1,721,069 research outputs found
Global social movement networks and the politics of change
No full textThe emerging structures of global social movements and their impact
on policy change are examined in Chapter 4, ‘Global Social Movement
Networks and the Politics of Change’, by Raff aele Marchetti and Mario
Pianta. The authors identify three key novelties of such networks. First,
they organizationally constitute the backbone of a new political agency
that it is openly global , thus di ff erent from traditional contentious agency at
the national level; second, they show a degree of political maturation in the framing of issues from local and national protest to global proposals; and,
fi nally, they develop a specifi c strategic-political skill in both challenging
and implementing institutional policy-making at the state and international
levels. Organizational structure, themes and strategy constitute the three
elements characterizing the unique nature of transnational social networks
as key elements for understanding global politics in general, and global
contentious politics in particular. The chapter concludes with examples of
how these global social movements have concretely aff ected transnational
and national policies, illustrating the ‘global activism–policy nexus’ and its
manifestations at diff erent levels of governanc
Innovations, wages, and profits
No full textThis paper investigates the dynamics of wages and profits and the influence innovation strategies have on them. The relationships between innovation, productivity, and distribution are modeled and estimated by employing panel data techniques. Two European innovation surveys (1994-96 and 1998-2000) are used with data at both the country and industry levels. Innovation is found to have positive effects on income dynamics beyond the role it has on productivity gains; it may weaken the distribution constraint posed by the competition between profits and wages. Profits are driven by both the Schumpeterian effects of new products and the diffusion effects of new technologies and production processes. Wages tend to grow faster in sectors where innovation expenditure is higher, but the factors affecting wages are different for high- and low-innovation sectors, suggesting that two contrasting models of technological and price competitiveness have important distributional implications
Structural change, Technology and Income Distribution
Full text linkIl presente lavoro propone un’analisi del cambiamento strutturale e delle dinamiche inerenti la distribuzione del reddito combinando l’approccio Neo-Schumpeteriano all’innovazione tecnologica con la prospettiva Post-Keynesiana riguardo al ruolo della domanda effettiva e ai meccanismi che determinano la dinamica di salari e profitti. Da un lato ci rifacciamo alla letteratura evolutiva e distinguiamo tra input e output dell'innovazione e tra innovazione di prodotto e processo, enfatizzando la differenza tra strategie finalizzate ad aumentare la qualità dei prodotti e aprire nuovi mercati e strategie basate sulla competitività di costo, che mirano principalmente ad aumentare l’efficienza produttiva per ridurre i costi di produzione. Dall’altro lato teniamo conto della specifica struttura della domanda delle industrie e della natura conflittuale della distribuzione del reddito, indagando alcuni dei fattori strutturali e istituzionali che influiscono sul tasso di crescita di salari e profitti. Inoltre, si tiene conto dei cambiamenti intervenuti su scala globale nelle ultime tre decadi (liberalizzazione dei mercati di merci e capitali e forte riduzione dei costi di comunicazione e trasporto), che hanno reso sempre più rilevanti fenomeni come la delocalizzazione della produzione all’estero e dunque la disintegrazione globale dei processi produttivi. Viene quindi analizzata la relazione tra le diverse strategie di offshoring perseguite dalle industrie e le loro performance in termini di crescita; nondimeno, ci si sofferma sull'impatto che la frammentazione internazionale della produzione ha sulla distribuzione del reddito. Sul piano empirico utilizziamo il Sectoral Innovation Database (SID), sviluppato presso l’Università di Urbino, che include dati su 21 settori manifatturieri e 17 settori dei servizi per sei paesi europei (Francia, Germania, Italia, Paesi Bassi, Spagna e the United Kindgom) dal 1994 al 2014.Our dissertation proposes an integrated approach to structural change and distributional dynamics combining a Neo-Schumpeterian perspective on technological change and a Post-Keynesian view on demand and income distribution. We build on evolutionary literature and distinguish between the input and output of innovation and between product and process innovation, proxying a technology-driven and cost-based competitiveness strategy, respectively. In line with Post-Keynesian theory, we account for the specific demand structures of industries and the conflictual nature of income distribution, investigating the structural and institutional factors which shape the balance of power between capital and labour and therefore the dynamics of wages and profits. In addition, we account for the modern process of global fragmentation of production spurred by the worldwide liberalization of trade and capital markets and the strong reductions of communication and transport costs. Accordingly, we investigate the relationships between offshoring strategies of industries – focusing on their technological dimension – and their growth performance and inquire the impact that the former have on the wage and profit dynamics. On the empirical ground, we use the Sectoral Innovation Database (SID), which has been developed at the University of Urbino and including data for 21 manufacturing and 17 service sectors for six major European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kindgom) from 1994 to 2014. This dataset provides a comprehensive view of industries’ dynamics, allowing to properly investigate the changing composition of the economies and the structural transformations related to the internationalization of production. Moreover, our analysis properly accounts for the role of sectoral systems of innovation allowing to assess the dominant competitiveness strategy pursued by industries and shed light on their different distributive outcomes
Capitalismo e (dis)ordine mondiale
No full textNel sistema storico-sociale del mondo moderno sta prendendo piede una trasformazione di grandi proporzioni, che crea un diffuso senso di incertezza sul presente e l’immediato futuro. Nelle parole di Eric Hobsbawm, mentre “i cittadini di questa fine di secolo cercano, nella nebbia globale che li avvolge, la strada per avanzare nel terzo millennio, l’unica cosa che sanno con certezza è che un’epoca storica è finita. La loro conoscenza non va oltre”
Employment, Innovation, and Productivity: Evidence from Italian Microdata
Full text linkItalian manufacturing firms have been losing ground with respect to many of their European competitors. This paper presents some empirical evidence on the effects of innovation on employment growth and therefore on firms' productivity with the goal of understanding the roots of such poor performance. We use firm level data from the last three surveys on Italian manufacturing firms conducted by Mediocredito-Capitalia, which cover the period 1995-2003. Using a slightly modified version of the model proposed by Harrison, Jaumandreu, Mairesse and Peters (HJMP 2005), which separates employment growth rates into those associated with old and new products, we find no evidence of significant employment displacement effects stemming from process innovation. The sources of employment growth during the period are split equally between the net contribution of product innovation and the net contribution from sales growth of old products. However, the contribution of product innovation to employment growth is somewhat lower than in the four European countries considered in HJMP 2005, and the contribution of innovation in general to productivity growth is almost nil in Italy during this period.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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