1,720,984 research outputs found
The evolution of primate short-term memory
No full text* Correspondence should be addressed to Manuel Bohn (manyprimates@gmai l.com).Short-term memory is implicated in a range of cognitive abilities and is critical for understanding primate cognitive evolution. To investigate the effects of phylogeny, ecology and sociality on short-term memory, we tested the largest and most diverse primate sample to date (421 non-human primates across 41 species) in an experimental delayed-response task. Our results confirm previous findings that longer delays decrease memory performance across species and taxa. Our analyses demonstrate a considerable contribution of phylogeny over ecological and social factors on the distribution of short-term memory performance in primates; closely related species had more similar short-term memory abilities. Overall, individuals in the branch of Hominoidea performed better compared to Cercopithecoidea, who in turn performed above Platyrrhini and Strepsirrhini. Interdependencies between phylogeny and socioecology of a given species presented an obstacle to disentangling the effects of each of these factors on the evolution of short-term memory capacity. However, this study offers an important step forward in understanding the interspecies and individual variation in short-term memory ability by providing the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this trait’s evolutionary history. The dataset constitutes a unique resource for studying the evolution of primate cognition and the role of short-term memory in other cognitive abilities.Peer reviewe
ManyPrimates: an infrastructure for international collaboration in primate cognition research
No full textUn des objectifs des recherches en cognition chez les primates est de comprendre l'histoire évolutive de leurs capacités cognitives. De grands échantillons provenant d'un large éventail d'espèces sont essentiels pour atteindre ce but. Cependant, la fiabilité des inférences évolutives résultant de ces études souffre souvent d’échantillons réduits, limités à une poignée d’individus et d'espèces. Le projet ManyPrimates propose de surmonter ces limitations en fournissant un cadre collaboratif à grande échelle à l’intention d’études comparatives sur la cognition des primates. S'appuyant sur des initiatives similaires issues d'autres domaines de la psychologie, ce consortium a déjà produit une étude pilote sur la mémoire à court terme regroupant, à ce jour, l'un des échantillons de primates le plus important, i.e. 176 individus, et le plus diversifié, i.e. douze espèces provenant de onze sites différents. D’autres projets sur la mémoire à court terme, mais aussi sur les capacités d’inhibition ou encore l’inférence par exclusion sont en cours, et représentent des opportunités prometteuses pour répondre à des questions encore ouvertes sur l’origine des capacités cognitives des primates. Cet article présente les résultats préliminaires et les perspectives de cet ambitieux projet ainsi que le fonctionnement de cette infrastructure collaborative et les différentes manières d’y contribuer.Research in primate cognition improves our understanding of the evolutionary history of these mental abilities. Large samples from a wide diversity of species are essential to achieve such objectives. However, research on primate cognition usually suffers from very small samples limited to a handful of species, which prevents reliable evolutionary inferences. The ManyPrimates project offers to overcome some of these problems by providing a large-scale collaborative framework for comparative studies on primate cognition. Building on similar initiatives in other areas of psychology, this consortium has already produced a pilot study on short-term memory gathering one of the largest, i.e. 176 individuals, and most diverse, i.e. twelve species from eleven different sites, primate samples to date. Other projects on short-term memory, inhibitory abilities and on inference by exclusion are in progress on large and diverse data sets and represent exciting opportunities to answer still open questions on the origin of the extraordinary cognitive abilities of primates. This paper describes these projects but also the coordination and communication of this collaborative infrastructure and the different ways to contribute to it
ManyPrimates 3A - Inference by Exclusion
No full textA big team science project to study inference by exclusion in different primate specie
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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