69 research outputs found
Целена пÑиходинамÑка пÑихотерапија во лекувањето на неврозата
No full textThe patients were treated with the method of psychoanalysis. They represented symptoms of the convertible fobicle neurosis. The author was an observer of the therapy, and at the same time, he was an object of the supervision of psychotherapist. On that way, he observed the situation and the psychical manifestations of patients. Especially it had possibilities to observe phenomena of the emotional transfer of the patients and their transfer.Со методот на целената пÑихоаналитичка терапија лекувани Ñе двајца пациенти. Тие покажуваа Ñимптоми на конверзивна фобична невроза. Ðвторот беше обÑервер на оваа терапија и во иÑто време објект на Ñупервизијата на пÑихотерапевтот. Ðа тој начин, ја проучувал терапевтÑката Ñитуација и пÑихичките манифеÑтации на пациентот. ПоÑебно имаше можноÑти да ги проучува феномените на емоционалниот Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° пациентите и нивниот транÑфер
ТокÑични ефекти предизвикани од хемотерапија Ñо виÑоки дози метотрекÑат кај деца Ñо акутна лимфоблаÑтна леукемија
Get PDFIntensification of systemic chemotherapy with incinclusionof high doses methotrexate (MTX) has contributed to the improvement of event-free survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite this benefit, this agent might cause serious toxicity, even life-treating events during treatment. Therefore, prediction, early detection and management of toxic effects during therapy with high doses of MTX is still a great challenge for every pediatric oncologist.The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of toxic effects of chemotherapy with high doses of MTX (5 g/m^2) and to compare them with toxicity during application of lower doses of MTX (2 g/m^2).Retrospective record review of 77 children with medium risk ALL was done. Patients were treated in the Department of hematology and oncology at the University children's hospital in Skopje. Forty-five of them were treated with 5 g/m^2 and 32 of them were treated with 2 g/m^2 (historic group). Toxicity was registered according to the protocol for acute toxicity, part of the ALL BFM 95 protocol.Toxic effects were predominant in the group treated with higher doses of MTX. The most significant toxic effects were hepatotoxicity, oral mucositis and myelosuppression. More severe grade of hepatotoxicity and oral mucositis were present in the study group. In our study toxic effects were more common in the study group due to application of higher doses of MTX.Variations in toxicity between the patients of the study group are probably due to the genetic differences in the drug absorption, their excretion and cellular transport. Current studies are dedicated on discovering genetic markers which will be able to predict the risk of appearance of MTX toxicity.Intensification of systemic chemotherapy with in- clusion of high doses methotrexate (MTX) has contributed to the improvement of event-free survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite this benefit, this agent might cause serious toxicity, even life-treating events during treatment. Therefore, prediction, early detection and management of toxic effects during therapy with high doses of MTX is still a great challenge for every pediatric oncologist.The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of toxic effects of chemotherapy with high doses of MTX (5 g/m2) and to compare them with toxicity during application of lower doses of MTX (2 g/m2).Retrospective record review of 77 children with medium risk ALL was done. Patients were treated in the Department of hematology and oncology at the University children's hospital in Skopje. Forty-five of them were treated with 5 g/m2 and 32 of them were treated with 2 g/m2 (historic group). Toxicity was registered according to the protocol for acute toxicity, part of the ALL BFM 95 protocol. Toxic effects were predominant in the group treated with higher doses of MTX. The most significant toxic effects were hepatotoxicity, oral mucositis and myelosuppression. More severe grade of hepatotoxicity and oral mucositis were present in the study group. In our study toxic effects were more common in the study group due to application of higher doses of MTX. Variations in toxicity between the patients of the study group are probably due to the genetic differences in the drug absorption, their excretion and cellular transport. Current studies are dedicated on discovering genetic markers which will be able to predict the risk of appearance of MTX toxicity
Евaлуaцијa нa поÑтоперaтивните резултaти кaј пaциенти Ñо функционaлнa и еÑтетÑкa ÑепториноплaÑтикa
Get PDFoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/244The objectives of the surgical technique septorhinoplasty are to remodel and redesign the nose, to remove the excessive bone and cartilaginous structures, and/or to correct the nasal insufficiencies in order to obtain a harmonious proportion of the nose in regards to the other facial structures. Furthermore, septorhinoplasty is one of the most frequently used aesthetic-surgical otorhinolaryngological procedures. The cartilaginous part of the nasal septum is an integral part of the isthmus’s region and has a significant role in the air’s circulation and turbulence. Due to this central role of the nasal septum, it is of crucial importance to undertake an adequate surgical technique since it is the key for a successful treatment both in the functional, and the esthetic rhinosurgery. The deformities of the nasal septum might be localized in the bone or in the cartilaginous structures, but most often, they are present in both of the structures. The cartilaginous deviations are the ones which are most responsible for the obstruction of the nasal respiratory flow. For that reason, they have been adequately classified. In this in-depth study, the aims have been: 1. To objectify the nasal air resistance (nasal obstruction) using rhinomanometry while selecting patients for septorhinoplasty. 2. To evaluate the frequency and the intensity of the nasal symptoms in patients that are about to undergo septo/rhinoplasty, before and after the intervention. 3. To classify the deviations of the nasal septum in regards to the septal structural and anatomical changes based on the CT of the nose and the paranasal sinuses and on the intrasurgical findings. 4. To determine an adequate psychological personality model while selecting patients for septo/rhinoplasty. Confirmed by clinically relevant data, the goal of this study has been to ensure its acceptance and implementation as a protocol for selecting patients for septo/rhinoplasty. The author points out that this is a prospective, as well as non-randomized study where a statistical analysis has been conducted on a total of 140 patients experiencing deviations of the nasal septum (deviatio septi nasi) separate from or along with the deformities of the nasal pyramid: rhinokyphosis, rhinoscoliosis, rhinolordosis (“saddle noseâ€), and “functional tension noseâ€. The examined patients were added on the list for surgical septo/rhinoplasty procedures performed at the ENT Clinic at University Hospital in Skopje, during the period of September, 2008 till September, 2013. The rhinomanometry examinations were performed at the Institute of Occupational Medicine in Skopje, while the psychological tests were carried out with the assistance of a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist at the Psychiatry Clinic at University Hospital in Skopje. The examined groups were divided according to the following parameters: a) According to the degree of nasal obstruction, the patients were divided into 3 groups: Group IA – patients with a severe degree of nasal obstruction (severe degree of nasal resistance). Group IB – patients with a moderate degree of nasal obstruction (moderate degree of nasal resistance). Group II – patients with a mild degree of nasal obstruction (mild degree of nasal resistance), clinically monitored for a year, and then agreed upon to undergo surgical intervention.In all patients candidates for septo/rhinoplasty, nasal symptoms such as: nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, nasal pain, headache, hyposmia, snoring, nasal voice, epistaxis and others were pre-surgically monitored. After the surgical intervention, a survey was conducted in order to find out how satisfied the patients were after the performed correction. The patients were offered with 5 scores, that is, 5 modalities: 1 – very satisfied, 2 – satisfied, 3 – undecided, 4 – dissatisfied and 5 – extremely dissatisfied. b) According to the type of surgical technique applied while performing the surgical intervention, the patients were divided into two groups:- group I – 1: in which septoplasty was performed; the group was constituted of patients with Dg. Deviatio septi nasi.- group I – 2: in which septorhinoplasty was performed: the group was constituted of patients who besides nasal septum deviation, also had some deformity of the nasal pyramid, such as: rhinokyphosis, rhinoscoliosis, rhinolordosis (“saddle noseâ€), and “functional tension noseâ€.These two groups were then divided into two subgroups: - subgroup I2-a: in which lateral and medial osteotomy was performed - subgroup I2-b: in which osteotomy was not performed. c) Psychological analysis was performed solely on patients candidates for septorhinoplasty who voluntarily accepted to fill in the questionnaire for selection of patients candidates for septorhinoplasty and assessment of their psychological predispositions. Based on a numerous world standardized tests and questionnaires that would be applicable to the patient candidate for intervention, a similar questionnaire, adapted to our region was devised, in which the following parameters were included: Selecting a patient for septo/rhinoplasty and assessing their psychological predispositions (Psychological testing – a questionnaire for self body image), Brief Symptom Inventory Test (BSI) with which an analysis was carried out on the acquired results of the questions posed to the patients candidates for septo/rhinoplasty. Through the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) test, which is a standard psychological test, the following psychological symptoms in patients were recognized: somatization, obsessive-compulsive reactions, interpersonal sensibility, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideas. There have also been patients who have not displayed any of these symptoms. The methods used throughout the examination are rhinomanometry, as a method for objectifying the nasal air resistance and computed tomography of the nasal and paranasal sinuses. The examined nasal symptoms were then recorded and grouped in the scale of subjective nasal symptoms.Intraoperatively, the structural deformities of the nasal septum were classified into six groups. The psychological tests for selecting patients for septorhinoplasty and assessing their psychological predispositions were carried out by means of specific questionnaires. Therefore, a surgical protocol was established, as well as surgical procedures and actions needed for septo/rhinoplasty. Throughout the examination, the PhD candidate had not strictly held close to one rigid course of action or another while performing esthetic or functional rhinosurgery. The surgical procedure performed at a particular case rather depended on the pathology of the septum. The statistical methods used for the analysis of the obtained results are also listed. Based on the results, the statistical processing, as well as through discussion, the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. Rhinomanometry is a method that objectively determines the degree of nasal obstruction. It is clinically a very important method because it provides a pre-surgical real objectification of the degree of nasal obstruction. In the study, the use of rhinomanometry was beneficial since it attained the clinical objective to distinguish and group the patients who were truly in need of septo/rhinoplasty and the patients that were supposed to be monitored and receive medicament treatments. Likewise, the study brought about evidence that there is indication for septoplasty in patients with mild degree of nasal resistance (mild deviation of the nasal septum which even though monitored for a year, without use of drugs/medicine or topical nasal steroids, was still present, therefore the need of septoplasty was unavoidable.In many patients that are in a need of both functional, and aestethetic-functional septorhinoplasty the open question is posed of whether there is a connection between the degree of nasal obstruction, the incidence and the intensity of the occurrence of nasal symptoms that are a result of the deviated nasal septum. Admittedly, it has been expected that most of these patients would suffer from asymmetrical nasal flow through the nostrils due to the deviation of the nasal septum and if the deviation of the nasal septum is more severe and the nasal resistance is greater, then the nasal symptoms are prominent which has led to one-sided or double sided hypertrophy of the nasal cavity. 2. The feeling of impaired breathing was described by the patients candidates for septo/rhinoplasty as a dominant symptom of nasal obstruction. The results from the research have demonstrated that pre-surgically, as well as during the check-ups in 3, 6 and 12 months, the patients who experienced mild nasal obstruction that had not posed a problem in their everyday life and sleep were the fewest. Listing headache as a predominant symptom in patients with nasal septal deviation and its constancy in the post-surgical period showed that the headache is also caused by certain subjective reasons most commonly of psychogenic nature, such as anxiety, restlessness and great expectations of the intervention. The rhinorrhea was drastically diminished as a result of the correction of the nasal septum that reduced the edema and the hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa, especially the changes in the nasal concha, which has led to the decrease of the exudation of the nasal secretion. The occurrence of epitaxis was detected along the nasal septal deviations in the front and front-back sections, but it was of no significance. Therefore, it was inferred that all other causes that might be of functional, inflammatory, subjective or other nature might bring about the occurrence of these symptoms. 3. The results showed the significant correlation between the anatomical (objective) and the psychological (subjective) causes that determined the frequency and the intensity of the occurrence of the nasal symptoms. An analysis was made on the classifications of the nasal septal deviations on Mladina, as well as on the classification based on the coronal transections of the nasal septum acquired by coronal and axial transections of the nasal septum obtained with computed tomography. Likewise, a comparison was made in regards to the correlation between the nasal deviation and the consequent changes in the middle nasal cavity by comparing the examinations with the ones performed by Baumann and associates in the study of classification of the nasal septal deviation. The systematic classification of the deviations of the nasal septum done in this study has a lot of advantages compared to the other previously mentioned classifications because the previously mentioned ones mostly encompassed the classifications in the region of the cartilaginous septum, without taking into account the role that the position of the nasal septum has in regards to the external configuration of the nose. The objective of this classification is to encompass all the pathological alterations of the nasal septum and to document them, in order to implement an adequate surgical technique. Other objectives of this classification are to make the systematic training of young rhino surgeons in septoplasty easier, as well as to make this occupation more interesting and more appealing.In the chapter on the Surgical Protocol during septo/rhinoplasty, the surgical procedures and actions while performing a surgical intervention of septo/rhinoplasty were determined and established.4. Through several surgical techniques, one modern approach to performing the surgical technique septoplasty was demonstrated. The ultimate objective of this surgical procedure was to indicate that not only a medial location of the nasal septum, but also a medial location of the space between the septum and the nasal cavities was of vital importance for a proper nasal respiration. The motto as well as the benefit of an adequately performed intervention in septal surgery and surgery of the nasal concha is: “Not the septum, nor the nasal concha, but the space between them is the point". 5. By testing the psychological profile of a patient’s personality, the idea was that the patient would come to a mature decision by being fully aware of the possible change that would take place and would change their life, not only physically, but spiritually as well. This would also be beneficial to the surgeon in making the right decision regarding the surgical course of the intervention; it would also be of great use in the post-surgical clarification of the objective expectations of the surgeon by the performed surgical procedure and the expectations of the patient.Last but not least, a maxim that sums up the importance of experience.Oперативната техника ÑепториноплаÑтика има за цел да го ремоделира и редизајнира ноÑот, да ги отÑтрани екцеÑивните коÑкени или ʼрÑкавични Ñтруктури, и/или Ñо неа да Ñе корегираат ноÑните инÑуфициенции, Ñо цел ноÑот да претÑтавува хармонична единица во Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° оÑтанатите лицеви Ñтруктури. Таа воедно претÑтавува една од најфреквентните еÑтетÑко - хируршки отоларинголошки процедури. Kартилагинозниот дел на назалниот Ñептум претÑтавува интегрален дел во регионот на иÑтмуÑот и има значајна улога во Ñтруењето и турбуленцијата на воздухот. Поради оваа централна улога на ноÑната преграда, многу е важна адекватноÑта на преземената оперативна техника како клуч за уÑпешен третман, како во функционалната така и во еÑтетÑката ринохирургија. Деформитетите на ноÑната преграда можат да бидат локализирани во коÑкениот или ʼрÑкавичниот дел, но најчеÑто Ñе комбинација од двете. ʼРÑкавичните девијации имаат најголем удел во нарушувањето на назалниот реÑпираторен проток. Затоа e направена нивна адекватна клаÑификација.Во оваа опÑежна Ñтудија главните цели беа:1. РиноманометраÑки, да Ñе објективизира назалната воздушна резиÑтенција (назална опÑтрукција) при Ñелекција на пациентите за ÑепториноплаÑтика.2. Да Ñе изврши евалуација на фреквенцијата и интензитетот на назалните Ñимптоми кај пациентите за ÑепториноплаÑтика пред и по интервенцијата.3. Да Ñе клаÑифицираат девијациите на ноÑната преграда во Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñепталните Ñтруктурно-анатомÑки промени врз база на КТ на Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¸ параназални ÑинуÑи и интраоперативниот наод.4. Да Ñе одреди адекватен пÑихолошки модел на личноÑÑ‚ при Ñелекција на пациентите за ÑепториноплаÑтика.Поддржана од клинички важни информации, целта на оваа Ñтудија, беше да биде прифатена како протокол при Ñелекција на пациентите за ÑепториноплаÑтика. Aвторот наведува дека оваа Ñтудија е проÑпективна нерандомизирана каде ÑтатиÑтички беа анализирани вкупно 140 пациенти Ñо девијација на ноÑната преграда (deviatio septi nasi) одделно или во Ñклоп Ñо деформитети на ноÑната пирамида: rhinokyphosis, rhinoscoliosis, rhinolordosis (ÑедлеÑÑ‚ ноÑ), „долг ноц(анг: functional tension nose). ИÑпитуваните пациенти беа Ñтавени на оперативна лиÑта за ÑепториноплаÑтика која беше доÑтавена до УниверзитетÑката клиника за уво, Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¸ грло – Клинички центар во Скопје, во периодот од Ñептември 2008 г., до Ñептември 2013 г. РиноманометриÑките иÑпитувања беа изведувани на ИнÑтитутот за Медицина на труд - Скопје, а пÑихолошките теÑтирања беа извршени Ñо помош на клинички пÑихолог и пÑихијатар на Клиниката за пÑихијатрија.ИÑпитуваните групи беа поделени Ñпоред Ñледниве параметри:a) Според Ñтепенот на назална опÑтрукција, пациентите беа поделени во 3 групи:Група IA – иÑпитаници кои имаа тежок Ñтепен на назална опÑтрукција (тежок Ñтепен на назална резиÑтенција).Група IБ – иÑпитаници кои имаа Ñреден Ñтепен на назална опÑтрукција (Ñреден Ñтепен на назална резиÑтенција).Група II– иÑпитаници кои имаа леÑен Ñтепен на назална опÑтрукција (леÑен Ñтепен на назална резиÑтенција), а кои беа опÑервирани клинички една година, а потоа Ñе донеÑе одлука за оперативна интервенција.Кај Ñите пациенти-кандидати за ÑепториноплаÑтика, предоперативно беа Ñледени назалните Ñимптоми: назална опÑтрукција, ринореа, назална болка, главоболка, хипоÑмија, ʼрчење, назален говор, епиÑтакÑа и оÑтанато, и беа евидентирани на Ñкалата на назални Ñимптоми.По извршената оперативна интервенција, иÑпитаниците беа анкетирани колку Ñе задоволни од извршената корекција, при што им беа понудени 5 Ñкорови, одноÑно модалитети: 1-многу задоволни, 2-задоволни, 3-неодредени, 4-незадоволни и 5- екÑтремно незадоволни.б) Според видот на оперативната техника, при изведба на оперативната интервенција, пациентите беа поделени во две групи: - група I -1: каде Ñе изведе Ñамо ÑептоплаÑтика; тоа беа пациенти Ñо Dg: Deviatio septi nasi.- група I-2: каде Ñе изведе ÑепториноплаÑтика: тоа беа пациенти кои оÑвен девијација на ноÑната преграда имаа и деформитет на ноÑната пирамида од типот на: rhinokyphosis, rhinoscoliosis, rhinolordosis (ÑедлеÑÑ‚ ноÑ) „долг ноц(анг: functional tension nose).Од двете групи, пациентите беа поделени во две подгрупи:- подгрупа I2-а: во која Ñе изведе лателарна и медијална оÑтеотомија;- подгрупа I2-б: во која не Ñе изведе оÑтеотомија.в) ПÑихолошка анализа Ñе направи Ñамо на пациентите-кандидати за ÑепториноплаÑтика кои доброволно прифатија да го пополнат прашалникот за Ñелекција на пациентите-кандидати за ÑепториноплаÑтика и нивните пÑихолошки ÑклоноÑти. Врз база на повеќе ÑветÑки Ñтандардни теÑтови и прашалници кои би ги пополнил пациентот-кандидат за интервенција, Ñе формира Ñличен прашалник, Ñе разбира адаптиран за нашето поднебје во кој влегоа Ñледните параметри:- Селекција на пациентот за ÑепториноплаÑтика и неговите пÑихолошки ÑклоноÑти (ПÑихолошко теÑтирање-прашалник за self body image), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) теÑÑ‚, Ñо кој беа анализирани добиените резултати добиени од прашањата поÑтавувани на пациентите кандидати за ÑепториноплаÑтика. Преку Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) теÑтот, кој претÑтавува еден Ñтандарден пÑихолошки теÑÑ‚ беа Ñледени Ñледните пÑихолошки Ñимптоми кај пациентот: Ñоматизација, опÑеÑивно-компулÑивни реакции, интÐ
IMPLEMENTASI PASAL 15 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 10 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KEPARIWISATAAN (Studi di Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Bangkalan)
No full textRandy Hudan Larindo, Lutfi Effendi, S.H., M.Hum., Amelia Ayu Paramitha, S.H., M.H., Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Email : [email protected]  ABSTRAK Penelitian skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetаhui proses аtаu tаhаpаn pelаksаnааn perizinаn usаhа pаriwisаtа di Kаbupаten Bаngkаlаn serta untuk mengetаhui fаktor аpа sаjа yаng menghаmbаt proses perizinаn usаhа pаriwisаtа di Kаbupаten Bаngkаlаn. Jenis penelitiаn yаng digunаkаn penulis dаlаm penyusunаn penelitiаn ini аdаlаh jenis penelitiаn yuridis empiris, dengаn melаkukаn penelitiаn secаrа lаngsung ke lokаsi penelitiаn untuk melihаt secаrа lаngsung penerаpаn perundаng-undаngаn. Dari hasil penelitian skripsi ini dapat penulis simpulkan bahwa Implementаsi Pаsаl 15 Ðyаt (1) Undаng-Undаng Nomor 10 Tаhun 2009 tentаng Kepаriwisаtааn di Kаbupаten Bаngkаlаn sаngаt аmаt buruk. Terbukti dаri 20 obyek destinаsi tempаt wisаtа Kаbupаten Bаngkаlаn hаnyа аdа 3 yаng sudаh tercаtаt dаn memiliki izin usаhа. Jumlаh ini relаtif sаngаt kecil dаn memprihаtinkаn. Kendаlа yаng dihаdаpi oleh DPMPTSP sertа Dinаs Kebudаyааn dаn Pаriwisаtа Kаbupаten Bаngkаlаn dаlаm Implementаsi Pаsаl 15 Ðyаt (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tаhun 2009 yаitu: a) Rendаhnyа pаrtisipаsi pemilik Usаhа Pаriwisаtа untuk mendаftаrkаn Usаhа Pаriwisаtа, sertа dan b) Ketidаktаhuаn pemilik Usаhа Pаriwisаtа tentаng sistem Online Single Submission (OSS). Solusi terhаdаp kendаlа tersebut adalah dengan melakukan upаyа preventif berupa mengаdаkаn penyuluhаn, memperbаnyаk kegiаtаn sosiаlisаsi perаturаn, serta upаyа represif berupa menegаkkаn pemberlаkuаn Pаsаl 67 аyаt 1 Perаturаn Dаerаh Kаbupten Bаngkаlаn Nomor 7 Tаhun 2017 tentаng Penyelenggаrааn Pаriwisаtа. Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Perizinаn, Kepariwisataan, Usаhа Pаriwisаtа.  ABSTRACT The research of this thesis is aimed to understand the process or stages of the implementation of tourism business permit in Bangkalan Regency, then to understand the obstacle factors that hamper tourism business permit process in Bangkalan Regency. The type of research used by the author is an empirical legal research, by carrying out research in the area of research to observe directly the implementation of the Regulation. From the results of this research, the author concluded that the implementation of Article 15 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism in Bangkalan Regency was very bad. It could be proven from 20 objects of tourism destination in Bangkalan Regency, only 3 objects have been recorded and have business permit. Some obstacles faced by DPMPTSP and Department of Culture and Tourism of Bangkalan Regency in order to implement Article 15 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 10 of 2009, namely: a) lack of participation from business owner to register his/her tourism object; and b) lack of knowledge from business owner related to Online Single Submission (OSS) system. Solutions to overcome those obstacles namely doing preventive actions, such as conducting socialization, giving explanation concerning regulations as well as repressive actions, including enacting the implementation of Article 67 Paragraph (1) of Local Regulation of Bangkalan Regency Number 7 Year 2017 concerning Management of Tourism. Keywords: Implementation, permit, tourism, business tourism
New refinement of the Jensen inequality associated to certain functions with applications
No full textThis article proposes a new refinement of the celebrated Jensen inequality. Some refinements have been obtained for quasi-arithmetic means, Hölder and Hermite–Hadamard inequalities. Several applications are given in information theory. A more general refinement of Jensen inequality is presented associated to n functions. © 2020, The Author(s)
About the sharpness of the Jensen inequality
No full textThe main aim of this paper is to give an improvement of the recent result on the sharpness of the Jensen inequality. The results given here are obtained using different Green functions and considering the case of the real Stieltjes measure, not necessarily positive. Finally, some applications involving various types of f-divergences and Zipf–Mandelbrot law are presented. © 2018, The Author(s)
On Shannon and Zipf–Mandelbrot entropies and related results
No full textIn this paper, we present some interesting results related to the bounds of the Shannon and the Zipf–Mandelbrot entropies. Further, we define linear functionals and present their properties. We also construct new family of exponentially convex functions and Cauchy-type means. © 2019, The Author(s)
Zipf–Mandelbrot law, f-divergences and the Jensen-type interpolating inequalities
No full textMotivated by the method of interpolating inequalities that makes use of the improved Jensen-type inequalities, in this paper we integrate this approach with the well known Zipf–Mandelbrot law applied to various types of f-divergences and distances, such are Kullback–Leibler divergence, Hellinger distance, Bhattacharyya distance (via coefficient), χ2-divergence, total variation distance and triangular discrimination. Addressing these applications, we firstly deduce general results of the type for the Csiszár divergence functional from which the listed divergences originate. When presenting the analyzed inequalities for the Zipf–Mandelbrot law, we accentuate its special form, the Zipf law with its specific role in linguistics. We introduce this aspect through the Zipfian word distribution associated to the English and Russian languages, using the obtained bounds for the Kullback–Leibler divergence. © 2018, The Author(s)
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KREDIT ANGSURAN SISTEM FIDUSIA (KREASI) DI PT. PEGADAIAN CABANG JATIWANGI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
No full textThis research was conducted and aimed to describe Installment Credit Policy ImplementationFiduciary System (CREATION) at PT. Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka. Thebackground of this research are the author examines terarik Credit Installment FiduciarySystem (CREATION) at PT. Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka. The study wasconducted to determine the extent of Installment Credit Policy Implementation FiduciarySystem (CREATION) at PT. Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka, knowing the factorsthat affect the implementation of the Credit Installment Fiduciary System (CREATION) atPT. Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka also to know the obstacles encountered in theimplementation of Installment Credit Policy Fiduciary System (CREATION) at PT.Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka, and efforts were made to overcome these barriers.The research method used is descriptive qualitative method approach, the study took place atPT. Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka. While the informants in this study is the HeadPT. Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka, executive power paul PT. Pawnshop BranchJatiwangi Majalengka and customer PT. Pawnshop Branch Jatiwangi Majalengka. Datacollection techniques used are literature studies, observation and in-depth interviews. Analysisof data is done through data reduction, data display, and verification and conclusion. Whiletesting the validity of the data dikukan using triangulation techniques. The PolicyImplementation theory used is Edward ІІІ theory, namely: 1. Communication, 2. Sources, 3.Disposition, 4. Bureaucratic structur
Zipf–Mandelbrot law, f-divergences and the Jensen-type interpolating inequalities
No full textMotivated by the method of interpolating inequalities that makes use of the improved Jensen-type inequalities, in this paper we integrate this approach with the well known Zipf–Mandelbrot law applied to various types of f-divergences and distances, such are Kullback–Leibler divergence, Hellinger distance, Bhattacharyya distance (via coefficient), χ2-divergence, total variation distance and triangular discrimination. Addressing these applications, we firstly deduce general results of the type for the Csiszár divergence functional from which the listed divergences originate. When presenting the analyzed inequalities for the Zipf–Mandelbrot law, we accentuate its special form, the Zipf law with its specific role in linguistics. We introduce this aspect through the Zipfian word distribution associated to the English and Russian languages, using the obtained bounds for the Kullback–Leibler divergence. © 2018, The Author(s)
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