649 research outputs found
ADHS bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland – Eine gesellschaftliche Herausforderung mit hoher Public-Health-Relevanz
No full textTiming-dependent valence reversal: a principle of reinforcement processing and its possible implications
No full textPunishment feels bad, but relief upon its termination feels good. As a consequence of such timing-dependent valence reversal, memories of opposite valence can result from associating stimulus A with, for example, the occurrence of punishment (A−) versus punishment termination (−A): A− training results in aversive memory, but −A training in appetitive memory (corresponding effects exist for reward occurrence and termination). Whereas learning through the occurrence of punishment is well studied, much less is known about learning through its termination. Current research investigates how dopaminergic system function contributes to these processes in Drosophila, rats and humans. We argue that dopamine-related psychopathology may entail distortions in learning through punishment termination, and that this may contribute, for example, to non-suicidal self-injury or post-traumatic stress disorder
Methodius of Olympus : one of the Greek sources of Kontakia by Romanos the Melodist
No full textIn this article the author compares Thecla’s Hymn from Methodius of Olympus’ Symposium with some kontakia by Romanos the Melodist. The analysis of a few stanzas of Thecla’s Hymn shows that this work can be a model for the kontakia. Methodius in his song gives examples of heroes of the Old and New Testament that sing a refrain. Romanos in their kontakia made a similar structure, the refrain is variously linked to stanzas and often spoken by different characters
The Virgin in Song : Mary and the Poetry of Romanos the Melodist
No full textAccording to legend, the Virgin appeared one Christmas Eve to an artless young man standing in one of Constantinople's most famous Marian shrines. She offered him a scroll of papyrus with the injunction that he swallow it, and following the Virgin's command, he did so. Immediately his voice turned sweet and gentle as he spontaneously intoned his hymn "The Virgin today gives birth." So was born the career of Romanos the Melodist (ca. 485-560), one of the greatest liturgical poets of Byzantium, author of at least sixty long hymns, or kontakia, that were chanted during the night vigils preceding major feasts and festivals.In The Virgin in Song, Thomas Arentzen explores the characterization of Mary in these kontakia and the ways in which the kontakia echoed the cult of the Virgin. He focuses on three key moments in her story as marked in the liturgical calendar: her encounter with Gabriel at the Annunciation, her child's birth at Christmas, and the death of her son on Good Friday. Consistently, Arentzen contends, Romanos counters expectations by shifting emphasis away from Christ himself to focus on Mary—as the subject of the erotic gaze, as a breastfeeding figure of abundance and fertility, and finally as an authoritatively vocal woman who conveys the secrets of her son and the joys of the resurrection.Through his hymns, Romanos inspired an affective relationship between Mary and his audience, bringing the human and the holy into dialogue. By plumbing her emotional depths, the poet traces her process of understanding as she apprehends the mysteries that she embodies. By giving her a powerful voice, he grants subjectivity to a maiden who becomes a mediator. Romanos shaped a figure, Arentzen argues, who related intimately to her flock in a formative period of Christian orthodoxy.</p
speech to noise level for the HSM-speech-test with CCITT-noise for 55 to 65-year-olds
No full textAn 25 Probanden im Alter zwischen 55 und 65 Jahren wurde der HSM-Satztest mit CCITT-Rauschen als Störsignal im Freifeld in der Camera Silens der HNO-Klinik Würzburg durchgeführt. Die fortlaufende subjektive Einschätzung ihrer Hörleistung beeinflusste im Verlauf des Tests den Signal/Rausch-Abstand, dessen Wert sich der 50%igen Sprachverständnisschwelle annähern sollte. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, diesen Zusammenhang zu überprüfen sowie signifikante Unterschiede im Diskriminationsvermögen der presbyakuten Probanden im Vergleich zu den Normalhörenden der Arbeit von Wegener nachzuweisen. Trotz der Vielzahl der beeinflussenden Faktoren auf das Sprachverständnis stimmten die gemessenen Daten gut mit den Erwartungswerten überein und das Modell erwies sich als sehr aussagekräftig. Des weiteren konnte der erwartete Diskriminationsverlust gegenüber der normalhörenden Gruppe beobachtet werden ebenso wie ein beschriebener Diskriminationsverlust für kontextarme kurze Sätze. Langfristig bietet sich die untersuchte Methodik als standardisierbarer und in hohem Masse durch Computerunterstützung automatisierbarer Sprachtest an, der erfolgreich in der Hörgeräteanpassung Verwendung finden könnte. Weitere, dieses Ziel verfolgende Studien sind bereits aufgenommen worden.25 people at the age of 55 to 65 years were tested in free field by means of the HSM-speech-test with CCITT-noise. Their continuous self-estimate of their performance of speech perception within 4 asymetric categories modified the speech to noise ratio of the test, thus resulting in the 50% speech reception threshold. By introducing an independent observer this relationship was examined. Furthermore the results were compared to the results of an analogue work of Wegener testing 25-year-olds. The used method proved capable of determining the speech reception threshold and made the expected differences in the performance of the older test subjects compared to the younger ones become visible. Further studies are necessary to establish an adequate test for use in the adjustment of hearing aids
The Coinage of Romanos III Argyros in the Archaeological Museum in Split
No full textOvaj članak obrađuje 59 histamenona bizantskog cara Romana III. Argira iz Numizmatičkog kabinetaArheološkog muzeja u Splitu. Autor ističe pojavu različitih oblika grafi ta na velikom broju obrađenognovca. Na isti način upozorava na činjenicu da je velika količina takvoga novca pronađena napodručju starohrvatske države, te njegovu pojavu objašnjava kao rezultat pojačane gospodarskeaktivnosti u toj državi tijekom 11. stoljeća.A large number of histamenoi (59 coins) of Romanos III Argyros in the Numismatic cabinet of theArchaeological Museum in Split has inspired the author to examine and publish them for the fi rst time.The introductory part gives the survey of numerous gold coinage of the Byzantine emperors from thedestruction of Salonae, i.e from Heraclius’ rule to and including the short rule of Romanos III Argyros (1028– 1034).Comparing the large quantity of Romanos’ histamenoi in the AMS with other collections in the world suchas Dumbarton Oaks, Bibliothèque nationale Paris, British Museum, the author implies the collection of the AMSCabinet to be the largest one concerning the examples of the aforementioned emperor.The information in the AMS about the sites is truly modest; there is actually only one hoard of 23 coinsfrom Klobuk near Ljubuški. Individual fi nds come from Zagvozd, Čaporice, Dugopolje and vicinity of Narona,while for the majority the site is unknown (32). More coins belonging to this emperor were found in theinland Dalmatian area (Ogorje Gornje, Jabuka, Osoj), as well as other places, but they were not purchased bythe AMS (note 14).Examining the coins, the author draws attention to the num ber of dots on loros and gives the surveyof the ones that have 8 dots, 6, 5, 4 or even 3 dots, which is according to the available literature the onlyexample known so far.As far as size and weight are concerned, it can be stated that the largest number of the coins in Splitcollection have diameter between 23,5 and 25 mm, while their weight ranges from 4,31 to 4,40 gr., whichcoresponds well to the coins kept in other museums.As far as dies used for minting of these coins are concerned, the author has labeled them with letters (A-Z,A/A – O/O), and it can be presumed that 39 diff erent dies were used.The author has, according to the possibilities, tried to show as accurately as possible, diff erent forms ofthe letters A, M and w. Also, he has brought to attention the artistic representation of the throne as well as itsvertical surfaces with diff erent number of dots, which gave basis for determining the number of used dies.Particular characteristic of hisamenoi of Romanos III Argyros is that there is a large number that havegraffi ti on them. They can be seen on 44 histamenoi, 25 of them have graffi ti on both sides, 10 only onobverse and 9 on reverse. 15 examples have no graffi ti.Large number of graffi ti on these histamenoi raise a lot of questions: are they perhaps simultaneousto the emission, thus denoting the workshop or perhaps the quality of gold used for minting; or were theymarked later by certain merchants in order to systematize their funds or denote the quality of coins (quantityof copper or silver in them)? For the time being, these questions cannot be answered defi nitely or precisely.The coinage of Romanos III Argyros has exclusively appeared along the coast of the Eastern Adriatic coastor in its hinterland or the part of Herzegovina west of the southern Neretva, starting with Baška on Krk to theunknown site in southern Dalmatia, probably near Dubrovnik. The coinage appears in 28 sites, whether as anindividual fi nd or in a larger group as a hoard. (See the map). According to the available data, the fi nal sumof the found (but not preserved) histamenoi in Croatia and Herzegovina would be 463 coins, but in Croatianmuseums only 81 example is kept (note 32).Histamenon of Romanos III Argyros (1028 – 1034), in the mediaeval documents known as romanatus,was highly valued at that time all over the world as well as within the Croatian state (notes 33-36). However,during the 11th century social and economic circumstances in Croatia greatly improved, which may beone of the reasons why such a large quantity of gold coins from that period could be preserved in diff erentareas (notes 37 – 42). Therefore three groups of sites where coins of this emperor were found, can be formedaccording to their geografi c location: a) around Zadar, b) between the rivers of Krka and Cetina and c) west ofthe southern Neretva which is the area where the largest number of Romanos’ histamenoi were found
Liquid Territories: Configurations of geographic space in the cartographic projections of the Mekong River’s catchment areas
No full textThe role played by the Mekong River in the organization of land and people is inextricably linked with a particular spatial category. The concept of the hydrological catchment extends the space of the river far beyond the limits of the river’s perennial waterbodies, to encompass vast areas inhabited by millions of people speaking different languages. Fundamental to the estimation of precipitation and water volume, areal denotations of the Mekong’s basin, delta and floodplain have been repeatedly drawn on maps by geographers, planners, engineers and cartographers. Mapped representations of the Mekong River however are not only the result of recording the flows of water, nor the domain of a single discourse. With diverging intentions, distinct and sometimes conflicting projections of the basin, delta and floodplain have prescribed the differentiation and unification of parts of mainland Southeast Asia, to articulate liquid territories that are outside a single state’s jurisdiction. As a result, the mapped articulation of surface water is reflected in the configuration of national boundaries and the arrangement of settlements. To understand how the Mekong’s catchments emerge as the geographic reference for human activities, the dissertation examines the technical and cultural notions that underpin the preparation of these maps. Drawing on the discourses of hydrology, geography, cartography as well as infrastructure design, military science, colonial politics and regional planning the research asks what territories are produced and maintained by evoking the geography of the river’s flows
El trazado vitruviano como mecanismo abierto de implantación y ampliación de los teatros romanos
No full textOn the basis of the monographic work about the roman theatre of Sagunto (Spain), the author identifies, from the direct analysis of the ruins, the different construction phases that compose the succesive developments of the original roman implementation. Relating each of the phases with the type defined by Vitruvio, we find the method that the roman constructors used to enlarge the initial theatre of Sagunto which had been designed on the orthodox basis of the vitruvian model.En base a su trabajo monográfico sobre el teatro de Sagunto, el autor identifica, por el análisis directo de las obras de fábrica, diferentes fases constructivas que suponen ampliaciones sucesivas de una primera implantación romana del teatro. Relacionándolas por medio de su correspondencia con el tipo definido por Vitruvio, se descubre el sistema que utilizaron los constructores romanos para ampliar el edificio teatral saguntino que había, ya previamente, obtenido una primera implantación basada en un trazado vitruviano ortodoxo. Desde esta perspectiva se contemplan los tres tipos de teatros romanos propuestos por D. Small en su artículo de AJA de enero de 1983 como tres estadios de la evolución del mismo tipo teatral y el trazado de F. Sear aparecido en esta misma publicación en abril de 1990 como un caso particular del sistema general que se propone aquí como regulador de la evolución de las estructuras teatrales romanas. La hipótesis que se presenta a continuación, como propone una metodología generalizable para el estudio de los teatros romanos, se comprueba en aquellos de Hispania de los que se dispone de planimetría fiable (Acinipo, Itálica y Segóbriga ... ) identificando la validez de su planteamiento
Vinieron los romanos
No full textEl trabajo se contextualiza al comienzo con una breve introducción histórica de la implantación cultural de Roma en Vasconia. Y se inicia con un estudio sobre las innovaciones que los romanos trajeron en el hábitat y el medio urbanístico del país, y sus testimonios en los restos pavimentales que han ido descubriéndose hasta hoy. Siguen unas notas enumerativas y descriptivas sobre los restos escultóricos (muy escasos) y las numerosas lápidas y estelas que han quedado, sobre todo en el valle del Ebro, y sobre el aspecto artístico de algunos objetos del ajuar doméstico y de las cerámicas.Azterlan honi dagokion testuingurua ematen dugu hasieran, Euskal Herrian Erromak eraginiko kultura ezarpenari buruzko sarrera historiko laburra eginez. Lanaren lehen zatian, erromatarrek gure herriaren habitat eta hirigintza inguruneari ekarri berrikuntzak eta gaur arte aurkitu diren zoladura hondakinen lekukotasunak aztertzen dira. Gero, zerrenda eta deskribapen oharrak datoz, batez ere Ebroko haranean geratu diren eskultura hondakinez (gutxi) eta hilarri ugariez, bai eta etxeko zenbait tresnaren eta zeramikaren alderdi artistikoaz.Le travail commence par une brève introduction historique de l'implantation culturelle de Rome au Pays Basque. On passe ensuite à une étude sur les innovations que les romainsd apportèrent dans l'habitat et le milieu urbanistique du pays, et leurs témoignages dans les restes de pavages qui ont été dévouverts jusqu'à ce jour. Suivent des notes énumératives et descriptives sur les restes sculpturaux (très rares) et les nombreuses pierres tombales et stèles qui subsistent, surtout dans la vallée de l'Ebre, et sur l'aspect artistique de quelques objets de mobilier domestique et des céramiques.The author contextualises his work at the beginning with a short historical introduction of the cultural implantation of Rome in ancient Vasconia. And it begins with a study on the innovations that the Romans brought about in the urban habitat and environment of the country, and their testimonies in the paved remains that have been discovered up to the present day. The author then continues with some descriptive notes on sculptural remains (very scarce) and the numerous grave stones and funerary symbols that have remained, especially in the valley of the Ebro, and in the artistic aspect of some objects of domestic apparel and of ceramics
Comentário de Orígenes à Espístola aos Romanos
No full textThe commentary on the epistle to the Romans by Origen, completely involved with Paul's theology, is the result of the controversies that surrounded him, and it is at the same time an attempt to systematize Paul's writings, since it was believed that Pauline texts contained gaps that needed to be filled and interpreted, in order to make them clearer and more intelligible for any reader. Controversial topics such as the comparison between natural law and mosaic law; literal or spiritual and mystical exegesis; free will and God's omniscience; the pre-existence of the soul, which contributed to Origin's later reputation as a heretic author, highlighted the great moment of the Alexandrine, already in his maturity. O comentário à Epístola aos Romanos que Orígenes irá fazer completamente envolvido com a teologia de Paulo será o resultado do ambiente de controvérsias que o circundava, e ao mesmo tempo, uma tentativa de sistematizar os escritos de Paulo, pois se acreditava que as passagens paulinas continham algumas lacunas que seria necessário completar e interpretar para torná-las mais claras e acessíveis para qualquer leitor. Temas controversos, tais como a comparação entre a lei natural e a lei mosaica; a exegese literal ou espiritual e mística; o livre-arbítrio e a onisciência de Deus, a preexistência das almas, a qual contribuiu para a pecha que Orígenes ganhou posteriormente, de ser um autor herético, assinalavam o grande momento do alexandrino já em sua fase mais madura
- …
