21 research outputs found
Towards the ambient aerosol extinction from dried aerosol in situ observations
No full textAccurate predictions of the extinction and scattering properties of the atmosphere are important for climate research and interpreting satellite data. This study introduces a model (called the H-model) that calculates the scattering coefficients and scattering enhancement factors based on in situ measurements of the dried ambient aerosol. A disadvantage of using dried aerosol measurements is that they do not correspond with the ambient conditions, as they are measured at a relative humidity below 40% and thus the particles are assumed to contain no water. Measurements of aerosol chemical composition do not contain water mass concentrations and measurements of the particle size distribution do not include water. To solve this problem, the H-model uses ISORROPIA, a thermodynamic equilibrium model, to estimate the expected amount of aerosol water content and growth factor g(RH) of aerosol particles for any given temperature and relative humidity (RH). With this information, the conversion between dry and enhanced relative humidity can be made. The chemical composition measurements can be complemented with the estimated aerosol water concentrations and the particle size distribution can be recalculated based on the growth factor for any given RH. In addition, the growth factor is also calculated by using k-Köhler theory and compared to the results of ISORROPIA. The findings of this sub-study show that the growth factors calculated by both approaches (ISORROPIA and k-Köhler theory) are similar as they significantly correlate. ISORROPIA, however, is more sensitive to small chemical changes which makes it more appropriate for the H-model. The calculated growth factors are used in the H-model to estimate changes in the chemical composition and particle size distribution of the aerosol particles at enhanced relative humidity. Subsequently, the H-model uses MIE theory to estimate the scattering properties of the particles at a specific relative humidity. By doing so, the scattering properties can be calculated at dry and enhanced RH, making it possible to calculate scattering enhancement factors. Finally, the H-model is validated by comparing the calculated scattering properties to measured scattering properties of a (humidified) nephelometer. To do so, in situ measurements from the CINDI campaign in 2009 and the TROLIX campaign in 2019 at Cabauw are used. The findings of this validation show that the results from the H-model do not yet accurately match the measurements. That being said, a strong correlation is observed between the calculated and the measured scattering properties. This shows that the H-model is able to capture changes in the particle size distribution and chemical composition while calculating the enhancement factors. It can be concluded that the results from the H-model are promising but need further work to close the gap between the calculations and measurements. The H-model makes multiple simplifications and assumptions which could be improved upon, thereby increasing the precision of the results as well. Furthermore, to fully conclude the findings of this study, the measurements of the SMPS and the nephelometers should be calibrated. A better statement can then be made about the accuracy of the comparison between the scattering properties calculated by the H-model and measured by the nephelometers
Towards a prediction of the intensity of a harmattan season
No full textThe harmattan is a seasonal phenomena in West Africa. It is a dry and warm wind which is able to transport large dust plumes. This study aims to get insight in possible triggers that may have influence on the harmattan season itself.To find a seasonal predictor which can predict the intensity of the next harmattan season, historical data is analyzed. Changes in de Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone seem to have a significant influence on the harmattan season
Pendampingan Konselor Menangani Krisis Keluarga: Kasus Sonduk Hela di Suku Batak
No full textThis research aims to be a provision or guide for counselors in accompanying the son-in-law experiencing a family crisis the sonduk hela case the Batak tribe. The focus of the research abaut in accompanying the son-in-law experiencing family crisis the sonduk hela case the Batak tribe in village of Pegagan Julu IV. This research used qualitative methods with literature research (library research), data collection through interviews, observation of data sources, documentation and data analysis using case studies. The results of the research are first by a cross-cultural approach, as a son-in-law becomes aware of the cultural rules Toba Batak, the heir is male and has the courage to make decisions, secondly by the Pastoral Case study metode approach, the son-in-law makes events that occur around him as objective or realistic inspiration, and aware of his identity when he is with his in-laws' family. Third, by cultural counselor approach (klb), pastoral case study method (mskp), and theological approach will help the son-in-law deal with the family crisis of the sonduk hela case the Batak tribe.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menjadi bekal atau pegangan konselor dalam mendampingi menantu yang mengalami krisis keluarga kasus sonduk hela suku Batak. Fokus penelitian ialah menantu laki-laki yang mengalami krisis keluarga kasus sonduk hela suku Batak di desa Pegagan Julu IV. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan literature risearch (penelitian perpustakaan), pengumpulan data melalui Interview, Observasi sumber data, dokumentasi dan menganalisa data dengan Case study. Hasil penelitian ialah pertama melalui pendekatan lintas budaya, sebagai menantu laki-laki menjadi sadar dengan aturan budaya Batak Toba yaitu ahli waris adalah laki-laki dan berani menentukan keputusan, kedua melalui pendekatan Metode Studi Kasus Pastoral, menantu laki-laki menjadikan peristiwa yang terjadi disekitar sebagai inspirasi yang objektif atau realistis, serta menyadari jati dirinya saat bersama keluarga mertua. Ketiga, pendekatan konselor lintas budaya (klb), metode studi kasus pastoral (mskp), dan pendekatan teologi akan membatu menantu menangani krisis keluarga kasus sonduk hela di suku Batak
Transnationalität und nationale Schulsysteme: Perspektiven für Forschung und Lehre
No full textDie Fragen des vorliegenden Themenhefts zu Konsequenzen der Entwicklungen von Schulen in transnationalen Lebenswelten für Forschung und Lehre in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung, werden im folgenden Beitrag unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Deutschschweizer Kontexts bearbeitet. Es wird die These vertreten, dass Forschung, die innovativ ist, vermehrt schulische Prozesse untersucht, Kontexte als nationalstaatlich geprägte Konfigurationen konzeptualisiert sowie mögliche Auswirkungen auf die schulische Praxis mitreflektiert. Für die Lehre wird entsprechend eine differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit (nationalen) «Normalitäten“ in Schulen angeregt und die grosse Bedeutung von praxisorientierten Methoden betont. Zudem werden Hinweise zum Entwicklungsbedarf der Pädagogischen Hochschulen selbst gemacht. (DIPF/Orig.)The development of transnational communities, and their investigation with regards to the requirements of preparing future teachers within teacher training, is addressed in the context of the German speaking area of Switzerland. Research which investigates processes at schools, conceptualizes contexts as state-derived configurations, and reflects upon related effects on educational practices, is considered innovative. Accordingly, the author encourages an in-depth reflection on(national) “normalities” in schools and its strong meaning for practice-oriented methods. Advice is also given with regards to the developmental needs of teacher training institutions. (DIPF/Orig.
Bibliografering av tryckt skönlitteratur och musikalier : En komparativ studie
No full textLiterature and music as an expression of art have some parts in common, others can quite differ. Both are using a language, and both can exist in written representations. You can find such written or printed items in library catalogues. The aim of this two years master's thesis is to examine how cataloguing of printed fiction-literature and printed music looks like, what differences you can find in cataloguing of printed literature and printed music. This study is based on a comparative methodology and two different theories are used. The first describes the common tasks for library catalogues as they are known traditionally and recently (as FRBR-conceptual model), the other is a comparison of the two art-species literature (fiction) and music. This paper's first part is a comparison of how printed literature and printed music are catalogued in the Swedish national catalogue LIBRIS. This comparison first looked at the Swedish cataloguing rules in KRS (Katalogiseringsregler för svenska bibliotek) and exemplified with a selection of the printed fictional works of one author and the printed music of one composer for comparison. In a second step the FRBR-conceptual model was examined for differences in the basic requirements for national bibliographic records either for printed fiction-literature or for printed music, and how much of these basic requirements are represented in the data of the LIBRIS-catalogue. For both parts it was possible to show, that the differences in cataloguing of printed literature and printed music exist, but only on a more or less detailed level. The tasks for a catalogue are for both literature and music the same: to find a work, to show what a library has and to assist in the choice of a work. But the bibliographic data for printed music materials are much more detailed than those for printed fiction-literature because of differences in the nature of literature and music. I think an implementation of the FRBR conceptual model would improve the information-possibilities of library catalogues. Mostly the fifth FRBR-task to relate would give more valuable information to a catalogue, especially for literary (fiction) and musical products that usually exist in many different expressions
STUDI DESKRIPTIF MUSIK TRADISIONAL LAGIA PADA KEBUDAYAAN NIAS DI SANGGAR MUSEUM PUSAKA NIAS KOTAMADYA GUNUNGSITOLI
No full textABSTRACT This study aims to determine the descriptive study of Lagia traditional music in Nias culture at the Museum Pusaka Nias. The approach tha the authors take is to use qualitative research methods. The work process carried out namely, observation, interviews, documentation, recording of activities, song transcript. This research was conducted by gathering information through field research to obtain results that are processed into original data. The results of the research show that Lagia is a single-stringed musical instrument made from salak roots, with a resonator made from sugar palm sticks, strings handles made of palm sugar pieces, strings made of tutura (rattan) and bow made of wood that has supple properties liek bamboo which are classified into the Chordophone classification. The author determines the location in the Museum Pusaka Nias and interview figures who ubderstand and understand it in that field. Lagia musical instrumen is played by using a bow which firts strings and both bow strins must be smeared with water (in the old days using saliva).Keywords : Descriptive study, Traditional Music, Lagi
Displacements as failure origin of placed riprap on steep slopes
No full textThis paper presents results from a scale model study related to the stability of dumped and placed riprap on steep slopes of 1:1.5 (vertical: horizontal) exposed to overtopping. The experiments showed that small rearrangements of the stones in placed riprap, quantified as displacements of particular stones, led to a compaction in the lower part of the riprap and to loosening in the upstream part. The riprap became unstable when the maximum displacements exceeded the size of the longest axes of the riprap stones. The experimental data were used to develop a relationship to describe the development of the displacements taking the load-history into account. The obtained results were indirectly confirmed by comparison with findings of two reports which are described in the present paper. Moreover, placing the riprap stones in an interlocking pattern resulted in five times higher critical discharges compared to randomly dumped riprap.publishedVersion© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License ( http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way
"Kajian Genangan Banjir Sungai Muke di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dan Upaya Pengendaliannya."
No full textCivil Engineering, Forum Teknik sipil Volume: XVIII/ 2- Mei 2008 hal. 811 - 821, No.ISSN: 0854-111
PENDAMPINGAN PASTORAL BUDAYA BAGI KOMUNITAS PENENUN DI DESA PANSUR NAPITU KECAMATAN SIATAS BARITA KABUPATEN TAPANULI UTARA
No full textUlos dikenal sebagai ekspresi kasih-sayang, maka dikenal ungkapan mangulosi. Dalam adat Batak, mangulosi (memberikan ulos) melambangkan pemberian kehangatan dan kasih sayang kepada penerima ulos. Proses revitalisasi perlu dilakukan dengan hati-hati agar tidak menghilangkan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam kain ulos itu sendiri. Metode pendampingan pastoral budaya bagi komunitas penenun di desa Pansur Napitu adalah pemaparan atau penjelasan materi, diskusi, dan tanya jawab secara tatap muka (on site). Pembicara menyampaikan hal-hal penting seperti: (a) Pentingnya pemasaran berbasis e-commerce (b) Pemasaran berbasis marketplace (c) Mengembangkan keunggulan daya saing bisnis melalui pasar global (d) cara pembuatan zat pewarna alami dari tumbuh-tumbuhan sekitar. Penyampaian materi didukung oleh tampilan visual berupa slide power point dan alat peraga yang dipersiapkan oleh pembicara. Para peserta aktif dalam kegiatan diskusi dan tanya. Pembicara juga memberikan kesempatan kepada perwakilan peserta untuk berbagi pengalaman mengenai pembuatan dan penjualan ulos tenun. Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan manfaat bagi mitra. Mitra membagikan manfaat berupa wawasan yang bertambah dan bangkitnya semangat untuk tetap tekun melestarikan tenun ulos
Studi Evaluasi Rancangan Ocean Outfall Produced Water dari Floating Production Storage and Offloading
No full textLimbah cair merupakan jenis limbah terbesar yang dihasilkan dari produksi minyak dan gas bumi. Salah satu limbah cair adalah produced water atau Air terproduksi yang merupakan air yang terekstraksi dari dasar laut bersamaan dengan minyak dan gas selama pengeboran dan produksi sumur minyak dan gas. Pembuangan air terproduksi adalah praktik umum di industri minyak dan gas, yang diketahui dapat memiliki efek merugikan terhadap lingkungan. Penulis melakukan analisis terhadap pola penyebaran kandungan minyak dan lemak produced water FPSO Inpex Masela dari ocean outfall, memprediksi dampak penyebarannya terhadap daerah sensitif yang berada di sekitar area kegiatan dan menemukan alternatif outfall FPSO berdasarkan variasi kedalamannya dengan pemodelan numerik pada kondisi arus minimum dan maksimum. Didapatkan pada kedua kondisi arus, konsentrasi minyak dan lemak sudah memenuhi baku mutu air laut (kurang dari 1 mg/L) sebelum efluen menyentuh permukaan, dengan konsentrasi akhir pada near-field sebesar 0,62 mg/L pada arus minimum 0,1 m/s dan 0,05 mg/L pada arus maksimum 1 m/s. Penyebaran minyak dan lemak diprediksi hanya akan terbawa sejauh 10 hingga 11 km pada kondisi arus maksimum dengan konsentrasi 0,34 × 10−3 mg/L, sehingga tidak mencemari zona perikanan masyarakat Pulau Selaru dan Kawasan Strategis Nasional yang berada sejauh 80 km dari titik pembuangan. Kedalaman port outfall sebesar 9 m merupakan kedalaman yang paling efisien karena dapat mendilusikan efluen dengan baik dan menurunkan konsentrasinya mencapai baku mutu sebelum mencapai permukaan air laut, dan dengan jarak horizontal dari port yang sama dengan kedalaman asli port outfall sebesar 12 m. Dengan efektivitas yang sama, perusahaan dapat menghemat biaya dengan menggunakan outfall yang lebih pendek.
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Liquid waste is the largest type of waste generated from oil and gas production. One form of liquid waste is produced water, which is water extracted from the seabed along with oil and gas during drilling and production of oil and gas wells. The disposal of produced water is a common practice in the oil and gas industry, known to have detrimental effects on the environment. The author conducted an analysis of the oil and fat content dispersion pattern of the produced water from the FPSO through an ocean outfall, predicting its impact on sensitive areas surrounding the activity area, and explored alternative outfall depth for the FPSO using numerical modeling under minimum and maximum flow conditions. Under both flow conditions, the oil and fat concentrations met seawater quality standards (less than 1 mg/L) before reaching the surface, with final near-field concentrations of 0.62 mg/L at a minimum flow rate of 0.1 m/s and 0.05 mg/L at a maximum flow rate of 1 m/s. The dispersion of oil and fat was predicted to reach a distance of only 10 to 11 km under maximum flow conditions, with a concentration of 0,34 × 10−3 mg/L, thus avoiding contamination of the fishing zone for the Pulau Selaru community and the National Strategic Area, located 80 km away from the disposal point. A port outfall depth of 9 meters was found to be the most efficient as it effectively diluted the effluent and reduced its concentration to meet quality standards before reaching the seawater surface. This depth provided the same effectiveness as the original 12-meter port outfall while allowing the company to save costs by using a shorter outfall
