1,720,964 research outputs found
The art of sports nutrition practice
No full textThis chapter will provide an insight into how sports nutrition professionals put their scientific knowledge into practice, that is, the art of sports nutrition practice. Sports nutrition professionals share their experiences working with athletes in emerging sports, across the lifespan, and in different climatic conditions and geographical locations. Additionally, there are practical tips from sports nutrition professionals working with teams and managing catering for large sporting events.</p
Para athletes
No full textParalympic athletes compete in a wide range of events and performance levels and with wide-ranging functionality. Some Para athletes have very similar needs to athletes competing in corresponding able-bodied events. Others require bespoke modifications to suit their individual characteristics. This chapter reviews the considerations to be given to energy needs, macronutrient requirements, micronutrient requirements, capacity to eat and drink around training sessions, potentially altered thermoregulation and medical circumstances when supporting Para athletes to perform. Some sports nutrition practices such as body composition assessment and hydration testing may require modification for some Para athletes. Research focusing on the specific needs of different types of Para athletes is needed to support continual improvements.</p
Endurance Sports
Get PDFThis chapter explores daily training needs of endurance sport athletes and outlines various nutrition considerations for endurance competition. Endurance sport encompasses a variety of activities, sometimes in combination across a range of distances and intensities. Endurance athletes commit considerable effort, time and finances to training and racing. Recreational endurance athletes, while not training at the same level, are required to balance lifestyle commitments such as work, study and family in between daily workouts. Dietary surveys of endurance athletes commonly report dietary intakes that fall recommendations for energy, carbohydrate and various vitamins and minerals. Endurance athletes, male and female, are at increased risk of suffering from low energy availability. The amount, timing, type, frequency of intake and form of carbohydrate should be considered when advising endurance athletes in relation to carbohydrate intake during training and racing.<br/
Endurance athletes
No full textThis chapter highlights key nutrition considerations for sports nutrition practitioners working to support endurance athletes. Endurance athletes have varied daily energy requirements which are primarily influenced by their daily training schedule and annual training plan. Sports nutrition practitioners should use available training metrics to carefully interpret carbohydrate intake guidelines and create practical food and fluid suggestions integrated into an athlete’s busy schedule, fine-tuned with ongoing feedback. This is particularly important as endurance athletes are susceptible to problematic low energy availability. Practitioners, coaches, and performance support staff should monitor athletes’ markers of health and well-being and be vigilant of signs of disordered eating and eating disorders when working with endurance athletes. Endurance race nutrition strategies centred around carbohydrate and fluid intakes should be rehearsed in ‘race-like’ training sessions and customised for individuals taking into account the environment and race dynamics.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Assessing the impact of maternal Omega-3 LCPUFA DHA on the body composition of children at 7 years of age using Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP)
Get PDFThe first 1000 days of a child’s life, from conception to their second birthday, is a critical window of development during which environmental exposures have a particularly important role in determining the future health outcomes of a child. Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are essential fatty acids that play an important role in the health of the mother and growth and development of the fetus. On the basis of the role of n-3 LCPUFAs in decreasing fat deposition in adult rodents and in vitro studies, it has been hypothesised that an increased supply of n-3 LCPUFA, in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) before birth, could reduce body fat mass later in childhood. However, there is a lack of robust evidence from human studies to support this. The first aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation, chiefly as DHA, during pregnancy on the body fat mass of children at 7 years of age using Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP). This study was a follow-up of the largest RCT to date to examine the effect of maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on maternal/infant outcomes, the DOMInO (DHA to Optimise Mother Infant Outcome) trial in which the women were supplemented with 800mg DHA/day from 20 weeks gestation to delivery. The second aim was to undertake a comparison of the body composition results obtained using the BOD POD with Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS). A total of 252 children participated in this study. During clinic appointments, body composition testing was conducted using both ADP and BIS. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist and hip circumference were obtained. The child's dietary information was obtained using a Diet and Physical Activity Questionnaire which included 116 food frequency questions. Nutritional intake was assessed using the Healthy Diet Index for children (HDI-CA). I found no effect of maternal DHA supplementation on body fat mass, assessed by either BIS or BOD POD, BMI z-score or any other anthropometric measures in the children at 7 years of age. While the results for body fat mass obtained using the BIS and BOD POD were significantly correlated, BIS consistently over estimated body fat mass in comparison with the BOD POD, especially in girls. Most children showed a poor compliance to the Australian Dietary Guidelines, and this was not affected by maternal DHA supplementation. The findings from this thesis provide new and important insights into our understanding of the relative importance of the nutritional environment before birth, in early infancy and later in childhood on body composition and the risk of obesity. The results from the comparison of body composition methods in this thesis highlights the variation that can occur between methods and therefore the importance of using the same method in studies where the aim is to directly compare results. In conclusion, high dose maternal DHA supplementation had no significant positive or negative effect on childhood growth/body composition, at least until 7 years of age, and is therefore not likely to be an effective strategy for addressing the current obesity epidemic.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2016
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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