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Analisis konsep 'urf tijari menurut Muhammad Sayyid Thanthawi sebagai instrumen legal-formal Bunga Bank
Get PDFBank interest is one of the problems of fiqh mu'amalat which will never be finished being studied, researched, and discussed by Muslim academics about its legal status. Bank interest has become a special term that is rooted and binding with the financial industry, both on a micro or macro scale. Banks or financial institutions are the central center for the implementation of interest practices in many financial products offered to customers, so that in the financial aspect, banks will not be separated from the practice of interest itself. So it can be said that the practice of interest and bank is likened to two sides of a coin that cannot be separated from each another.
The scholars have reached the level of ijma '(consensus) against the law of prohibition of usury'. The law of prohibition of riba 'has entered the area of al qot'iyyat or al tsawabit in religion, which is a case where the legal principle is fixed and there can be no other legal interpretation of its status, even though Muslims who deny the legal status of usury are already included in the kufr domain. Some Muslim academics consider that bank interest is the same as usury in terms of its prohibition. The group that prohibits bank interest based its legal logic to qiyas, namely determining the legal status of bank interest to be the same as the legal status of usury on the argument that both have the same aspects of fiqh reasoning, namely the existence of additional elements to the principal.
This study aims to provide a complete and comprehensive picture of the legal status of bank interest through Muhammad sayyid thanthawi's fiqh reasoning with his ‘urf tijarā thinking framework. The logic of fiqh ʻurf tijari Muhammad sayyid thanthawi in formulating the legal status of bank interest is a new matter in the world of academic studies on bank interest. Based on that, this research also uses a qualitative-descriptive method, where the researcher refers to the main source of the book mu'amalatul bunuk wa ahkamu al syari'ah by comparing the main books of the madzhab fiqh.
The results showed that Muhammad sayyid thanthawi's view on the halal status of bank interest practices with legal reasoning through the ʻurf tijari instrument approach is a different elaboration from the fiqh point of view of other Muslim academics. Conclusion legal status of bank interest is lawful to be practiced in the financial industry, because the basic habits (‘urf) in financial activities are deeply rooted in the banking world, and what is accustomed, rooted and agreed upon is binding as a requirement
PEMIKIRAN HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM MUSLIM KONTEMPORER (ELABORASI NALAR MAZHAB EKONOMI ISLAM KONTEMPORER UMAR CHAPRA DAN TIMUR KURAN)
Get PDFThe construction of Islamic economic jurisprudence is based on three pillars which are a special typology for it and are one part of the universality of Islamic sharia, namely the pillars of al taisiir (convenience), al taghoyyur (dynamic), and al waqi'i (realistic). These three pillars can become material for consideration and objects of fiqh reasoning as one of the tools of ijtihad on a local economic/muamalat scale by fuqoha who are economists or fuqoha and economists who synergize in formulating concepts and institutions. Sharia-based economic values have actually been touched upon by revelation as a basis of reference in Islam and then formulated within the framework of ijtihad by Islamic scientists, starting from the era of the Companions of to Al-Syatibi which were immortalized in their works, even though they are still thoughts. Generally, Islamic economic thought is divided into three, namely the classical Islamic economic school which has a legalistic and normative genre (pure fiqh) and has not yet entered the practical realm in the field as a standard economic concept and regulation in a significant way. Second, the Islamic economics school which seeks to interpret revelations in the context of developments of the times, and thirdly, the Islamic economics school which is oriented towards western schools (Europe and America) whose concepts and thoughts are expressed in two central figures of modern Muslim economists from different schools, namely Umar Chapra and east of Kuran.
Keywords: Economic jurisprudence construction, Islamic economic school, revelation, jurisprudential reaso
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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