1,721,051 research outputs found

    Chemical composition and feeding value of vegetable wastes collected from Palu traditional markets as feed component of ruminants / Marsetyo Marsetyo and I Wayan Sulendre

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    Two studies were done to identify chemical content of vegetable waste (VW) from Palu markets (study 1) and to examine the effect of VW level inclusion in the diet on total dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), average daily gain (ADG) and income over feed cost (IOFC) of Kacang goat received with rice bran (RB) (study 2). In study2, there were 4 treatments and 6 replications in a completely randomized block design. The treatment include RB plus corn stover, RB plus CS: VW (80:20), RB plus CS: VW (60:40), RB plus CS: VW (40:60, all are ad libitum. Total VW collected from Palu markets was 46.931 kg/months. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fibre (CF) of VW were variable with the range of 10.32-25.36; 85.33- 91.87;2.80-25.85; and 4.23-46.29%, respectively. Goat received RB plus CS: VW (40:60) ad libitum had the highest total DMI, DMD, LWG and IOFC value. It was concluded that VW can be included in goat diet up to 60% with high profitability

    MICROBIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION IN THE RUMEN OF STEERS FED LOW QUALITY FORAGE SUPPLEMENTED WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF BARLEY GRAIN OR BARLEY GRAIN PLUS PROTEIN

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    ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of increasing intake of barley grain or barley grain plus protein as supplement on microbial crude protein (MCP) production, efficiency of microbial crude protein production (eMCP) in the rumen of Brahman steers consuming low quality forage. Ten steers were used and allocated to two supplement groups namely barley grain (B) and barley plus protein (BP). The experimental design was two incomplete 5x5 Latin Squares, each with three runs. Each run consisted of a 21 d adaptation and 7 d collection period. Steers received Green panic hay ad libitum with one of five levels of B or BP (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0% of body weight per day (W/d)). MCP production in the rumen increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing intake of B or BP supplements. The MCP in the rumen increased linearly (P<0.05) and quadratically (P<0.05) by increased B and BP intakes, respectively. Generally, steers supplemened with BP had greater (P<0.01) MCP production and eMCP in the rumen than B supplemented steers. The concentration of rumen NH3-N (samples taken at 3 h after feeding) increased linearly with increased B or BP intakes. For samples taken at 24 h post feeding, the concentration of rumen NH3-N was not changed (P>0.05) with increased B intake but increased linearly (P<0.01) with increased BP intake. Ruminal pH at 3 h after feeding decreased linearly (P<0.05) due to increased B intake, but was not altered (P>0.05) by increased BP intake. For samples taken at 24 h post feeding in contrast, was not influenced (P>0.05) by intake of B or BP. It was concluded that although both supplements increased MCP production and eMCP in the rumen of steers receiving low quality forage, BP supplementation had much more beneficial effect than B supplementation. Keywords: barley, protein, rumen, steer, forag

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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