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A review of reality-based 3D model generation, segmentation and web-based visualization methods
Full text linkThe tremendous improvements in data capturing technologies and in the related processing methodologies are opening more and more possibilities in different fields of applications. In particular the Cultural Heritage field is taking great advantages from the latest reality-based 3D modelling developments. One of the most significant consequences of the introduction of digital 3D modelling in the heritage field is the great opportunity of using 3D models as highly effective and intuitive means of communication or as interfaces to share and visualize information collected e.g. in databases.
Unstructured 3D data recorded with photogrammetry or laser scanning techniques are generally converted in polygonal textured 3D models, subdivided and organized using automated and manual
methods and finally visualized using web-based tools in order to allow remote access and data retrieval to a wider range of users, with evident advantages in enlarging knowledge and education. The
paper presents the state-of-the-art in 3D surveying and modelling, segmentation and web-based access for heritage sites and objects (Fig. 1). The most reliable and practical approaches are presented with references and best practices. Some future perspectives are also addressed
Dal rilievo alle rappresentazioni ad alta risoluzione dello spazio architettonico continuo. Il caso di studio del complesso dell’Abbazia di Pomposa.
Full text linkIl progetto di rilievo e rappresentazione ad alta risoluzione dell’Abbazia di Santa Maria di Pomposa nasce con l’obiettivo di mettere a confronto differenti metodologie di rilievo e rappresentazione, valutare le prestazioni e le soluzioni più idonee finalizzate ad ottenere un rilievo e una rappresentazione complessiva dell’intero complesso abbaziale, che consenta restituzioni e analisi multi-scalari. Il presente contributo presenta alcuni dei risultati ottenuti dall’utilizzo integrato di tecniche di rilievo 3D e illustra alcune tipologie di analisi e rappresentazioni grafiche che possono essere condotte e riprodotte a partire dal dato complesso e multi-scalare acquisito. Il contributo mostra come tale approccio non sia destinato ad un singolo caso studio, ma partendo da esso possa essere esteso ad altri contesti che presentino simili criticità e potenzialità comunicative, spesso ricorrenti nel campo del rilievo e della rappresentazione dei Beni Culturali
An Information System for the integration, management and visualization of 3D reality based archaeological models from different operators
No full textVirtual and augmented reality applications for Cultural Heritage
Full text linkThe purpose of this paper is to show the results of a research aimed at investigating the potential of digital technologies in order to provide instruments that allow to share information about the Cultural Heritage, which Museums and Institutions are called to preserve and promote.
Our project’s aim is finding the most suitable procedure to acquire archaeological artefacts, build their digital replica together with 3D printed prototypes and derive simplified models to be visualized through stereoscopic devices, allowing the simultaneous viewing of real and digital 3D data through an augmented reality environment, portable to mobile devices as well
PARAMETRIC ACCURACY: BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING PROCESS APPLIED TO THE CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION
No full textSince their introduction, modeling tools aimed to architectural design evolved in today’s "digital multi-purpose drawing boards"
based on enhanced parametric elements able to originate whole buildings within virtual environments. Semantic splitting and
elements topology are features that allow objects to be "intelligent" (i.e. self-aware of what kind of element they are and with whom
they can interact), representing this way basics of Building Information Modeling (BIM), a coordinated, consistent and always up to
date workflow improved in order to reach higher quality, reliability and cost reductions all over the design process. Even if BIM was
originally intended for new architectures, its attitude to store semantic inter-related information can be successfully applied to
existing buildings as well, especially if they deserve particular care such as Cultural Heritage sites. BIM engines can easily manage
simple parametric geometries, collapsing them to standard primitives connected through hierarchical relationships: however, when
components are generated by existing morphologies, for example acquiring point clouds by digital photogrammetry or laser scanning
equipment, complex abstractions have to be introduced while remodeling elements by hand, since automatic feature extraction in
available software is still not effective. In order to introduce a methodology destined to process point cloud data in a BIM
environment with high accuracy, this paper describes some experiences on monumental sites documentation, generated through a
plug-in written for Autodesk Revit and codenamed GreenSpider after its capability to layout points in space as if they were nodes of
an ideal cobweb
Fruizione digitale di reperti archeologici. L’esperienza del museo civico archeologico di Bologna. Digital fruition of archeological finds. The experience at he archeological museum of Bologna.
Full text linkIl contributo presenta una serie di indagini avviate nell’ambito di una collaborazione tra il Dipartimento di Architettura e Pianificazione Territoriale DAPT dell’Università degli Studi di Bologna e il Museo Civico Archeologico di Bologna volte alla messa a punto di procedure per il rilievo e per la fruizione digitale di reperti archeologici. In particolare, il contributo illustra come le possibilità di fruizione del patrimonio storico-artistico possano essere ampliate grazie all’utilizzo di tecniche digitali in grado di innescare meccanismi percettivi multisensoriali e di coinvolgere attivamente gli utenti nella esplorazione dei contenuti presentati attraverso le collezioni.
Visualizzazioni immersive, realtà aumentata e rapporto tattile, oltre che visivo, con i reperti, contribuiscono a stabilire un canale comunicativo immediato e più vicino a utenti che utilizzano quotidianamente questi strumenti di comunicazione e di accesso alle informazioni.
This contribution presents a series of investigations undertaken thanks to the collaboration between the Department of Architecture and Territorial Planning of the University of Bologna and the Archaeological Museum of Bologna , aimed at finding a procedure for the 3d digital survey and exploration of archaeological finds. In particular, this paper shows how users can benefit from the use of digital technologies for the fruition of historical-artistic heritage. As a matter of fact, digital communication tools stimulate multisensory perception mechanisms and therefore allow to actively involve users in the exploration of contents presented through collections.
Immersive visualizations, augmented reality and both tactile and visual exploration of findings can ease the establishment of a more immediate and direct communication channel with users that generally communicate and access information using digital technologies and mediums
VIRTUAL EXHIBITION AND FRUITION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS
No full textDuring the last two decades, since digital technologies have become more sophisticated in acquiring real data and building faithful copies of them, their improvements have suggested interesting applications in the field of valorisation of Historical, Cultural and Artistic Heritage, with significant consequences in the share and widespread of knowledge. But although several technologies and methodologies for 3d digitization have recently been developed and improved, the lack of a standard procedure and the costs connected to their use still doesn't encourage the systematic digital acquisition of wide collections and heritage.
The aim of this paper is to show the state of the art of a project whose aim is to provide a methodology and a procedure to create digital reproductions of artefacts for Institutions called to preserve, manage and enhance the fruition of archaeological finds inside museums or through digital exhibitions. Our project’s aim is to find the most suitable procedure to digitally acquire archaeo logical artefacts that usually have small dimensions and have very complex and detailed surfaces. Within our methodology, particular attention has been paid to the use of widely shared and open-source visualization systems that enhance the involvement of the user by emphasizing three-dimensional characteristics of artefacts through virtual reality
REALITY-BASED MODELING OF MULTI-SCALE DETAILED CULTURAL HERITAGE
No full textThe aim of this contribution is to show the results of investigations held in order to provide a methodology to ease the 3D digital survey and representation of Cultural Heritage and therefore to suggest standard procedures and practices that can be adopted by Museums and Institutions called to document and promote the historical and artistic heritage they preserve. In particular, the case studies presented in this paper are both archaeological finds and artworks that have been chosen for the multi-scale complexity of their geometry and for the peculiar colour and reflectance characteristics of matter that require particular attention during their digital reproduction. Within our investigations, different technologies have been tested and compared; in particular, different versions of 3D models of the same artifacts were acquired using both range-based and image-based technologies, as well as different definitions and accuracies, aiming at highlighting advantages and disadvantages in different contexts and for different purposes. Within our methodology, particular attention has been paid to the check of the quality of collected data and of the restored digital replicas in relation with the main characteristics of artifacts and with communication aims. As a matter of fact, the definition of the most suitable level of detail of information to be restored accordingly to the peculiar characteristics of the artifact and to the different uses was one of the main presupposes to our research. In addition to these aspects, the preservation of geometric complexities and surface irregularities and meanwhile the reduction of redundant information in order to allow the management of huge amount of data, was not a secondary challenge of our investigations
Integrated multi-scalar approach for 3D Cultural Heritage acquisitions
No full textThis contribution presents the results of investigations on the reliability of technologies based on the Structure from Motion approach for the 3D digitization of build heritage. Since in the architectonical survey field the level of detail of acquisitions is based on scales of representation that range between values that are generally compatible with the definition provided by some of the most widespread SfM technologies, we tested their performances and developed a procedure with the purpose of easing the work of surveyors called to restore digital representations at different scales. Restored 3D models were compared among each other and with a gold standard acquisition. These analysis led to qualitative and quantitative evaluations and to considerations on times and skills required by all tested technologies. Strengths and weaknesses are here highlighted and the integration of different technologies is presented, as it generally represents the best solution in most multi-scalar contexts
Il Disegno per i Concorsi d’Architettura: un ritorno all’antico? Rivisitazioni stereoscopiche di disegni della prima metà del ‘900.
Full text linkLo scopo di questo contributo è la presentazione dell’evoluzione subita dagli elaborati di progetto presenti ai concorsi di idee, in parallelo con l’evoluzione delle tecniche grafiche (da quelle al tratto a quelle digitali), oltre alla documentazione di archivi di disegni di concorso, resi disponibili in rete per la diffusione della loro conoscenza e per la formulazione di una loro nuova veste, digitale e stereoscopica.
La tecnica della visualizzazione di immagini e disegni in stereoscopia è retaggio di una cultura della rappresentazione attenta all’evoluzione tecnologica dei mezzi di comunicazione: il disegno d’architettura, come espressione delle qualità di oggetti costruiti, beneficia forse più di altri settori di tale metodo grafico, particolarmente adatto nel comunicare il plasticismo spaziale delle forme.
Analizzando i disegni di alcune raccolte storiche, acquisiti mediante scanner ottici con un elevato livello di risoluzione e organizzati oggi in un archivio digitale, fruibile attraverso la rete, si può verificare che tale tecnologia consente di apprezzarne anche i dettagli più minuti, valorizzando le scelte di progetto in essi documentate.
A potenziare questa possibilità di visione analitica tramite tele-collegamento, si è realizzata una loro elaborazione digitale separandone i piani verticali, riconoscibili dalle viste prospettiche e distanziabili per profondità attraverso le omologie individuabili dai punti loro appartenenti, già presenti in piante o sezioni. Con algoritmi operanti sulle scansioni raster, si sono generate viste contenenti opportune duplicazioni degli elementi, differenziati nell’angolazione per ricostruirne la percezione ottica separata propria della stereoscopia (generazione di stereo coppie).
Si sono poi regolati interattivamente gli effetti di convergenza e sono stati corretti gli artefatti grafici derivanti dall’interpolazione digitale delle immagini; il risultato del flusso di lavoro sintetizzato è costituito da coppie di immagini che possono essere miscelate per ottenere i classici anaglifi (fruibili attraverso display elettronici a bassa frequenza di rigenerazione con occhiali a lenti colorate rosso/ciano) ovvero rappresentazioni di stereo coppie attraverso la tecnologia di proiezione attiva (mediante lenti polarizzate e sincronizzate con schermi ad alta frequenza).
La prima modalità di visualizzazione garantisce la possibilità di sfruttare la classica stampa anaglifica riservandola ai supporti cartacei od agli schermi dei dispositivi mobili, come cellulari o tablet pc, senza risultare in un’alterazione troppo evidente dei colori originali, dal momento che le tavole sono state in massima parte acquisite in tonalità di grigio.
La visione attraverso occhiali attivi d’altro canto, utilizzati parallelamente a monitor o video proiettori collegati a calcolatori specificatamente preparati, consente l’allestimento di postazioni virtuali dove il coinvolgimento di più utenti contemporaneamente permette di apprezzare i documenti d’epoca più fedelmente ed in un contesto interattivo.
Infine il contributo proposto, analizzando l’evoluzione delle tecniche di presentazione grafica connessa alle tecnologie disponibili nei vari periodi considerati, intende indagare l’evoluzione prodotta nella modalità concettuale di comunicazione dell’architettura, evoluzione che costituisce occasione per valutare le nuove “qualità” e le nuove “carenze” dell’attuale tecnica di comunicazione del Progetto
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