2,227 research outputs found
Initial training policies and transferability of skills in Britain and Spain
No full textThis paper analyses the relationship between initial vocational education and training (VET) and life-long learning by looking at the way and extent to which different training policies foster the acquisition of general and transferable skills. General and transferable skills are defined in contrast to specific skills, as not being tied to any particular firm, sector or work process but as being applicable to a wide range of educational and professional situations. The term covers many different skills such as entrepreneurial (creativity, risk-management, responsibility, decision-making skills and initiative), interpersonal skills (flexibility, conflict-handling, team-building capacities), communication skills (reading comprehension, writing, foreign languages, negotiation skills) and other intellectual skills (mathematics, problem-solving, quality awareness and the up-dating of knowledge). General skills or qualifications are broader conceptually and they are usually defined in contrast to firm-specific ones. Both general and core skills have become increasingly valuable in labour markets that are characterised by change and where there is a constant need to adapt to new developments in technology and working methods. Concrete, specific or technical skills may become obsolete very rapidly and in addition the value of overly narrow vocational qualifications is diminishing in the light of technological innovation.
The paper is organised as follows. Firstly, we consider some of the factors that particularly affect the investment in training and the investment in transferable skills. Secondly, we place the training reforms in Spain and in Britain in a contextual framework and give an outline of the direction of these reforms in relation to those intervening factors. We argue that with the reform of their national training systems, which in both cases started in the late eighties, Spain and the UK have followed different routes in order to foster precisely an increase in the investment on the type of transferable or core skills mentioned above. Those pathways differ in two main dimensions: on the one hand, the extent to which policy strategies have aimed at reducing either individual or firms' constraints to receive or invest in transferable training; on the other hand, the extent to which the emphasis for certification focused on "demonstrated learning outcomes" (as opposed to "particular learning processes or places"). Finally, we present some of the policy lessons from the experience of both sets of reforms identifying the characteristics that might contribute and those that might hinder such investment
Book Reviews and Notices
Get PDFObra ressenyada: Mar CRUZ PIÑOL, Mar, Lingüística de corpus y enseñanza del español como 2/L. Madrid: Arco/Libros, 2012
Book Reviews and Notices
No full textObra ressenyada: Mar CRUZ PIÑOL, Mar, Lingüística de corpus y enseñanza del español como 2/L. Madrid: Arco/Libros, 2012
Áreas marinas protegidas en Colombia: la apuesta por la conservación de la biodiversidad marina
No full textColombia es el segundo país a nivel mundial con mayor biodiversidad biológica después de Brasil, sin embargo no se conoce con la suficiente propiedad la biodiversidad marina. Las Áreas Marinas Protegidas –AMP-, dentro de los Parques Nacionales Naturales y de responsabilidad pública son esenciales e importantes para la conservación de la biodiversidad marina y para afianzar y apropiar una Conciencia Marítima nacional. El caso de estudio del Santuario de Fauna y Flora de la Isla de Malpelo en el Pacífico colombiano, como referente de aplicación para la conservación de la biodiversidad marina, permite identificar conforme a los objetivos de la Convención sobre la Diversidad Bilógica, i) garantizar la conservación de la diversidad biológica, ii) el uso sostenible de sus componentes y iii) la participación justa y equitativa en los beneficios que se deriven de la utilización de los recursos genéticos; el grado de atención y responsabilidades de Colombia en el escenario regional e internacional, entorna a la protección y conservación de la biodiversidad marina
Development and characterization of edible films based on cassava starch-glycerol blends to incorporate nutraceuticals
No full textEdible films are thin layers made of materials such as starch and proteins. Starch is a polysaccharide that could be interesting in the edible film technology. An important starch source is cassava, produced abundantly, inexpensive, and is able to form films. However, for the production of edible film with good flexibility, a plasticizer such as glycerol is usually utilized and it can affect film physical properties. In addition, the current research on edible films is focused on the addition of active compounds that improve the food packaging and/or bring health benefits to consumers. One of those active compounds are nutraceuticals, diet supplements necessary for metabolism and to prevent diseases. Iron is one of the minerals that people do not consume in enough amounts and its deficiency may cause anemia. Therefore, the objectives of this research were: (1) Formulate a solution of cassava starch-glycerol that can effectively carry nutraceuticals into the matrix; and (2) Investigate the impacts of iron gluconate on properties and functionalities of the films. Results obtained from gloss values, morphology and rheology of starch concentrations, it was determined that 3% cassava starch produced homogeneous and transparent films. Also, the results obtained with the addition of glycerol exhibited increased the gelatinization temperature, gelatinization enthalpy, and drying time. The tensile strength decreased with the glycerol content and Elongation at break decreased between 0 to 20% glycerol. It appears that glycerol can exert an antiplasticizing effect because glycerol did not affect the extensibility of plasticized films when it is introduced at low levels. Data from moisture sorption isotherms found that the more appropriate models to fit the experimental data were GAB (R2=0.85) and BET (R2=0.9). Also, was detected the retrogradation of films during drying and films with glycerol needs the double of time to start retrogradation than films with no glycerol. Based on these results, the best formulation with good properties is 3% cassava and 30% glycerol. Lastly, the results obtained with the incorporation of iron gluconate (IG) showed that apparent viscosity of solutions increased as IG concentration increased. Color of films were affected by IG, especially b* values due to its yellowish appearance. The GAB and BET model determined that allowed to determine the water adsorption values at the monolayer level (mo), and all films with IG adsorbed less water than films with no IG. Also, the addition of IG increased tensile strength and elongation at break. From the release kinetics of IG, no definitive conclusion could be drawn concerning the dominating release mechanism. This study demonstrated the capability of cassava-glycerol blends to carry iron gluconate.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Edith N. Castro De Cru
Métricas de autor Laura Elizabeth Castro Jiménez
No full textInforme de las métricas de autor de la Dra. Laura Elizabeth Castro Jiménez de las publicaciones indexadas en Google Académico cuyo objetivo es entregar un insumo para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades y potencialidades de los autores de la Universidad Santo Tomás en el posicionamiento y visibilidad de sus publicacionesReport of the author metrics of Laura Elizabeth Castro Jiménez of the publications indexed in Google Scholar whose objective is to provide an input for the strengthening of the capacities and potentialities of the authors of the Santo Tomás University in the positioning and visibility of their publications.http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.c
Estabilidad y cambio en las políticas andaluzas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación
Get PDFPublicado en: Revista Internacional de Sociología, 35: 7-51, 2003[EN] This article describes and analyses the Andalusian Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy evolution from the mid eighties up to 2001, using an analytical framework that takes on board several variables such as models and ideas, interests, political preferences, institutions and socio-economic factors. Andalusia was one of the first Spanish Autonomous Communities to initiate a regional science, technology and innovation policy. The isolation of the scientific and technological domains has been one of the key features of STI policy in this region, with a clear predominance of the first over the second. It is argued that the key explanatory factor of the initial academic orientation of Andalusia STI regional policy and of its consolidation and stability over time has been the strength of university and scientific interests within the region al political game.[ES] En este artículo se describe y analiza la evolución que ha seguido la política regional de ciencia, tecnología e innovación de Andalucía desde la primera mitad de los 80, a partir de la consideración de diversas variables tales como los modelos e ideas, los intereses, las preferencias políticas y el contexto socioeconómico e institucional. Andalucía fue una de las primeras Comunidades Autónomas que emprendió una política regional de ciencia, tecnología e innovación. En esta comunidad se ha desarrollado un modelo de política caracterizado por la separación de las esferas de la política científica y de la política tecnológica con un predominio de la primera sobre la segunda. Se argumenta que el factor decisivo que explica tanto la adopción en Andalucía de un modelo de política regional de I+D de orientación académica, como su estabilidad a lo largo de los años, ha sido la fuerza que han tenido en esta región los intereses universitarios en el juego político andaluzFinanciación del Programa Marco de I+D de la UE, del PRICIT de la Comunidad de Madrid, y del III Plan Nacional de I+D (SEC 1999-0829-C02-01)Peer reviewe
Um Estudo comparado das relações ambientais de mulheres da floresta do Vale do Guaporé (Brasil) e do Mayombe (Angola) - 1980 - 2010
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em HistóriaEste estudo objetiva discutir como as mulheres negras da floresta do vale do Guaporé/Rondônia, na Amazônia brasileira, e do Mayombe, na Província de Cabinda, Angola, se relacionam com o meio ambiente constituindo modos de vidas específicos e formas de poder a partir de seus conhecimentos ancestrais. Tanto os modos de vida como tudo mais que decorre entende-se serem constituídos historicamente nas suas culturas. O período de estudo abrange de 1980 a 2010. A análise foi centrada nos dois lados do oceano Atlântico considerando perspectivas da história comparada, estabelecendo conexões entre contextos em ambientes de florestas tropicais, procurando perceber as similitudes, as diferenças, as permanências e as mudanças nas práticas socioculturais destes povos, considerando que as populações negras que habitam o vale do Guaporé sejam provenientes de Angola ou de outros lugares da África Central. Procura-se discutir as relações de gênero presentes nas práticas culturais de mulheres e homens que habitam as florestas tropicais na utilização dos recursos naturais. O trabalho de campo foi realizado nas comunidades quilombolas do vale do Guaporé e nas aldeias do Mayombe, ocasião em que se participou de suas práticas cotidianas e fizeram-se várias entrevistas com mulheres e homens, pois este estudo privilegia as fontes orais, construindo um texto dialógico com as falas e interpretações das pessoas entrevistadas, a interpretação da autora e de vários estudiosos que trabalham esta temática. O principal traço comum entre a população do Guaporé e do Mayombe é o extrativismo, aliado à agricultura de subsistência. No Guaporé as mulheres são consideradas como "ajudantes" dos homens e no Mayombe elas são as principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento desta atividade agrícola e pela alimentação da família.This study intends to discuss how black women from Vale do Guapore Forest, Rondônia, in Brazilian Amazon, and women from Mayombe, in Cabinda Province, Angola, relate to the environment, establishing specific ways of life and forms of power through their ancestral knowledge. The ways of lives as well as everything else which follows it are understood to be constituted historically in their cultures. The period of study extends from 1980 to 2010. The analysis was centred on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean considering comparative history perspectives, establishing connections amongst rainforest environment contexts, aiming to perceive similarities, differences, permanencies and changes in these people´s sociocultural practices, considering that black population who inhabit Vale do Guapore are from Angola or from other sites in Central Africa. This paper aims to discuss gender relations present in women´s and men´s cultural practices who inhabit rainforests for the use of natural resources. Field research took place in quilombola communities in vale do Guapore and in Mayombe villages, occasion in which there was participation in their daily practices and several interviews were made with women and men, because this study privileges oral sources, constructing a text based on dialogues containing reports and interpretations from the interviewed people, the interpretation from the author and from researches who study this subject. The main common feature between Guapore population and that of Mayombe is extractive activities associated with subsistence farming. In Guapore women are considered as men´s "help" and in Mayombe they are the main responsible for the development of farming activity and for providing the family
Antigos e novos olhares sobre o Maciço do Morro da Cruz: de não território a território do PAC-Florianópolis
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Florianópolis, 2012Os elevados indicadores sociais de Florianópolis apontam para uma cidade com ótima qualidade de vida; aliado a essa concepção, está também o fato de Florianópolis possuir muitos atrativos naturais. O Maciço do Morro da Cruz (MMC), situado na porção central da Ilha de Santa Catarina, não integra este cenário amplamente divulgado na mídia. É um espaço quase invisível à percepção dos demais moradores e que apesar de integrar o distrito-sede da cidade de Florianópolis, não se inclui neste cenário "paradisíaco". Sua população, apesar de viver em uma área central do atual aglomerado urbano, é considerada periférica à cidade. Situada em área de assentamentos precários, não escapa a problemas urbanos de ordem social e ambiental comuns a tantas cidades brasileiras e a outros países periféricos. Composta por aproximadamente 18 comunidades, durante muito tempo sofreu pela completa ausência de investimentos públicos e pela falta de reconhecimento de seus direitos cidadãos, sob a alegação de que ocupavam "assentamentos irregulares". Como objetivo geral desta tese coloca-se a análise do histórico e da construção das diversas territorialidades constituídas ao longo do tempo no espaço do Maciço do Morro da Cruz, tanto a partir de sua ocupação inicial como área periférica da cidade oficial, passando pela deliberada construção conceitual de um Território (do Fórum) do MMC, até as versões conflitantes, de um Território das Zeis e um Território do PAC-Florianópolis. A metodologia do trabalho incluiu a coleta de dados sob diferentes formas: entrevistas - estruturadas e não estruturadas - observação participante, questionários, levantamentos, mapeamentos e análises de artigos de jornal, de documentos oficiais, atas de reuniões do Fórum do MMC, fotos e pesquisas anteriores que visavam a construção do histórico das territorializações e reterritorializações do MMC. Através do fenômeno da suburbanização tenta-se entender os mecanismos da pobreza urbana, apesar das políticas sociais e urbanas desenvolvidas pelos organismos multilaterais, especialmente o BM e o BID. Encontramos um discurso que não corresponde às ações desses organismos, muito mais pautadas na ortodoxia das orientações econômicas neoliberais. Caracterizado inicialmente como um Não Território, o Maciço do Morro da Cruz será ao longo da crescente urbanização de Florianópolis modificado sucessivas vezes, até o momento em que se caracteriza, no ano 2012, como Território do (Projeto do Maciço do Morro da Cruz) PAC-Florianópolis. Através do estudo podemos avançar algumas questões sobre o futuro deste território: com o acesso facilitado pela abertura da via Transcaieira, uma rápida alternativa de acesso entre o centro e a Trindade; com a abertura ao público do Parque Natural do Maciço do Morro da Cruz, aos poucos a cidade se dá conta das modificações ocorridas. A regularização fundiária a ser implementada manterá os moldes e limites da Lei das ZEIS, ou teremos uma nova reterritorialização, desta vez controlada pelo elitizado mercado imobiliário de Florianópolis, com a consequente expulsão dos moradores atuais das diversas comunidades?Abstract : Social indicators shows that Florianópolis is a city with an excellent quality of life, that is accompanied with a number of natural attractions. The "Massif of Morro da Cruz" (Maciço do Morro da Cruz, MMC), located in a central part of the island of Santa Catarina, is not part of this widely propagated image in the media. On the contrary, this area is almost invisible in the eyes of the inhabitants of Florianopolis. In spite of pertaining to the central district of the city of Florianópolis, the MMC is not included in this idyllic scenario. Its population, despite living in a central area of the current town, is considered peripheral to the city. Situated in an area of slums, it has the social and environmental urban problems, common to many Brazilian cities and other peripheral countries. Including approximately 18 communities, the MMC has long suffered under the complete absence of public investment and the lack of recognition of its civil rights, alleging it were "informal settlements". As a general objective, this doctoral thesis analyses the history and construction of distinct territorialities formed over time within the MMC, both from their initial occupation as a peripheral area of the official city, through the deliberate conceptual construction of a MMC Territory (Courthouse), until the conflicting versions of a Territory of Special Zones of Social Interest (Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social - ZEIS) and Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento PAC-Florianópolis Territory. The methodology of this research included the collection of data under various forms: interviews - structured and unstructured - participant observation, questionnaires, surveys, mapping and analysis of newspaper articles, official documents, minutes of meetings of the MMC Courthouse, photos and earlier research that aimed at establishing the history of subsequent territorializations and reterritorializations of the MMC. Through the phenomenon of suburbanization we attempt to understand the mechanisms of urban poverty, despite the social and urban policies developed by multilateral organizations, especially the World Bank (WB) and the Interamerican Development Bank (IDB). We found a form of discourse that does not match the actions of these agencies, much more guided by orthodox neoliberal economic guidelines. Initially characterized as a Non-Territory, the "Massif of Morro da Cruz" (MMC), will be modified several times following the increasing urbanization process of Florianópolis, until 2012 when it was labeled as a PAC - Florianópolis Territory (Massif of the Morro da Cruz Project). In this study we raise some questions about the future of this territory: because of the Transcaieira access, a quick alternative road between downtown and the Trindade neighborhood, with the opening of the Natural Park of the Massif Morro da Cruz, little by little the city realizes the alterations that have occurred. The question is if the land regularization that will be implemented will keep the shapes and limits of the law of the ZEIS, or will there be a new reterritorialization, this time controlled by the elitist real estate market in Florianópolis, with the consequent expulsion of the current inhabitants of the different communities
Autonomía y adaptación organizativa: los centros de investigación ante los cambios del entorno
Get PDFEl sistema de investigación depende en gran medida de los recursos proporcionados por el sistema político. Los investigadores y sus respectivas instituciones han esperado que el gasto público en I+D se incrementara, pero el coste creciente de la investigación y la aparición de problemas de financiación en el gobierno han provocado que las asignaciones para I+D hayan perdido peso en la genda gubernamental. Esta situación se ha hecho evidente en los centros de investigación estatales, que han perdido estatus en la actividad investigadora global, mientras que los métodos de financiación competitiva son los que han ganado terreno como método de intervención gubernamental. Esta reducción del apoyo directo es un problema que afecta a las condiciones bajo las cuales se desarrolla la investigación. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo ha reaccionado un grupo público de centros de investigación afectado por esta reducción en la transferencia de fondos estatales. Tras repasar las diferentes reacciones para adaptase y combatir los cortes en los subsidios estatales, se construye un argumento institucionalista basado en el grado y tipo de autonomía que disfrutan los centros y los investigadores.Peer reviewe
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