24 research outputs found
Universitätsarchiv Bielefeld
No full textLöning M. Universitätsarchiv Bielefeld. In: Moebius S, Ploder A, eds. Handbuch Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Soziologie. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden; 2017: 1-8.Der Beitrag stellt das Universitätsarchiv Bielefeld und die für ein vergleichsweise kleines und junges Archiv große Anzahl an Beständen vor, die soziologiegeschichtlich relevant sind. Neben dem Bestand der einzigen Fakultät für Soziologie in Deutschland sind dies insbesondere Nach- bzw. Vorlässe von Franz-Xaver Kaufmann, Niklas Luhmann, Otthein Rammstedt, Gottfried Salomon-Delatour, Helmut Schelsky und Mathilde Vaerting sowie das Georg Simmel-Archiv (Kopien-Archiv)
« Créer ensemble un nouveau champ d’études ». Entretien avec Stephan Moebius sur l’historiographie de la sociologie germanophone
No full textLe Handbuch Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Soziologie (Manuel Histoire de la sociologie germanophone) est la dernière manifestation en date de l’intense activité de recherche en matière d’historiographie de la sociologie germanophone. Martin Strauss a saisi cette occasion pour s’entretenir avec Stephan Moebius, éditeur du Manuel avec Andrea Ploder. L’échange met au jour l’environnement de la recherche dont est issu ce projet inédit. De plus, il fournit des repères intellectuels et institutionnels pour comprendre l’histoire récente de l’historiographie de la sociologie germanophone. Enfin, il discute des finalités et des modalités de cette historiographie et la met en rapport avec d’autres disciplines. L’objectif est de contribuer à faire connaître un mouvement de recherche en histoire des sciences sociales peu connu en France et d’inciter à l’échange international en la matière. La bibliographie annexe servira comme point de départ pour se familiariser avec cette littérature germanophone. Dans ce numéro, le lecteur trouvera également un compte rendu de ce manuel.The Handbuch Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Soziologie (Manual History of German-speaking Sociology) is the last embodiment to date of intense research activity on the historiography of German-speaking sociology. It was the perfect moment to interview Stephan Moebius, the editor of the Manual, with Andrea Ploder. Our discussion sheds light on the research environment in which this exceptional project emerged. It also supplies the intellectual and institutional background needed to understand the recent history of the historiography of German-speaking sociology. Lastly, it addresses the different finalities and forms of this historiography, and relates it to other disciplines. The interview therefore helps turn the spotlight on a research trend in the history of the social sciences that is little known in France, and so to foster connections on this area. The bibliography will be a useful starting-point for getting to know this German-speaking literature
Ready to be Irritated? Sensitizing the Methods of Qualitative Intercultural Communication Research through Post-colonial Theory
No full textIn academic research on intercultural communication, imperfect translation of culturally shaped articulation is usually conceived of as a problem—be it in scientific settings or in everyday-life. The success of intercultural communication thus becomes the desired goal. Against the background of post-colonial theory, the present contribution rests on the assumption that communicative irritation in the framework of qualitative research can be an expression of the research subjects' resistive potential to negotiate their identities beyond the limits of discursive attributes. The author holds that this potential can be transformed into a fruitful irritation of the scientific discourse itself.
Based on these arguments, qualitative research is required to allow for the resistive potential of research subjects throughout the different stages of the research process. With reference to selected qualitative works, some strategies will be sketched to employ post-colonial ideas to qualitative research.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs090142
¿Listos para irritarse? Para sensibilizar los métodos de la investigación cualitativa en la comunicación intercultural por medio de la teoría post-colonial
Get PDFIn der Forschung zur interkulturellen Kommunikation werden Phänomene unzulänglicher Übersetzung kulturell geprägter Artikulation – im Alltag, aber auch in Forschungssituationen – meist als Problem konzipiert. Das Gelingen interkultureller Kommunikation wird dabei zum erstrebenswerten Ziel. Vor dem Hintergrund postkolonialer Theorie geht der vorliegende Beitrag davon aus, dass kommunikative Irritationen im Rahmen qualitativer Forschung Ausdruck eines widerständigen Potenzials von Beforschten sein können, ihre Identität jenseits diskursiver Zuschreibungen zu verhandeln. Dieses Potenzial, so die These, kann in eine produktive Irritation des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses umgesetzt werden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Frage nach den Ressourcen qualitativer Forschung gestellt, dem widerständigen Potenzial von Beforschten in den verschiedenen Phasen des Forschungsprozesses Rechnung zu tragen. Anhand ausgewählter Arbeiten aus dem Bereich der qualitativen Forschung werden einige Strategien einer sinnvollen Übersetzung postkolonialer Einsichten in den Forschungsprozess vorgestellt.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0901426In academic research on intercultural communication, imperfect translation of culturally shaped articulation is usually conceived of as a problem—be it in scientific settings or in everyday-life. The success of intercultural communication thus becomes the desired goal. Against the background of post-colonial theory, the present contribution rests on the assumption that communicative irritation in the framework of qualitative research can be an expression of the research subjects' resistive potential to negotiate their identities beyond the limits of discursive attributes. The author holds that this potential can be transformed into a fruitful irritation of the scientific discourse itself.
Based on these arguments, qualitative research is required to allow for the resistive potential of research subjects throughout the different stages of the research process. With reference to selected qualitative works, some strategies will be sketched to employ post-colonial ideas to qualitative research.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0901426La investigación de la comunicación intercultural suele tratar, muchas veces como problema, la imperfecta traducción de la articulación cultural – sea en la vida cotidiana o en situaciones de investigación. El éxito de la comunicación intercultural se convierte así en el objetivo deseado. Basándose en la teoría post-colonial este artículo parte de que el concepto de la irritación comunicativa en la investigación cualitativa puede ser una expresión del potencial de resistencia de las personas investigadas para negociar su propia identidad más allá de los límites de atributos discursivos. El autor sostiene que este potencial se puede transformar en una irritación fructífera del discurso científico mismo. De ahí se plantea que la investigación cualitativa requiere del potencial de resistencia de las personas investigadas a través de las diferentes etapas del proceso de la investigación. Con ayuda de trabajos escogidos del campo de la investigación cualitativa se describen algunas estrategias para emplear ideas post-coloniales en la investigación cualitativa.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs090142
Wollen wir uns irritieren lassen? Für eine Sensibilisierung der Methoden qualitativer Forschung zur interkulturellen Kommunikation durch postkoloniale Theorie
No full textIn der Forschung zur interkulturellen Kommunikation werden Phänomene unzulänglicher Übersetzung kulturell geprägter Artikulation – im Alltag, aber auch in Forschungssituationen – meist als Problem konzipiert. Das Gelingen interkultureller Kommunikation wird dabei zum erstrebenswerten Ziel. Vor dem Hintergrund postkolonialer Theorie geht der vorliegende Beitrag davon aus, dass kommunikative Irritationen im Rahmen qualitativer Forschung Ausdruck eines widerständigen Potenzials von Beforschten sein können, ihre Identität jenseits diskursiver Zuschreibungen zu verhandeln. Dieses Potenzial, so die These, kann in eine produktive Irritation des wissenschaftlichen Diskurses umgesetzt werden.
Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Frage nach den Ressourcen qualitativer Forschung gestellt, dem widerständigen Potenzial von Beforschten in den verschiedenen Phasen des Forschungsprozesses Rechnung zu tragen. Anhand ausgewählter Arbeiten aus dem Bereich der qualitativen Forschung werden einige Strategien einer sinnvollen Übersetzung postkolonialer Einsichten in den Forschungsprozess vorgestellt.In academic research on intercultural communication, imperfect translation of culturally shaped articulation is usually conceived of as a problem—be it in scientific settings or in everyday-life. The success of intercultural communication thus becomes the desired goal. Against the background of post-colonial theory, the present contribution rests on the assumption that communicative irritation in the framework of qualitative research can be an expression of the research subjects' resistive potential to negotiate their identities beyond the limits of discursive attributes. The author holds that this potential can be transformed into a fruitful irritation of the scientific discourse itself.
Based on these arguments, qualitative research is required to allow for the resistive potential of research subjects throughout the different stages of the research process. With reference to selected qualitative works, some strategies will be sketched to employ post-colonial ideas to qualitative research.La investigación de la comunicación intercultural suele tratar, muchas veces como problema, la imperfecta traducción de la articulación cultural – sea en la vida cotidiana o en situaciones de investigación. El éxito de la comunicación intercultural se convierte así en el objetivo deseado. Basándose en la teoría post-colonial este artículo parte de que el concepto de la irritación comunicativa en la investigación cualitativa puede ser una expresión del potencial de resistencia de las personas investigadas para negociar su propia identidad más allá de los límites de atributos discursivos. El autor sostiene que este potencial se puede transformar en una irritación fructífera del discurso científico mismo. De ahí se plantea que la investigación cualitativa requiere del potencial de resistencia de las personas investigadas a través de las diferentes etapas del proceso de la investigación. Con ayuda de trabajos escogidos del campo de la investigación cualitativa se describen algunas estrategias para emplear ideas post-coloniales en la investigación cualitativa
Strengthening the Self-Esteem and Social Status of Students through Life Skills Education : “it’s hard to build up healthy self-esteem in a child if they are immediately ruled out by the smallest mistake”
No full textMeginmarkmið rannsóknarinnar er að varpa ljósi á hvernig lífsleiknikennslu á miðstigi er háttað í fjórum grunnskólum á landinu. Í því samhengi er sjónum sérstaklega beint að tveimur þáttum en það eru sjálfsmynd og félagsleg staða nemenda. Til þess að kanna það var ákveðið að skoða viðhorf fjögurra kennara á mikilvægi eflingu þáttana tveggja með því að skyggnast inn í lífsleikni kennslu þeirra. Eigindleg aðferðafræði í formi hálfopinna viðtala varð fyrir valinu sem rannsóknaraðferð.
Markmið höfundar var einnig að skoða hvernig kennarar vinna og skipuleggja kennslu sína með þættina tvo í huga. Þar að auki var litið til áhrifa og árangurs kennslunnar sem og hvað betur mætti fara í að mati kennara. Höfundur leitast einnig við að kortleggja gagnlegt námsefni sem kennarar geta stuðst við í lífsleiknikennslunni og þannig öðlast ákveðna sýn á hvað hugnist þeim best.
Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar sýndu fram á jákvæð viðhorf allra viðmælenda sem voru sammála um að styrking sjálfsmyndar og félagsfærni nemenda væri lykilatriði í lífsleiknikennslu. Vegna örrar samfélagsbreytinga kom í ljós sú afstaða að þörfin væri ef til vill meiri eða mikilvægara en áður að taka á félagslegum þáttum nemenda í grunnskólum í dag.
Það sem allir viðmælendur áttu einnig sameiginlegt var að þeim fannst að skipuleggja þyrfti kennslustundir á sem fjölbreyttastan hátt með umræðum þar sem rík áhersla væri lögð á tjáningu nemenda. Kennarar skipulögðu vinnu sína með ólíkum hætti og svo virtist sem kennslan tæki talsvert mið af því hvernig nemendahópurinn var samsettur. Erfitt er að alhæfa út frá niðurstöðum rannsóknarinnar en þó virðist sem lífsleiknikennslan geti skilað árangri og haft áhrif að sögn kennara. Notkun kennslubóka virðist vera í lágmarki, en aðeins fjórir titlar komu til tals í rannsókninni.
Af niðurstöðum rannsóknarinnar um gagnsemi námsefnis telur rannsakandi að agastefna hvers skóla skipi stærstan þátt kennslunnar sem og ýmis verkefni kennara sem reynst hafa þeim vel í gegnum tíðina. Ýmsar rannsóknir hafa sýnt fram á að lífsleiknikennsla geti gegnt ákveðnu forvarnargildi og í ljósi þess telur rannsakandi afar þarft að skoða nánar stöðu lífsleikninnar í dag og styðja betur við bakið á kennurum til eflingar fagmennsku þeirra á þessu sviði.The main goal of this project is to get an overview of life skills education in four elementary schools in Iceland, with the primary areas of focus being the development of self-esteem and the strengthening of social skills in students. It was decided to explore the perspectives of four teachers on the importance of enhancing these two factors by examining their life skills teaching methods. A qualitative methodology in the form of a semi-open interviews was therefore chosen for this inquiry.
A secondary goal is to examine how the teachers work and organize their teaching with these two factors in mind and to assess the impact and effectiveness of said teaching, as well as generate suggested improvements. The author also strives to map out learning materials that could be useful for the teachers in their life skills education curriculum, thereby gaining a better understanding of their preferences.
The results of this project showed a positive attitude from all interviewees to life skills education, and that strengthening the self-esteem and social skills of students were considered key elements. The teachers also stressed that the need to focus on the social aspects of students today is more important than ever due to rapid changes in society.
Other results of the project show that the composition of the student group has a significant impact on how the teachers plan their lessons. And that, even though the interviewees organize their lesson in a wide variety of ways, they all agree on the importance of discussion and expression in the classroom. Additionally, the use of textbooks seems to be minimal, with only four titles included in the study.
Each school's discipline model also seems to play a crucial role in the teachers’ choices while planning their life skills lessons, as well as the inclusion of various projects that the interviewees feel have proven to be successful in the past. Although it is difficult to generalize too broadly based on the results of the study, it can be stated that life skills education seems to be highly effective and influential according to the teachers interviewed.
Life skills education can represent a certain value of prevention and in accordance with that the researcher suggests there is a great need to take a closer look at the life skills curriculum in schools today. Teachers clearly need more support in the field as well as enhancement to their continued professional development
Age, microbiology and prognostic scores help to differentiate between secondary and tertiary peritonitis
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Accelerated Tryptophan Degradation Predicts Poor Survival in Trauma and Sepsis Patients
No full text Immune system activation and inflammation accompanies immune dysfunction in trauma and sepsis patients. Immunodeficiency may develop in such patients as one consequence of an activated chronic pro-inflammatory response. According to recent data, degradation of L-tryptophan (TRP) via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway by the cytokine-inducible enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) could represent an important contributor to the deficient responsiveness of immunocompetent cells. Compared to healthy controls, patients post trauma or with sepsis had increasing KYN concentrations and KYN to TRP ratios (KYN/TRP) whereas TRP concentrations decreased. Likewise, concentrations of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and of immune activation marker neopterin increased in patients (all p < 0.001). Furthermore in patients KYN/TRP, KYN and neopterin concentrations were further increasing (all p < 0.001), whereas the changes of TRP, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were not significant. Compared to the survivors, the non-survivors had a higher concentration of KYN, neopterin, TNF-α and IL-6 as well as a higher KYN/TRP ratio. KYN/TRP correlated with neopterin (p < 0.001) and also with TNF-α (p < 0.01) and IL-6 concentrations (p < 0.05) and inversely with the in vitro response of stimulated monocytes. We conclude that increased TRP degradation in patients post trauma is closely associated with immune activation. Cytokines released during the pro-inflammatory response may induce the activity of IDO and thus accelerate TRP degradation. Thus, increased IDO activity most likely represents a result of host response to pro-inflammation in patients. Data support a possible role of inflammation-induced IDO in the diminished immunoresponsiveness in patients. </jats:p
Tryptophan degradation in multiple trauma patients: survivors compared with non-survivors
No full textInternational audienceImmune dysfunction in trauma patients is associated with immune system activation and inflammation. Cytokine-inducible enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) initiates the degradation of the essential aromatic amino acid tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and could contribute to deficient immune responsiveness. Activated IDO is indicated by an increased kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (kyn/trp). This study investigated whether tryptophan degradation is associated with outcome of patients post trauma. Tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations were measured by HPLC in serum specimens of 15 patients post-trauma during 12-14 days of follow up. Of every patient up to 5 specimens within this observation period were included in this analysis, in total 69 specimens were available. For further comparisons, concentrations of immune activation marker neopterin were measured. Compared to healthy controls, average kyn/trp and kynurenine were increased in patients, and tryptophan concentrations were decreased. During follow-up, increasing kyn/trp and kynurenine concentrations (all p <0.001) were observed, the changes of tryptophan concentrations were not significant. Non-survivors presented with higher kyn/trp and with higher kynurenine concentrations than survivors. Kyn/trp correlated with neopterin (rs = 0.590, p <0.001) concentrations. Data imply that increased tryptophan degradation in patients is due to activated IDO, which most likely represents a result of host defence response. Data support a possible role of IDO in the development of immunodeficiency and death in patients
