270 research outputs found
Author response: Gender bias in scholarly peer review
No full textPeer review is the cornerstone of scholarly publishing and it is essential that peer reviewers are appointed on the basis of their expertise alone. However, it is difficult to check for any bias in the peer-review process because the identity of peer reviewers generally remains confidential. Here, using public information about the identities of 9000 editors and 43000 reviewers from the Frontiers series of journals, we show that women are underrepresented in the peer-review process, that editors of both genders operate with substantial same-gender preference (homophily), and that the mechanisms of this homophily are gender-dependent. We also show that homophily will persist even if numerical parity between genders is reached, highlighting the need for increased efforts to combat subtler forms of gender bias in scholarly publishing
Light Coal: Development of a torrefaction reactor and business system for Himalayan India
No full textNovel methods of the implementation of technology can be instrumental in aiding the growth of developing countries. Here, torrefaction has been investigated for its application to rural, Himalayan India, for the production of solid fuel briquettes from pine needles for sale to the food industry. Here, both technical and social aspects are combined to simultaneously develop the entire business system. In the technical research, the design, modelling, construction, and testing of a torrefaction reactor have been carried out. After the design of a locally adapted reactor, a model was developed for the heat transfer, solid decomposition, and gas production in the reactor. Moderate results were achieved, with reasonable mass yields and estimates of the fuel value of the produced gas. In the social research, the design of the business system with emphasis on cultural considerations has been carried out, including the business model, value propositions, stakeholder analysis, logistics system, business management structure, operations and maintenance systems, financial analysis, and environmental analysis. Various measures have been proposed to incorporate a professional work culture with local values into the management structure. In addition, the financial and environmental analyses show strong advantages over local competitors in cooking fuels. Although further research is needed to develop the technology before realization of the project, this novel method of simultaneous development of the technology and business system with contextual consideration has produced a promising foundation of a business with much potential. This project has been carried out in tandem between Vidyut Mohan and Ryan Helmer, and thus methods and findings are divided between the reports of each of the authors.Process and EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Dissemination of knowledge from Cochrane systematic reviews in public health: Cross-sectional study: Stefanie Maria Helmer
No full textBACKGROUND: Appropriate dissemination of public health evidence is of high importance to ensure that relevant knowledge reaches potential stakeholders and relevant population groups. A wide distrust towards science and its findings indicates that communication thereof remains below its potential. Cochrane Public Health (CPH) provides an important source of high-quality scientific evidence. This study aimed to identify (1) dissemination strategies and (2) possible stakeholders of Cochrane Public Health reviews. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, meta-research study. All 68 records (reviews or protocols) listed on the CPH website https://ph.cochrane.org/cph-reviews-and-topics up to 08.03.2022 were included. Record characteristics, dissemination strategy information and potential stakeholder details were coded by one author and 10% of records were checked by another author. Data were descriptively analysed. RESULTS: 53 reviews (46 systematic reviews, 6 rapid reviews, 1 scoping review) and 15 review protocols were included. The 53 reviews were published between 2010-2022 and included 1-153 primary studies. All reviews had an open-access plain language summary (PLS) in English with translations in 3-13 other languages. Although 16 of 53 reviews and 4 of 15 protocols reported any involvement in the review process of an advisory group, only 3 of 68 records included a dissemination plan aiming to inform non-academic audiences or policy. CONCLUSIONS: All identified records can be considered as relevant to a wide range of stakeholders and population groups. However, CPH reviews or protocols rarely report their dissemination strategies. It is unclear what dissemination strategies are used after CPH reviews are published. High relevance of CPH evidence for non-academic stakeholders and the general population highlights the need for adequate knowledge translation beyond academia. KEY MESSAGES: • Dissemination plans and implementation is rarely reported in CPH reviews. • Evidence from CPH reviews is relevant for a multitude of stakeholders
The soils face: classifying soil-surface dynamics with image-based photogrammetric methods
No full textBlattschäden und Wachstum im Jahr 2021 an Jungbäumen der Rotbuche und Traubeneiche entlang eines Klima- und atmosphärischen Stickstoffgradienten
No full textFeinwurzelmorphologie der Douglasie in Naturverjüngung im Schwarzwald unter Einfluss atmosphärischer Stickstoffdeposition und Trockenheit
No full textFeinwurzelmorphologie von Fagus sylvatica und Abies alba bei erhöhter Stickstoffdeposition in Norddeutschland
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Entwicklung eines Echtzeitsensors zur Bodenerosionsmessung unter Verwendung der Time Domain Refelctometry
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