270 research outputs found
Five poems from \u3cem\u3eWitch in Mourning\u3c/em\u3e
No full textMaria-Mercè Marçal was born in 1952, in the middle of the fascist dictatorship in Spain, which lasted from the end of the Civil War in 1939 to the death of Francisco Franco in 1975. Marçal writes, “A l’atzar agraeixo tres dons: haver nascut dona, de classe baixa i nació oprimida” [I thank fate for three gifts: having been born a woman, to the lower class, in an oppressed nation], a phrase that is still famous in Catalan graffiti today
DONS: Dynamic Optimized Neighbor Selection for smart blockchain networks
No full textBlockchain (BC) systems mainly depend on the consistent state of the Distributed Ledger (DL) at different logical and physical places of the network. The majority of network nodes need to be enforced to use one or both of the following approaches to remain consistent: (i) to wait for certain delays (i.e. by requesting a hard puzzle solution as in PoW and PoUW, or to wait for random delays as in PoET, etc.) (ii) to propagate shared data through shortest possible paths within the network. The first approach may cause higher energy consumption and/or lower throughput rates if not optimized, and in many cases these features are conventionally fixed. Therefore, it is preferred to enhance the second approach with some optimization. Previous works for this approach have the following drawbacks: they may violate the identity privacy of miners, only locally optimize the Neighbor Selection method (NS), do not consider the dynamicity of the network, or require the nodes to know the precise size of the network at all times. In this paper, we address these issues by proposing a Dynamic and Optimized NS protocol called DONS, using a novel privacy-aware leader election within the public BC called AnoLE, where the leader anonymously solves the The Minimum Spanning Tree problem (MST) of the network in polynomial time. Consequently, miners are informed about the optimum NS according to the current state of network topology. We analytically evaluate the complexity, the security and the privacy of the proposed protocols against state-of-the-art MST solutions for DLs and well known attacks. Additionally, we experimentally show that the proposed protocols outperform state-of-the-art NS solutions for public BCs. Our evaluation shows that the proposed DONS and AnoLE protocols are secure, private, and they acutely outperform all current NS solutions in terms of block finality and fidelity. © 2021 The Author(s
O ensino-aprendizagem de literatura em meio digital: experiências
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em LiteraturaAs inovações advindas do desenvolvimento acelerado de tecnologias digitais incidem diretamente sobre os processos de veiculação do conhecimento. O âmbito educacional passa por alterações influenciadas por ferramentas tecnológicas aplicadas ao ensino-aprendizagem. Nesta dissertação, analisamos em que medida as ferramentas digitais podem influenciar o ensino-aprendizagem de Literatura de alunos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Para isso, desenvolvemos com os universitários experiências de leitura em meio digital. Ao realizarmos este estudo, propiciamos aos participantes um contato com obras diferenciadas para a leitura em tela em computador de tipo desktop. Em nossa última experiência de leitura utilizamos um ereader como suporte de leitura. Os dados obtidos a partir das leituras feitas nos permitem conhecer os hábitos e as práticas de leitura desses estudantes e, a partir disso, agir com mais propriedade ao propor alternativas para o ensino-aprendizagem da literatur
Personal exposure to equivalent black carbon in children in Milan, Italy: Time-activity patterns and predictors by season
No full textAir pollution is a global threat to public health, especially when considering susceptible populations, such as children. A better understanding of determinants of exposure could help epidemiologists in refining exposure assessment methods, and policy makers in identifying effective mitigation interventions. Through a participatory approach, 73 and 89 schoolchildren were involved in a two-season personal exposure monitoring campaign of equivalent black carbon (EBC) in Milan, Italy. GPS devices, time-activity diaries and a questionnaire were used to collect personal information. Exposure to EBC was 1.3 +/- 1.5 mu g/m(3) and 3.9 +/- 3.3 mu g/m(3) (mean +/- sd) during the warm and the cold season, respectively. The highest peaks of exposure were detected during the home-to-school commute. Children received most of their daily dose at school and home (82%), but the highest dose/time intensity was related to transportation and outdoor environments. Linear mixed-effect models showed that meteorological variables were the most influencing predictors of personal exposure and inhaled dose, especially in the cold season. The total time spent in a car, duration of the home-to-school commute, and smoking habits of parents were important predictors as well. Our findings suggest that seasonality, time-activity and mobility patterns play an important role in explaining exposure patterns. Furthermore, by highlighting the contribution of traffic rush hours, transport-related microenvironments and traffic-related predictors, our study suggests that acting on a local scale could be an effective way of lowering personal exposure to EBC and inhaled dose of children in the city of Milan. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.This work was supported by Fondazione Cariplo [grant numbers 2017-1731].
We want to sincerely thank parents, operators, teachers and managers of the elementary school IC Pietro Micca, via Gattamelata 35, Milano (MI) for their support, as well as ABCitta Coop. ONLUS for their fundamental role in defining and developing the environmental education intervention. A special mention goes to all the involved schoolchildren who helped us with their contagious enthusiasm during the whole participatory process. Finally, we want to thank the Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Emilia-Romagna (ARPAE-SIMC) to support us and share their meteorological data.Fustinoni, S (corresponding author), Via S Barnaba 8, I-20122 Milan, Italy.
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Poverty Relief or Poverty Eradication?
No full textThe author challenges the reader to make two mindshifts: from a focus on poverty relief to an emphasis on poverty eradication; and from viewing the poor as the objects of poverty alleviation to accepting them as the subjects of poverty eradication. The case is argued and a practical approach towards poverty eradication is proposed
“Do sítio sim, besta não!” : reciprocidade, dons e lutas simbólicas em jogo no turismo em Areia, Paraíba-Brasil
No full textThe theme of this thesis is the symbolic battles between towns people and ‘peasants’ in the context of the re-elaboration of rurality. The general aim is to analyze the reinterpretation process of countryside practices by the 'peasants' participation in the tourism development in the city of Areia - state of Paraíba. The qualitative research has an eminently ethnographic character, focusing on the observation of social relations in the Chã de Jardim Community and the small landowners reconversion strategies. The data were produced and collected through observation and structured and semi-structured interviews with craftsmen, workers of the Restaurante Rural Vó Maria, members of Adesco, tourism entrepreneurs in Areia, and representatives of intermediary bodies - a role played by entities such as Senar, Sebrae,PBTur, Cooperar, Atura, among others involved in modelling the tourism in rural areas. In addition, an exploratory survey was carried out among the customers of the restaurant through questionnaires and by monitoring excursions, which allowed to draw a profile and identify the demands of the consumers. The analysis links “native” (produced by the people studied) and analytical categories, keeping in perspective the symbolic exchanges between the smalllandowners and the other agents. The solidarities and games of interest which mark the relations between them, at the micro and macro social levels, are discussed by the theory of the gift of Marcel Mauss, the sociology of domination of Pierre Bourdieu, and the notion of hierarchical reciprocity of Marcos Lanna. This study defends the thesis that the participation of the small landowners in the production of the tourist offer is made possible by means of alliances at the internal and external level, established on the basis of the exchange of gifts,following the principle of hierarchical reciprocity. On the one hand, the exchanges of giftswith other agents tend to promote social recognition and raise the self-esteem of the smalllandowners; and, on the other hand, it generates internal differentiation and new hierarchies,“naturalizing” the subordination and symbolic domination of the employees towards their peasant bosses. In this sense, the symbolic battles are understood as daily struggles for recognition and dignity, aiming to overcome the process of inferiorization and invisibility towhich 'peasants' and other groups, poorly placed in the social space, are submitted in their relationship with the dominant classes. For a long time "kept invisible", these struggles could only emerge through the implementation of public policies to confront rural poverty,stimulating rural education and rural development actions, which, in addition to improving the living conditions of the rural population, allowed the emergence and the strengthening of local leaderships. Far from being a one-directional movement that results in a real restructuring of positions in the social space, the observed solidarities and battles between the agents reveal themselves as a complex and ambiguous process, full of contradictions in which different levels of reciprocity are established, whether within the community microsystem orin the exchanges between the ‘peasants’ and the town entrepreneurs, the intermediary bodies or the consumers, forming what could be considered an extended circuit of circulation of giftsin the tourism market in Brejo Paraibano.Cette thèse s’intéresse au thème des luttes symboliques entre les citadins et les « sitiantes » (« petits propriétaires terrien »), dans un contexte de réélaboration de la ruralité. L’objectif général est d’analyser le processus de réinterprétation des pratiques paysannes à partir de la participation des « sitiantes » au développement du tourisme dans la municipalité d’Areia–État de Paraíba, dans le Nord este du Brésil. La recherche qualitative a un caractère éminemment ethnographique, favorisant l’observation des relations sociales dans la Communauté « Chã de Jardim » et les stratégies de reconversion des « sitiantes ». Les données ont été produites et collectées au travers de l’observation directe et d’entretiens semi directifs et directifs avec les artisanes, les travailleurs du Restaurant Rural Vó Maria, les membres de l’Adesco, les entrepreneurs du tourisme à Areia et les représentants des instances intermédiaires –rôle joué par des entités telles que le Senar, le Sebrae, le PBTur, la Cooperar, l’Atura, parmi d’autres impliquées dans la structuration du tourisme dans les zones rurales. En outre, une enquête exploratoire a été réalisée auprès des clients du restaurant Vó Maria, au travers de questionnaires et de l’accompagnement d’excursions, ce qui a permis de dresser un profil et d’identifier les demandes du public consommateur. L’analyse met en relation des catégories « indigènes » (produites par les propres personnes étudiées) et analytiques, en gardant en perspective les échanges symboliques entre les « sitiantes » et les autres agents. Les solidarités et les jeux d’intérêts qui marquent les relations entre eux sont traités à partir de la théorie du don de Marcel Mauss, de la sociologie de la domination de Pierre Bourdieu et de la notion de réciprocité hiérarchique de Marcos Lanna. L’hypothèse centrale est que la participation des « sitiantes » à la production de l’offre touristique est rendue possible par des alliances internes et externes, établies sur la base de l’échange de dons, suivant le principe de la réciprocité hiérarchique. D’une part, les échanges de dons avec d’autres agents tendent à promouvoir la reconnaissance sociale et à renforcer l’estime de soi ; et, d’autre part, ils engendrent une différenciation interne et de nouvelles hiérarchies, naturalisant la subordination et la domination symbolique des employés vis-à-vis des nouveaux « patrons ». Ainsi, les luttes symboliques sont conçues comme des luttes quotidiennes pour la reconnaissance et la dignité, visant à surmonter les processus d’infériorisation et d’invisibilité auxquels sont soumis les « sitiantes », et d’autres groupes mal situés dans l’espace social,dans leurs relations avec les dominants. Longtemps « invisibilisées», ces luttes n’ont pu émerger qu’au travers de la mise en œuvre de politiques publiques visant à lutter contre la pauvreté rurale, à promouvoir l’éducation dans les milieux ruraux et les actions de développement rural qui, en outre d’améliorer les conditions de vie de la population rurale, a permis l’émergence et le renforcement du leadership local. Loin d’être un mouvement à sens unique, qui se traduit par une véritable restructuration des positions dans l’espace social, les solidarités et les luttes observées entre les agents se révèlent être un processus complexe et ambigu, rempli de contradictions, au sein duquel différents niveaux de réciprocité sont établis,que ce soit au sein du microsystème communautaire ou dans les échanges entre les« sitiantes » et les entrepreneurs de la municipalité, les organismes intermédiaires ou les consommateurs, formant ce que l'on pourrait considérer comme un réseau étendu de circulation des dons dans le marché touristique de Brejo Paraibano.O tema da presente tese são as lutas simbólicas entre citadinos e sitiantes, no contexto dere elaboração da ruralidade. O objetivo geral é analisar o processo de ressignificação daspráticas camponesas a partir da participação dos sitiantes no desenvolvimento do turismo nomunicípio de Areia, na Paraíba. A pesquisa qualitativa tem caráter eminentemente etnográfico, privilegiando a observação das relações sociais na Comunidade Chã de Jardim eas estratégias de reconversão dos sitiantes. Os dados foram produzidos e coletados por meioda observação e de entrevistas semidirigidas ou dirigidas, realizadas com as artesãs, ostra balhadores do Restaurante Rural Vó Maria, os membros da Adesco, os empre endedores deturismo, em Areia, e os representantes das instâncias intermediárias – papel ocupado porentidades como o Senar, o Sebrae, a PBTur, o Cooperar, a Atura, dentre outras implicadas naformatação do turismo no espaço rural. Complementarmente, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória junto aos clientes do Restaurante, por meio de questionários e do acompanhamento de excursões, o que permitiu traçar um perfil e identificar as demandas do público consumidor. A análise articula categorias nativas e analíticas, mantendo em perspectiva as trocas simbólicas entre os sitiantes e os outros agentes. As solidariedades e osjogos de interesse que marcam as relações entre eles são tratados a partir da teoria da dádiva,de Marcel Mauss, da sociologia da dominação, de Pierre Bourdieu, e da noção de reciprocidade hierárquica de Marcos Lanna. Defende-se a tese que a participação dos sitiantesna produção da oferta turística viabiliza-se por meio de alianças, nos planos interno e externo,estabelecidas com base na troca de dons, seguindo o princípio da reciprocidade hierárquica.Por um lado, as trocas de dádivas com outros agentes tendem a promover o reconhecimento social e elevar a autoestima dos sitiantes; e, por outro lado, tendem a gerar diferenciação interna e novas hierarquias, naturalizando a subordinação e a dominação simbólica dos empregados aos patrões. Desse modo, as lutas simbólicas são compreendidas como lutas cotidianas por reconhecimento e dignidade, que visam à superação do processo deinferiorização e invisibilidade às quais os sitiantes e outros grupos mal posicionados noespaço social são submetidos na relação com as classes dominantes. Por muito tempo “invisibilizadas”, essas lutas só puderam ganhar a cena a partir da implantação de políticas públicas de enfrentamento à pobreza rural, do estímulo à educação no campo e de ações de desenvolvimento rural, que, além de elevar as condições de vida da população rural,permitiram a emergência e o fortalecimento de lideranças locais. Longe de ser um movimentoem sentido único, que resulte em uma verdadeira reestruturação das posições no espaço social, as solidariedades e lutas observadas entre os agentes revelam-se um processo complexo e ambíguo, pleno de contradições, dentro do qual se estabelecem diferentes níveisde reciprocidade, seja dentro do microssistema comunitário, sejam nas trocas entre os sitiantese os empre endedores do município, as instâncias intermediárias ou os consumidores,formando o que poderia ser considerado um circuito ampliado de circulação de dádivas nomercado turístico no Brejo Paraibano
Book Review: An Uneasy Story.
No full textAn Uneasy Story. The Nationalising of South African Mission Hospitals 1960 - 1976. A Personal Account. By Dr Ronald Ingle. Foreword by Professor Dons Kritzinger. Pp. xiii+189. Published by the author. 2010. ISBN 978-0-620-47820-5. Illustrated. R230 (including postage). For overseas order options, contact the author. To order, e-mail Dr Ingle ([email protected]) or tel +27 (0)31 716-8237
Israël et aire hébraïque : ouvrages entrés en 2013 en langues occidentales
No full text[Acquisitions] Voici une liste non exhaustive des entrées (achats, dons, dépôts...) pour le fonds hébreu en langues occidentales (français, anglais, judéo-espagnol). Bonne lecture! Généralités Bibliography of Jews in the Islamic world / edited by Maria Angeles Gallego, Heather Bleaney, Pablo Garcia Suárez, 2010 Philosophie Penser le judaïsme / Jean-Christophe Attias, 2013 Modern Jewish thinkers / Gershon Greenberg, 2011 The wars of the Lord / Levi ben Gershom (Gersonides). Transl, 1999 Re..
Israël et aire hébraïque : ouvrages entrés en 2013 en langues occidentales
No full text[Acquisitions] Voici une liste non exhaustive des entrées (achats, dons, dépôts...) pour le fonds hébreu en langues occidentales (français, anglais, judéo-espagnol). Bonne lecture! Généralités Bibliography of Jews in the Islamic world / edited by Maria Angeles Gallego, Heather Bleaney, Pablo Garcia Suárez, 2010 Philosophie Penser le judaïsme / Jean-Christophe Attias, 2013 Modern Jewish thinkers / Gershon Greenberg, 2011 The wars of the Lord / Levi ben Gershom (Gersonides). Transl, 1999 Re..
Left atrial and ventricular strain:unlocking prognostic insights in moderate aortic stenosis
No full textThis editorial refers to ‘Incremental prognostic value of left ventricular and left atrial strain in moderate aortic stenosis’, by H.-J. Lee et al., https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeae285.Over the past decades, advancements in the treatment of aortic stenosis (AS) with aortic valve replacement (AVR) have challenged the notion that the potential benefits of AVR in non-severe AS are outweighed by procedural risks.1 However, despite these significant advancements, event-free survival in patients with moderate AS has remained unchanged, and some reports suggest survival rates in some cases are comparable with those with severe AS.2This raises concerns about whether moderate AS should still be considered a benign diagnosis, as morbidity and mortality remain elevated in this otherwise rather heterogeneous patient group. Contributing factors include the misclassification of severe AS as moderate, as well as coexisting cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), and kidney disease.1 Additionally, structural and functional myocardial changes that arise with LV pressure overload—some of which may be irreversible—are increasingly recognized as risk factors for poor outcomes in moderate AS.3 Current guidelines recommend intervention in moderate AS for patients who are undergoing open heart surgery for other reasons.4 To this date, medical therapy for moderate AS is limited to standard treatment of concomitant heart failure (HF) and CHD. Although hyperlipidaemia is a well-established contributor to AS progression, multiple randomized clinical trials have failed to demonstrate a reduction in AS progression or adverse outcomes with lipid-lowering therapy.5 Lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapy has shown a reduced incidence of AS events compared with placebo6; however, the optimal timing for AVR remains the key contemporary challenge. Given the highly variable progression rate of AS among individuals,3 there is a growing need for improved, personalized risk stratification tools to better identify patients who could benefit from earlier intervention
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