 : Armoiries de Pasquasÿ, Boverie, De Gratÿ, Van Trier, Sehellinx, Cluttz ; Pp. 111 : Armoiries de Van Aren, Mellepedes, Coupis, Helie, De Saive, Quermea ; Pp. 112 : Armoiries de Cortemback, Halbaren, Brant Daizau, Hun, Schelz, Ramincourt ; Pp. 113 : Armoiries de Sombarts, Nuyens, Douweron, Vander Meren ou Meeren, Vander Noot, Oyembrugge ; Pp. 114 : Armoiries de Philippe Le Bon premier chef et souverain de l'Ordre de la Toison d'Or, Messire Guillaume de Vienne, Messire Reymer Pot, Messire Gean Seigneur de Roubaix, Messire Rolaud de Wikercke, Messire Antoine de Vergÿ, Messire David de Bruneu, Messire Hugue de Lanvoÿ, Messire Jean La Clite ; Pp. 115 : Armoiries de Messire Antoine de Toulomau, Messire Pier de Luxembourg, Messire Jean de la Tremouille, Messire Guillebert de Lannoy, Messire ean de Luxembourg, Messire Jean de Villers, Messire Antoine Seigneur de Croÿ et de Rentÿ, Messire Florimont de Brimeu, Messire Robert Seigneur de Masmines ; Pp. 116 : Armoiries de Messire Jacques de Brimeu, Messire Baudoleph de Lannoy dit le Beggue, Messire Pier de Beaufroimont, Messire Philippe Seigneur de Tirmont et de la Motte, Messire Jean de Croÿ, Messire Jean Seigneur de Creguÿ de Canoples et de Tressin, Messire Jean de Neufchastel, Messire Frederic dit Valeran comte de Meurs, Messire Simon de Laloni ; Pp. 117 : Armoiries de Messire Andrieu de Toulonion, Messire Jean de Meleux, Messire Jacques Seigneur de Crevecoeur ; armoiries sans noms ; Pp. 118 : Armoiries de Messire Thiebaut Seigneur de Neufchstel et de Castel sur Menzelle, Messire Charles duc Dorleaus et de Valais Beaumont et Ast, Messire Jean Duc de Bretagne, Messire Jean Duc Dalençon, Messire Mathieu de Foix, Très Haut et très Excellent prince Don Alphonse Roÿ D'Arrgon V du nom, Messire François de Borselle, Messire Remale Seigneur de Brederode et de Witteru, Messure Henrÿ de Borsole ; Pp. 119 : Armoiries de Messire Jean Seigneur de Fontaine, Messire Drieu Seigneur de Humieres, Messire Jean premier du nom Duc de Cleves comte de La Marck, Messire Don Jean de Guevara, Messire Don Pedro de Coscone, Messire Geau Seigneur de Lalaine, Messire Jean de Neufchastel, Messire Jean de Bourgougne, Messire Antoine Bastarde ; Pp. 120 : Armoiries de Messire Adolphe de Cleves, Messire Gean de Coymbre ; Pp. 121 à 125 : Pages blanches ; Pp. 126 : Armoiries de Hasenbrock, Rickelinck, Bailleul, Strenendrop, Schanedreis, Beffort, Relilz, Appelter, Berne, Boelsbeck, Einenberg, Baelen, Baucourt, Streuensdorp, Paffort, Filss, Hoeuen ; Pp. 127 : Armoiries de Caldenborn, Raedt, Henricourt, Scmitzen, Herten, Horst, Nerverburg, Dauvenraedt, Dammerscheit, Crombrugghe, Heurne, Hertoge, Maillÿ, Pottelsberg, Sanders, Salart, Huldeberge, Colibraut, Heÿm, Stackenbrock, Neptancourt, Servier, Braick, Sariellant ; Pp. 128 : Armoiries de Boshusen, Vleick, Anstel, Hoen, Paffort, Beustenradt, Reijer, Rimberg, Erenstein, Haren, Caldenborn, Goenradt, Strenensdorps, Schinitten, Meer, Obsinnich, Vanden Warm ; Pp. 129 à 130 : Pages blanches ; Pp. 131 : Armoiries de Baer, Iselstein, Cruningen, Leck, Ranst, Vergÿ, Florenge, Schonhonen, Jeueren, Wisch, Sÿreck, Petersem, Geilenkircken, Bolchen, Rodemachu ; Pp. 132 : Armoiries de Pipin, Ragnerus, de Los, Mauhaut, d'Abor, Nasal, Florines, de Reneck, Rulant, Clermont, de Harzée, d'Orgo, Lavoir, Barchon, Bastieu, Vyreies, Fauerchin, Marneffe ; Pp. 133 : Armoiries de Carpentier, de Perve, Lardier, Surlet, Clocquier, de Herstal, de Flemale, Mÿelen, Henricourt, de Cair, de Fonteines, Baronville, de Seraing, Hallebaÿ, Rosseau, Lavoir, de Heure, St Martin, Cortoÿs ; Pp. 134 : Armoiries de Rolaux, Warfusée, de rocourt, Werfusée, d'Ordang, d'Awÿr, Buchar, Boileawe, Boileau de Grenville, de Sclachins, de Briffeu, Wilkaer, Kanne, Tongris, Oorle, Riexingen, Tonger, de Mulken, Reÿs, de Molendino, Retringen, Bellomonte, d'Eure ; Pp. 135 : Armoiries de Glennes alias Ghelinden, Rykel, Revines, Gohzenham, Rummen, Waley, de Gelinden, de Piteÿ, le Blancq, de Tuÿng, Ryaweÿs, Muson, de Falavia, Tifetingen, Corbeal de Fauwe, Biertau, Brunsbecko, d'Oreille, de Queineu, de Prenode, Beauren, Marfise, Pousten, de Fexha, Christianus ; Pp. 136 : Armoiries de Stapel, de Souris, de le Dycke, Lovegnies, Hamal, Hamale, de Bilsen, Renard de Briamont, Gorillard de Brÿamont, Chaynée, Pannetier, Rouchant, le Bron, Jemeppe, de Viset, Dave, de Holoigne, Predhome, Prodecourt, Froidecourt ; Pp. 137 : Armoiries de Marchine, Anthines, Har, Pexheurgne, de Horion, Pottier, Raissemelle, Bilreult, Bovegnister, Reuwe, Briamont, Fraipont, Wadrechies, d'Ouffiÿ, de Frangnée, Maton, Ruwars, Filve, Reyck, de Vervo, Lauvegnies, Hanneche, Cambys ; Pp. 138 : Armoiries de Wadrechus, de Berlo, d'Emptines, Mandreu, Lineres, Liberti, Primekin, Duobus, Schenderlae, Spauden, Tuynez, Rouffart, le Beau, Vilhet, Sauvegnées, Lardis, Boubais ; Pp. 139 : Armoiries de Lichtenburc, Malle, Viller, Libernieÿ, Oschen, Hodier, Parfondriem, Hubins, Cornbleu, Hodiers, Franchan, Cervo, Blavier, Montenaken, de Bierses, Quartier, Coquercas, Lierune, Beaunen, Mohin, Esdeurne, Rauveroit, Haweneal ; Pp. 140 : Armoiries de Hurseneau, Walle, Bayart, Jupille, Drughien, Fontignes, Chaynees, Chunees, Rogier, Neiest, St Servais, Lardi, Ricaldue, Hanozot, Blehez, Abers, Prato ; Pp. 141 : Armoiries de Pollard, Chabot, Motte, Lens, Fleron, Chaÿnee, d'Oteys, Chainée, d'Astenaÿ, Hermalle, Sassenbrock, Gothem, Strailes, de Valle, de Hosaÿ, del Peron, Paneÿ, Tynes, Eloÿnes ; Pp. 142 : Armoiries de Cormseul, Villeroux, de Vaulx, Doxhen, Bareit, de Champs, Boileauwe, Buÿl, Chosse, le Puissant, Bugmont, Mathon, d'Atÿx, Dathieus, d'Atÿns, Marneff, de Rikle, de Moÿlant, Jaqueminus, Famelette, Mortiernont, d'Aas, Naÿuaing ; Pp. 143 : Armoiries de Charneux, Lonchin, Momale, Potenges, le Paÿen, Coquelet, Valdorias, Castillanus, d'Anthine, Barche, Dijck, Rahirs, Halleÿ, de Moha, de Sprolant, Anceau, Chooux, de Brus, Genelines, Awans, del Maes, Nederhem, Lambuche ; Pp. 144 : Armoiries de Bethune, Braquemont, Stavele, Roÿe, Viesville, Wernibs, Bastoigne, Wylps, Billemont, Mostier, Erckenteil, Brandenborch, Chevalet, Fontoÿ ; Pp. 145 : Armoiries de Chinerÿ, Croÿx, Barroÿ, Monfoÿ, Masson, Cheverson, Mollin, Concÿn, Roseck, Thorer, Harsman, Ottingen, Randeck, Sassenheim, Honstein, Heringen, Engieu, Huÿ, Unnericken, Nocroÿ ; Pp. 146 : Armoiries de Daner, Molenbais, Steinhout, Revildenburg, Dependael, Broch, Breder, Forring, Rindorp, Hannut, Clut, Reymerstock, Thÿl, Mercket, Becker, Eick, Meysenbourg, Leefdael, Senten, Pruÿn, Amstel, Eÿck ; Pp. 147 : Armoiries de Bersez, Metz, Lyers, Lichtenbergh, Herdinx, Guttikeven, Guttikoven, Broick, Soete, Steinhauss, Biedburgh, Utenhoven, Marnix, Carrelat, Vandan, Delepart, Langenmesch ; Pp. 148 : Armoiries de Solario, Ferme, de Lens, Waleraudelle, Grezelo delle Boverie, Lardario ; Pp. 148 à 149 : Armoiries de Over Maes ; Pp. 150 à 164 : Evsthek Luttiche R'Herschastt ; Pp. 165 à 188 : Pages blanches
A regional air quality forecasting system over Europe: the MACC-II daily ensemble production
No full textThis paper describes the pre-operational analysis and forecasting system developed during MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate) and continued in the MACC-II (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate: Interim Implementation) European projects to provide air quality services for the European continent. This system is based on seven state-of-the art models developed and run in Europe (CHIMERE, EMEP, EURAD-IM, LOTOS-EUROS, MATCH, MOCAGE and SILAM). These models are used to calculate multi-model ensemble products. The paper gives an overall picture of its status at the end of MACC-II (summer 2014) and analyses the performance of the multi-model ensemble. The MACC-II system provides daily 96 h forecasts with hourly outputs of 10 chemical species/aerosols (O3, NO2, SO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, NO, NH3, total NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds) and PAN+PAN precursors) over eight vertical levels from the surface to 5 km height. The hourly analysis at the surface is done a posteriori for the past day using a selection of representative air quality data from European monitoring stations.The performance of the system is assessed daily, weekly and every 3 months (seasonally) through statistical indicators calculated using the available representative air quality data from European monitoring stations. Results for a case study show the ability of the ensemble median to forecast regional ozone pollution events. The seasonal performances of the individual models and of the multi-model ensemble have been monitored since September 2009 for ozone, NO2 and PM10. The statistical indicators for ozone in summer 2014 show that the ensemble median gives on average the best performances compared to the seven models. There is very little degradation of the scores with the forecast day but there is a marked diurnal cycle, similarly to the individual models, that can be related partly to the prescribed diurnal variations of anthropogenic emissions in the models. During summer 2014, the diurnal ozone maximum is underestimated by the ensemble median by about 4 μg m−3 on average. Locally, during the studied ozone episodes, the maxima from the ensemble median are often lower than observations by 30–50 μg m−3. Overall, ozone scores are generally good with average values for the normalised indicators of 0.14 for the modified normalised mean bias and of 0.30 for the fractional gross error. Tests have also shown that the ensemble median is robust to reduction of ensemble size by one, that is, if predictions are unavailable from one model. Scores are also discussed for PM10 for winter 2013–1014. There is an underestimation of most models leading the ensemble median to a mean bias of −4.5 μg m−3. The ensemble median fractional gross error is larger for PM10 (~ 0.52) than for ozone and the correlation is lower (~ 0.35 for PM10 and ~ 0.54 for ozone). This is related to a larger spread of the seven model scores for PM10 than for ozone linked to different levels of complexity of aerosol representation in the individual models. In parallel, a scientific analysis of the results of the seven models and of the ensemble is also done over the Mediterranean area because of the specificity of its meteorology and emissions
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Air Quality Production System v1.0
No full textInternational audienceAbstract. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) delivers a wide range of free and open products in relation to atmospheric composition at global and regional scales. The CAMS Regional Service produces daily forecasts, analyses, and reanalyses of air quality in Europe. This service relies on a distributed modelling production by 11 teams in 10 European countries: CHIMERE (France), DEHM (Denmark), EMEP (Norway), EURAD-IM (Germany), GEM-AQ (Poland), LOTOS-EUROS (the Netherlands), MATCH (Sweden), MINNI (Italy), MOCAGE (France), MONARCH (Spain), and SILAM (Finland). The project management and coordination of the service is conducted by a Centralised Regional Production Unit. Every day, each model produces 24 h analyses for the previous day and 97 h forecasts for 19 chemical species over a spatial domain at 0.1 × 0.1° resolution (approximately 10 km × 10 km), with 420 points in latitude and 700 in longitude and 10 vertical levels. Six pollen species are also delivered for the surface forecasts. The 11 individual models are then combined into an ENSEMBLE median. In total, more than 82 billion data points are made available for public use on a daily basis. The design of the system follows clear technical requirements in terms of consistency in the model setup and forcing fields (meteorology, surface anthropogenic emission fluxes, and chemical boundary conditions). But it also benefits from a diversity in the description of atmospheric processes through the design of the 11 European chemistry-transport models (CTMs) involved. The present article aims to provide a comprehensive technical documentation, both for the setup and for the diversity of CTMs involved in the service. We also include an overview of the main output products, their public dissemination, and the related evaluation and quality control strategy
