28 research outputs found
Identification of fungal dihydrouracil-oxidase genes by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textAnalysis of predicted fungal proteomes revealed a large family of sequences that showed similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Class-I dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Ura1, which supports synthesis of pyrimidines under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. However, expression of codon-optimised representatives of this gene family, from the ascomycete Alternaria alternata and the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune, only supported growth of an S. cerevisiae ura1Δ mutant when synthetic media were supplemented with dihydrouracil. A hypothesis that these genes encode NAD(P)+-dependent dihydrouracil dehydrogenases (EC 1.3.1.1 or 1.3.1.2) was rejected based on absence of complementation in anaerobic cultures. Uracil- and thymine-dependent oxygen consumption and hydrogen-peroxide production by cell extracts of S. cerevisiae strains expressing the A. alternata and S. commune genes showed that, instead, they encode active dihydrouracil oxidases (DHO, EC1.3.3.7). DHO catalyses the reaction dihydrouracil + O2 → uracil + H2O2 and was only reported in the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis (Owaki in J Ferment Technol 64:205–210, 1986). No structural gene for DHO was previously identified. DHO-expressing strains were highly sensitive to 5-fluorodihydrouracil (5F-dhu) and plasmids bearing expression cassettes for DHO were readily lost during growth on 5F-dhu-containing media. These results show the potential applicability of fungal DHO genes as counter-selectable marker genes for genetic modification of S. cerevisiae and other organisms that lack a native DHO. Further research should explore the physiological significance of this enigmatic and apparently widespread fungal enzyme.BT/Industriele MicrobiologieBT/Biotechnologi
The complete mitochondrial genome of <it>Flustra foliacea </it>(Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) - compositional bias affects phylogenetic analyses of lophotrochozoan relationships
No full textAbstract Background The phylogenetic relationships of the lophophorate lineages, ectoprocts, brachiopods and phoronids, within Lophotrochozoa are still controversial. We sequenced an additional mitochondrial genome of the most species-rich lophophorate lineage, the ectoprocts. Although it is known that there are large differences in the nucleotide composition of mitochondrial sequences of different lineages as well as in the amino acid composition of the encoded proteins, this bias is often not considered in phylogenetic analyses. We applied several approaches for reducing compositional bias and saturation in the phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial sequences. Results The complete mitochondrial genome (16,089 bp) of Flustra foliacea (Ectoprocta, Gymnolaemata, Cheilostomata) was sequenced. All protein-encoding, rRNA and tRNA genes are transcribed from the same strand. Flustra shares long intergenic sequences with the cheilostomate ectoproct Bugula, which might be a synapomorphy of these taxa. Further synapomorphies might be the loss of the DHU arm of the tRNA L(UUR), the loss of the DHU arm of the tRNA S(UCN) and the unique anticodon sequence GAG of the tRNA L(CUN). The gene order of the mitochondrial genome of Flustra differs strongly from that of the other known ectoprocts. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial nucleotide and amino acid data sets show that the lophophorate lineages are more closely related to trochozoan phyla than to deuterostomes or ecdysozoans confirming the Lophotrochozoa hypothesis. Furthermore, they support the monophyly of Cheilostomata and Ectoprocta. However, the relationships of the lophophorate lineages within Lophotrochozoa differ strongly depending on the data set and the used method. Different approaches for reducing heterogeneity in nucleotide and amino acid data sets and saturation did not result in a more robust resolution of lophotrochozoan relationships. Conclusion The contradictory and usually weakly supported phylogenetic reconstructions of the relationships among lophotrochozoan phyla based on mitochondrial sequences indicate that these alone do not contain enough information for a robust resolution of the relations of the lophotrochozoan phyla. The mitochondrial gene order is also not useful for inferring their phylogenetic relationships, because it is highly variable in ectoprocts, brachiopods and some other lophotrochozoan phyla. However, our study revealed several rare genomic changes like the evolution of long intergenic sequences and changes in the structure of tRNAs, which may be helpful for reconstructing ectoproct phylogeny.</p
Arenaceous foraminifera from the Windsor Group (Middle and Upper Mississippian) of the Atlantic Provinces of Canada
No full text Arenaceous foraminifera have been obtained from the insoluble residues of limestones from the Windsor Group (Valmeyeran—Chesterian) of the Atlantic Provinces of Canada. From the arenaceous foraminifera fauna 10 genera and 27 species have been identified of which Saccammina sydneyensis, Tolypammina windsorensis, Tolypammina bretonensis, Reophax acadiensis, and Reophax brunswickensis are new species.Locally, the different subzones of the Windsor Group are characterized by species that have restricted ranges. The genus Reophax and species are restricted to Subzone B. The author is of the opinion that the Skir Dhu beds of northeastern Cape Breton Island belong to Subzone E of the Windsor type area.These arenaceous foraminifera appear to be the first indication of the extensions in their ranges to Middle and maybe to Upper Mississippian.This first detailed report on the arenaceous foraminifera in the Windsor Group is an important aid in correlating Middle and Upper Mississippian strata of the Atlantic Provinces. </jats:p
Qalandar -name. Chapter 5. “The Praise of ‘Uthman, Commander of the Faithful” »
No full textThe presented fragment is the next part of the translation of the medieval poetic text “Qalandar-name” of Abu Bakr Qalanadar Rumi, who was a Sufi scholar from the Crimea. This Chapter is devoted to praises to ‘Uthman Dhu-l-Nurayn (The Owner of Two Lights), the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, the third of the four Righteous Caliphs (al-Khulafa al-Rashidun). Within the ten rows, the author mentions the virtues of ‘Uthman, making the main emphasis on piety and charity of this Prophet’s companion. The Persian text is translated by Milyausha Ismagilova, a postgraduate student. Translation’s edition and comments are supplied by Damir Shagaviyev, the Head of Department of History of Religions and Public Thought, Shihab al-Din al-Marjani’s Institute of History (Kazan).
* Continuation. See the beginning in: Golden Horde Review, 2014, № 2(4), pp.243–252; № 3(5), pp.207–214; №4(6), pp.198–207; 2015. № 1, pp.171–177. Russian translation from Persian by a graduate student M.R. Ismagilova. Academic edition of the translation and comments by D.A. Shagaviev, Head of the Department of History of Religions and Social Thought at the Sh.Marjani Institute of History of AS RT (Kazan)
A Scholar from Saray: Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353–791/1389) in the Biographical Dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365–845/1441) “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book)
No full textResearch objective: to introduce into academic circulation previously unknown source on the Golden Horde history.
Research materials: biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi (766/1365 – 845/1441) “Kitab al-Muqaffa al-Kabir” (The Great Rhymed Book).
Results and novelty of the research: This article contains materials from the works of historians engaged in the narrative biography, which V.G. Tiesenhausen did not include in his “Collection of Materials on the Golden Horde history (extract from Arab writings)”, although their writings contain very valuable information about the Golden Horde History. Research novelty consists in the fact that the author of this article presents one paragraph from biographical dictionary of Taqi al-Din al-Maqrizi, whose article number 421 provides information about a scholar from Saray – Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi. The author provides its translation and commentary referring to the more than ten medieval Arab sources. After receiving basic education at home, Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi traveled to many Eastern countries in search of knowledge and after having received high recognition he settled in Cairo as a teacher of Sharia Sciences. Despite the fact that his life was interrupted at an early age (36 years), he left a deep mark in science. His son Muhibbu al-Din (Cairo, 791/1389 – Mecca, Friday, the 3rd of Dhu al-Hijjah 859/13 November 1455) also became a great scholar as well as an imam of Sultan al-Ashraf Barsbay himself and other sultans after him. Nisba al-Sarayi sounded on the lips of the Ulema of the East as a symbol of learnedness and high temper. As a result of research it must be said that the study of life of Mawlana Zada al-Sarayi (754/1353 – 791/1389) and the number of migrants from Desht-i Kipchak in Egypt will help researchers in a deeper and more detailed study of the Golden Horde history
Pengaruh Madrasah Kufah dalam Kitab Nahwu yang Diajarkan di Indonesia
No full textتناقش هذه الدراسة مدرسة الكوفة التي كان لها تأثير كبير على تطور اللغة ، خاصة في استخدام المصطلحات في كتاب النحو. استخدمت هذه الدراسة منهج الدراسة الأدبية والمنهج النوعي لمعرفة تأثير مدرسة الكوفة على الكتاب الذي يستخدمه الطلاب الإندونيسيون لتعلم اللغة العربية وهو كتاب الجرمية. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن ابن عجورم مؤلف الكتاب من أتباع مدرسة الكوفة ، ويدل على ذلك العديد من المصطلحات المستخدمة في مدرسة الكوفة والتي تستخدم أيضا في كتاب الجرمية على النحو التالي: (1) استخدام مصطلح الخفض للإشارة إلى اعراب اسم الذي يتميز بكسره وليس جر (2) استخدام المصطلح "المفعول الذي لم يسم فاعله لمصطلح الفاعل في الفعل المبني للمجهول ، وليس لمصطلح نائب الفاعل. (3) استخدام مصطلح كيف ما هو جزء من الأفعال الجوازم أو عامل الذي يمكن أن يضع فعل مضارع في مرتبة المجزوم كما يعتقد علماء الكوفة. (4) وعلامة الاسم هي إدراج الألف واللام كما يعتقد علماء الكوفة ، أما عند علماء البصرة فإن هذا هو حكم الألف واللام. لا السيفة. (6) استخدام الأسماء الخامسة وهي أبوك، أخوك، حموك، فوك، ذو مال، بينما استخدم علماء البصرة الأسماء الستة بإضافة هنوك.]This study discusses the Kufah Madrasah which has had a lot of influence on the development of Nahwu, especially on the use of terms in the Arabic grammatical book. This study used a literary study method and a qualitative approach to find out the influence of the Kufah madrasah on the book used by Indonesian students to learn Arabic, namely the al-Jurumiyah book. The results of the study show that Ibn Ajurrum, the author of the book, is a follower of the Kufa madrasah, this is indicated by the many terms used in the kufah madrasah which are also used in the al-Jurumiyah book as follows, (1) the use of the term al-khafd for i'rab isim which marked by kasroh, not the term jarr; (2) the use of the term al-maf'ul al-ladhi lam yusamma fa'iluh for the term subject in the passive verb, not the term na'ib al-fa'il; (3) the use of the term kayfama is part of al-af'al al-jawazim or of amil (particle) which can put fi'il mudari 'into the majzum position, as believed by kufah scholars; (4) the sign of a noun is the inclusion of alif and lam as believed by Kufah scholars, whereas according to the scholars of Basrah, this is the rule of alif and lam (5) the use of the term an-na'at, not al-sifah; (6) the use of al-asma al-khamsah, namely abuka, akhuka, hamuka, fuka, dhu mal, while Basrah scholars used al-asma al-siita by adding hanuka
Agricultural practices in ancient Radman and Wadi al-Jubah (Yemen)
No full textThis dissertation is a comprehensive study and analysis of agricultural and irrigation systems in two areas of Southwest Arabia with its primary goal being to determine the location, beginnings, and development of agricultural practices in ancient Radman and Wadi al-Jubah. The data for this study comes from archaeology, geomorphology, and epigraphy. In order to accomplish this goal, a team headed by the author conducted an archaeological and geomorphological survey in the wadi of al-Jubah, and in the wadis of Wa\u27lan, Qaniyah, al-Hadabah, Dhu Hadid, and al-Hijlah of ancient Radman. We chose those areas because of the fact that most of their sites were non-occupational and were related to ancient agricultural and irrigation systems which had hitherto not been studied at all. The time span of the study covers the period from the late 4th millennium B.C. to the early centuries of Islam, a period long enough to determine the beginnings of agriculture and to trace its development and related social and economic phenomena. Archaeological evidence shows that agricultural practices began about 3200 B.C. in ancient Radman and Khawlan areas and developed and spread gradually over large areas of the highlands and the lowlands. The development and spread of agricultural systems are plausibly linked with population pressure and the ecological environment, as well as technological and social change. We present hypotheses to explain the appearance of agriculture and these subsequent changes. They show that, in Radman and Wadi al-Jubah, agricultural development resulted from a demand by a growing population for food surpluses through an increase in food production. The study emphasizes that this new demographic change was accompanied by an improvement in methods of irrigation which in turn led to the transition from dry farming to seil irrigation agriculture. As the archaeological evidence shows, this transition would not have been possible for farmers without the development of significant technological knowledge. These changes and developments also led to the creation of a new political system, known as Mukarrib or Kingship , wherein Saba, Ma\u27in, Qataban, Hadramawt, and the Himyar states came to the fore as kingdoms
Complementarity deep learning features and normalized differences index for LTZ estimation
No full textWe describe some experimentations based on the data of the 2017 data fusion contest (IEEE-IGARSS). These experiments highlights the complementarity between both deep learning features and normalized differences index for LTZ estimatio
A Review on Piece Of Verses in the Fathn?me Of Rhodes Of Djal?lz?de Mustaf? ?elebi
No full textXVI. yüzyılın önemli devlet adamlarından biri olan Celalzâde Mustafa Çelebi, aynı zamanda bir tarihçidir. Tarih, din, edebiyat ve hukuk alanında eserler yazmış olan müellifin eserlerinden birisi de Rodos'un fethini konu alan fetihnâmesidir. Toplam yedi nüshası bulunan eser, dil ve anlatım bakımından iki gruba ayrılmaktadır. Birinci grup daha sade bir dille ve sefer esnasında kaleme alınmıştır. İkinci grup ise sonraki bir tarihte ve daha sanatlı bir dille yazılmıştır. Bu mensur eserinde Celalzâde girizgah, seferin sebebi, sefer için yapılan hazırlıklar, donanmanın harekete geçmesi, padişahın Rodos'a hareket etmesi, muhasara esnasında alınan diğer yerlerin fethi, Dulkadirli Ali Bey'in isyan etmesi, Rodos Adası ve Kalesini tasvir, kuşatma esnasında şehit düşen askerlerin tavsifi ve Rodos'un fethine düşülen tarihler hususunda toplam 108 beyitlik manzumelere yer vermiştir. Rodos Fetihnamesi'nin özellikle ikinci grubunu oluşturan nüshalarda Celalzade'nin, edebî maharetini yansıtma arzusunu görmek mümkündür. Olayların anlatımında, yer ve kişilerin tasvirini konu alan mensur kısımlarda adeta şiirimsi bir üslup kullanan müellif, eserinde sık sık değişik uzunluktaki manzum parçalara da yer vermiştir. Bir tarihi olayı konu almasına rağmen, müellifinin güçlü kalemi ve edebî yeteneğini yansıtması bakımından Rodos Fetihnamesi sadece bir tarihî eser değil, aynı zamanda bir edebî eser özelliği de taşımaktadır. Dolayısıyla Rodos Fetihnamesi, konu aldığı olay hakkında verdiği ayrıntılı bilgi ile tarihçilerin, dil ve üslubuyla da edebiyat tarihi araştırmacılarının ilgisini hak edecek bir eserdirDjal?lz?de Mustaf? ?elebi, who was also a historian, one of the important government official in the XVIth century. He was an author who wrote some boks on history, religion, literature and law. The Fathn?me of Rhodes, is one of his book, wrote about conquest of Rhodes. Total works with seven copies, in terms of language and narrative forms are divided into two groups. The first group was written with more simple language and in during battle. The second group was written at a later date and a with colorful language. Djal?lz?de used 108 couplet piece of verses in this prose work, for introduction and about the battle reason, the preparations for battle, the movement of the fleet, moving Sultan to Rhodes, the conquest of the other places capture during siege, Dhu'1-Kadrlu Ali Bey's rebellion, delineate Rhodes Island and castle, depicting soldiers who died during the siege and to compose a chronogram to commemorate the date of the conquest of Rhodes. Especially in the second group of volumes of The Conquest Book of Rhodes, Celalzade’s will to express his literary skills can be seen. In detailing of events, describing places and persons in a poetric style, he often used narrative poetry in several longtitude. Although the Conquest Book of Rhodes details a historical event, owing to the literary skills of the writer, the book is also a literary work. In sum, the Conquest Book of Rhodes, in terms of the events -which it details and give information of- it merits attention of historians, with respect to the language and the literary style it merits attention of Literature Historian
Types of Myocardial Infarction in People With HIV in Switzerland
No full textOf myocardial infarctions (MIs) recorded in 2 large human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) observational studies from North America, approximately half were classified as type 2. In the REPRIEVE clinical trial of pitavastatin versus placebo in people with HIV (PWH) (<3% of participants were from Europe), 20.6% of MIs were type 2. The proportions of type 1 MI (T1MI) and type 2 MI (T2MI) in European PWH are unknown.
The study included a retrospective record review, ascertainment of prospectively recorded and medically validated MIs, differentiation of T1MI and T2MI, and MI time trend analysis in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (1 January 2000 to 31 May 2021). Exploratory analysis was performed of the associations of T1MI and T2MI with blood leukocyte count and 2 validated genome-wide coronary artery disease-associated polygenic risk scores (metaGRS and GPSmult).
Between 2000 and 2021, 16 027 Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants accumulated 181 598 years of follow-up, and 379 had a validated first MI. Of these participants, 359 (94.7%) had T1MI, and 20 (5.3%) had T2MI. Invasive coronary angiography was done in 95% and 60% of participants with T1MI and T2MI, respectively. We found no evidence for increasing or decreasing incidence trends over time for T1MI (P = .86) or T2MI (P = .85). Participants in the highest quintile for leukocyte count, metaGRS, and GPSmult had significantly increased adjusted odds ratios for T1MI; power was limited for detecting associations with T2MI.
The proportion of T2MI in PWH in Switzerland is approximately 5%, consistent with data from the general population and lower than in previous North American reports among PWH.
© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America
