23 research outputs found
Into the soil: Investigating the current system of the Frisian dairy cow, to find a new perspective on the current complexity and inspire towards a sustainable future
No full textIn 2021, a group of angry farmers drove their tractors to the ‘Malieveld’ (‘Main square’) in The Hague, to protest the new nitrogen regulations. They felt angry because the politicians were not listening. When reading this news and following the politics around the farmers, a present call for sustainable change within agriculture could be heard. However, the changes which are currently spoken about, such as reduction of nitrogen or the number of dairy cattle, seems to be a black-and-white approach to frame the problem and does not represent a real or focused long-term plan. Therefore, the aim of this project is to investigate the current system surrounding the dairy cow to find a new perspective on the complexity of the problem, and to create a fitting intervention which should bring about change towards a sustainable agriculture. This project will zoom in on specifically the Frisian dairy agriculture, exploring this context on a systemic level, and investigate using the ‘Transition Design’ method.To gain insights in the complex system around the Frisian dairy cow, various stakeholders were identified. Some of these stakeholders, such as farmers or experts on nature or soil, were interviewed, while other stakeholders’ perspectives were investigated through in-depth research. During the project, a new perspective arised. It can be concluded that the whole system surrounding the Frisian dairy cow is one large interwoven network. With at the centre not the dairy cow, but the one stakeholder which is directly connected to the entire system as every stakeholder depends on this: the soil. Without a healthy soil, which supplies raw materials, the entire identified system will not exist. Within our currently built agricultural system the discovered problem is that the soil will be depleted over the coming years and biodiversity will be expelled. Within this current system profits are not fairly distributed. The present system is mainly focused on yielding high profits by the banks, the food industry, and supermarkets. Based on the research, a desired future vision was created which helped to map out the pathway of transition. To accelerate the transition of the current system of the dairy cow towards the desired future, an intervention was designed. This intervention was focused on helping young professionals to develop a level of self-reflection with which they can link their behaviour towards buying certain dairy products to the invisible exiting consequences of the Dutch soil degradation.Through a diverse set of testing rounds with different iterated prototypes, the intervention was tested among the target group. This showed that through the designed intervention, a new awareness was created regarding the present state of our food or dairy system. In conclusion, it showed that the intervention increased the level of self-reflection in the habits of consumers towards buying and consuming food with all the connected consequences.This project however has some limitations, the research had some time constraints and was conducted by only one individual. Therefore, when analysing, concluding and interpreting the data, the outcome, the new vision surrounding the Dutch dairy cow and the designed intervention could be received as subjective. Additionally due to the short time period of the research, not every stakeholder could represent them-self. If the research was to be reproduced, all the stakeholders of the system should represent themselves, to create an equal and complete view on the current system.Moreover, if the project was to be reproduced it should be continued by a larger team of diverse (design) researchers to create a more objective data analysis outcome.https://totindebodem.nl/ Website_Totindebodem_DesignConceptDesign for Interactio
Conhecer o outro: uma análise crítica do conceito de diagnóstico psicológico a partir do behaviorismo radical de B.F. Skinner
No full textO behaviorismo radical é uma filosofia composta por concepções sobre o objeto e
método da psicologia que reflete de forma crítica acerca de práticas tradicionais desta
ciência. Um dos temas que poderia ser analisado no interior de suas formulações é o
diagnóstico psicológico, uma atividade identificada com a função do psicólogo desde a
emergência da psicologia como ciência aplicada. Dada a escassez de referências ao
termo "diagnóstico psicológico" e seus correlatos, definiu-se como objetivo o exame da
posição de Skinner sobre algumas das atividades e instrumentos que possam participar
da tarefa de conhecer o comportamento no contexto clínico. Trechos extraídos de textos
selecionados do autor foram categorizados de modo a se sistematizar e analisar suas
afirmações no que concerne às atividades de descrever, explicar e classificar e ao auto-relato
e aos testes psicológicos. Em meio às particularidades relativas à discussão de
cada qual, a necessidade de analisar funcionalmente as relações sujeito-ambiente e o
vínculo entre conhecimento e manipulação são discutidos como marcas do modo a
conhecer o outro que possa engendrar uma psicologia behaviorista radical afinada com
as elaborações de SkinnerRadical Behaviorism is a philosophy formed by conceptions about Psychology's subject
matter and method that discusses its traditional practices in a critical manner. One of the
topics that could be analyzed within its formulations is the psychological diagnosis, an
activity that has been associated with the role of the psychologist since the emergence of
Psychology as an applied science. In Skinner's work there are very few references to the
term "psychological diagnosis" (or related terms). Therefore, the present research aimed
at examining Skinner' s position about some of the activities and tools involved with the
task of knowing behavior in the clinical context. Passages extracted from selected texts
by this author were categorized in order to systematize and to analyze Skinner's
statements concerning the activities of describing, explaining and classifying as well as
statements about self report and psychological tests. In the midst of particularities
inherent to the discussion of each of these points, the need to functionally analyze the
subject-environment relation, and the bond between knowledge and manipulation are
discussed as hallmarks of the knowledge of others that might engender a radical
behaviorist psychology coherent with Skinner's proposalsCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
What being a behavior therapist is, according to B. F. Skinner
No full textPara responder à questão o que é terapia comportamental para B. F. Skinner, capítulos de três de seus livros são analisados: Ciência e comportamento humano (1953), Contingências do reforço: uma análise teórica (1984) e Questões recentes na análise do comportamento (1991). Leitura e releitura dos capítulos levaram à montagem de quadros nos quais se destacam prescrições do autor a propósito da atuação em terapia comportamental, agrupados, ao final, em três temas principais: ambiente, controle e terapia de cuja análise foi possível extrair possíveis tarefas atribuídas ao terapeuta comportamental, do ponto de vista skinnerianoTo answer to the question: what is behavior therapy for B.F. Skinner, chapters of three of his books are analysed: Science and Human Bbehavior (1953), Reforce contingencies: a theoretical analysis (1984) and Recent Issues in the Analysis of Behavior (1991). The reading and re-reading of these chapters took to the building of squares on which is highlightened the author´s prescriptions regarding the action on behavior therapy, grouped, at least, on three main subjects: environment, control and therapy, from this analysis was extracted possible activities attibuted to behavior therapy,from skinneriano point of vie
Strategy for strengthening the communication competence of culinary entrepreneurs in Madura Island
Get PDFThe high potential of culinary diversity lies in four districts on Madura Island, namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep with various flavors and tastes that are unique to each district. Lack of competent communication between the four districts has an impact on the lack of increasing potential for gastronomic tourism on Madura Island. This research aims to analyze strategies for strengthening the competencies of culinary entrepreneurs in Madura Island to create business sustainability. Considering the significant potential of the culinary sector in this region, the study identifies challenges faced by culinary entrepreneurs, such as access to raw materials, marketing, and skill development.Through qualitative research methods, data was collected through interviews with culinary entrepreneurs and Madurese cultural figures, while also supported by quantitative data obtained from culinary entrepreneurs.. The findings indicate that competency strengthening can be achieved through cooking skills training, digital marketing, and financial management. Additionally, collaboration with educational institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can enhance the capacity of entrepreneurs. The study recommends the development of ongoing support programs and effective marketing strategies to improve the competitiveness of Madura's culinary entrepreneurs. With the implementation of these strategies, it is hoped that culinary businesses in Madura Island can adapt and thrive in a competitive business environment
Carl Rogers na educação de ensino médio
Get PDFO presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como proposta, discutir a aplicabilidade da abordagem humanista de Carl Rogers na educação de ensino médio. O ponto de partida foi uma entrevista realizada com alunos de ensino médio de uma escola particular na cidade de São Paulo. A metodologia empregada foi a etnopesquisa, uma vez que o pesquisador e seu objeto estão imbricados; primeiramente foram descritas, as informações sobre a escola em que foi realizada a pesquisa, bem como as características da turma entrevistada. Posteriormente, foi apresentado um estudo sobre a abordagem humanista de Carl Rogers, mostrando sua abordagem como um contraponto ao Behaviorismo de B.F. Skinner, que também ganhava força na década de 1970. A experiência descrita nessa pesquisa buscou vivenciar um modelo que gerou alteridade ao atual modelo de educação do ensino médio seguido pela escola, de focar a aprendizagem nas provas de vestibular, que não promove a aprendizagem significativa, isto é, uma aprendizagem que provoque mudanças de pensamento e comportamentos nos alunos. A análise da entrevista mostrou que os alunos, apesar de não conhecerem a teoria de Carl Rogers e sua abordagem, estão em busca de uma educação bastante próxima à sugerida pelo autor. A partir da abordagem de Rogers, e das experiências durante as aulas de Sociologia e Filosofia, foi constatado que é possível ter uma escola mais reflexiva, centrada no aluno, em que este passe por um processo de autodescoberta para que então possa significar sua aprendizagem, tendo o professor como um facilitador deste processo.The present research proposes, from an interview conducted with high school students in a regular school, and a literature search on the humanistic approach of Carl Rogers, to discuss the applicability of the author’s theories in high school education. It is introduced, first, the information about the school in which the survey was conducted, as well as the characteristics of the interviewed group. Also, it is presented the “etnopesquisa”, methodology chosen for this work. Hereafter, I perform a study of the humanistic approach of Carl Rogers for Psychology and Education, showing his approach as a counterpoint to B.F. Skinner behaviorism, which also gained strength in the 1970s. Thus, pointing out that the current education model followed by the school, to focus the schooling on examinations for entering college, is not promoting meaningful learning, that is, learning that motivates changes in thinking and behavior in students. The interview analysis shows that students, despite not knowing Carl Rogers and his approach, are looking for an education fairly close to that suggested by the author. From the Rogers approach, it is suggested a more reflective school, centered on the student, where he or she will pass through a self-discovery process and therefor, a meaningful learning experience, having the teacher as a facilitator of this process.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
Should Organizational Behavior Management Expand Its Content? A Third Perspective on E. Scott Geller's Article
No full textWe read with great interest the debate in JOBM (Volume 22, Number 2, 2002) concerning the marketing of OBM and possible paradigm shifts. For readers who have not read this issue of JOBM, Geller argued that OBM should begin to include relevant concepts from cognitive, social, and personality psychology (2002). The I/O psychology contributors supported Geller's recommendations. Over the past several years, the first author has become increasingly alarmed at the devolution of OBM thinking back to person-centered, mentalistic explanations of human behavior. Geller and other contributors argued that this reversion is needed to better market OBM to business organizations. We are sure this logic was also used as a counter by the 'flat earth society' in another era. Instead of 'going under the skin' again, a promising alternative is to expand our OBM concepts in the broader direction of a systems perspective. Rather than ally OBM with cognitive, social and personality psychology, we should be looking at disciplines such as systems theory, economics, and ecology. As the Gestalt psychologists instructed us, the organization is more than the sum of its parts. That is, the organization cannot be understood by simply adding up the specific behaviors and predispositions of individual employees. Though there are differences in emphasis, several notable OBM practitioners have advocated the behavior systems perspective including Tom Gilbert, Geary Rummler, Dwight Harshbarger, Maria Malott, and Dale Brethower. Furthermore, these practitioners have found an audience for the approach without reintroducing mentalism. It is our belief that OBM suffers from 'rataphilia' in the same way that personality psychology suffers from 'Freudaphilia". The 'Skinner box' has seduced us into thinking that real life is about one 'operandum' and one organism. Just as the physicist has difficultly predicting where a leaf will fall in a windstorm, so does the OBM practitioner find it difficult to apply his or her ABC model in the windstorm of contingencies that constitute an organization. This difficulty does not mean that the principles of the physicist or behavior analyst are wrong; it simply demonstrates the multiplicity of contingencies operating outside of the laboratory and their complex interactions At a past ABA conference, the first author was asked to sit on a panel chaired by my associate, Mark Rushing. Mark was arguing that our field should be called OCM (organizational contingency management) rather than OBM. During the first author's part of the panel discussion he asked the question, "When is the best time to implement OBM? Before a company hires any employees, or after the employee group is in place?" A well-known OBM practitioner responded that OBM could not be applied until employees were present. Mark and the first author argued it would be more efficient to engineer optimal organizational contingencies before anyone showed up for work. This difference of opinions, in my view, highlights distinctions between traditional OBM and the behavior systems view. We would like to reiterate that we do not think a systems approach to organizational change in inconsistent with behavior analysis traditionally conceived. In fact, one of the greatest influences on my conversion from the 'single-subject' perspective to the systems perspective was none other than B.F. Skinner. In Walden Two, he described a community in which the contingencies controlling the members' behavior were explicitly engineered. The notion that a system might be designed in which desire
Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
Get PDFObesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and similar to 2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 x 10(-8)), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation
Bibianna Moraczewska’s Portrait – an Unknown Writer
Get PDFNiniejszy artykuł kontynuuje autorski projekt „kobiecego «bycia-w-świecie»”. Powstałe już prace to m.in.: B. Walęciuk-Dejneka, Nowa „ja”. Autorskie stwarzanie siebie na podstawie „Pamiętników” Zofii Tołstojowej (wybór) [w:] Tożsamość kobiet: silne indywidualności w sztuce, literaturze i religii, red. J. Posłuszna, B. Walęciuk-Dejneka, Kraków 2014, s. 49–56; Eadem, Kobieca koncepcja „bycia-w-świecie”: „ja” w rodzinie. Z „Pamiętników” Zofii Tołstojowej, „Prace Literaturoznawcze” 2015, nr 3, s. 197–208; Eadem, Kobiece doświadczanie drogi: „ja” w podróży. Rozważania na podstawie „Wspomnień” Anny Dostojewskiej, „Prace Literaturoznawcze” 2016, nr 4, s. 99–113; Eadem, W cieniu. Zofii Tołstojowej (1844–1919) i Anny Dostojewskiej (1846–1918) skrywane pisarstwo, „Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej” [online] 2016, t. XVI, s. 111–121, [Dostęp: 28.12.2017]. Dostępny w World Wide Web: . Zob. także Eadem, Samodzielna, odważna, nowoczesna: historia Marii Morzyckiej-Obuchowskiej w świetle wybranych fragmentów jej „Pamiętników”, „Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych” [online] 2017, nr 2 (3), s. 9–22, [Dostęp: 28.12.2017]. Dostępny w World Wide Web: . Heideggerowska koncepcja „bycia-w-świecie”, głęboko zakorzeniona w refleksji humanistycznej, traktowana jest tu jako metaforyczna, nie zaś jako koncepcja badawcza oparta na fundamentalnej teorii filozofa, konstytuująca nierozerwalną jedność bycia i świata w różnorodnych aspektach.Artykuł jest próbą literaturoznawczego spojrzenia na twórczość literacką Bibianny Moraczewskiej, działaczki politycznej i społecznej, która także próbowała swoich sił na polu artystycznym. Jej utwory to bardziej próby, opowiastki o tematyce patriotyczno-religijnej z wątkiem miłosnym, przynależące do grupy tekstów popularnych adresowanych do wszystkich zainteresowanych problematyką kobiecą i losami ojczyzny. Ich nieskomplikowane schematy kompozycyjne (fabularne) nie wymagały bowiem wnikliwych zabiegów interpretacyjnych odsłaniających ukryte sensy. Autorka znała prawdę i chciała ją przekazać czytelnikowi, zamierzała się nią podzielić. Pokazywała bohaterów narodowych i silne, samodzielne i zaradne kobiety.The article attempts to take a literary view on works of Bibianna Moraczewska, a political and social activist who was also active in the field of art. Her works are patriotic and religious with a love theme and belong to a collection of popular texts dedicated to anybody interested in women’s issues and the fate of the motherland. The uncomplicated compositional patterns of these works did not require in-depth interpretive measures, revealing hidden meanings. The author knew the truth and wanted to pass it on to the reader. She showed national heroes and strong, independent and resourceful [email protected] Walęciuk-Dejneka – dr hab. prof. nzw., literaturoznawca i folklorysta, pracownik naukowo-dydaktyczny w Zakładzie Literatury Polskiej w Instytucie Filologii Polskiej i Logopedii Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach.Od roku akademickiego 2016/2017 pełni funkcję dyrektora tego Instytutu. Jest również lektorem języka polskiego jako obcego oraz koordynatorem i kierownikiem Letnich Kursów Języka i Kultury Polskiej Narodowej Agencji Wymiany Akademickiej dla cudzoziemców, a także kursów języka polskiego i kultury polskiej dla Polonii i Polaków za Granicą (projekty konkursowe Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych). Od 2018 r. jest ekspertem (też egzaminatorem) w programach dla studentów NAWA. Ukończyła stacjonarne studia magisterskie i doktoranckie na UMCS w Lublinie. W 2016 r. uzyskała habilitację na Wydziale Filologicznym UMK w Toruniu. Ukończyła również studia podyplomowe Collegium Civitas i Instytutu Sztuki PAN w Warszawie w ramach ścieżki „Historia sztuki. Perspektywa społeczna i polityczna”. Jest autorką trzech monografii oraz wielu artykułów naukowych wydawanych w Polsce i za granicą, także w językach angielskim i rosyjskim. Publikuje również tomy (w tym serie dotyczące problematyki kobiecej) pod swoją redakcją. Przynależy do licznych organizacji i stowarzyszeń: IOV (Międzynarodowej Organizacji Sztuki Ludowej, Sekcja Polska), Polskiego Towarzystwa Ludoznawczego, oddział w Warszawie, Towarzystwa Literackiego im. Adama Mickiewicza w Warszawie, Komisji Historii Kobiet w Warszawie, Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych w Białymstoku. Zainteresowania naukowe i pozanaukowe stanowią m.in.: związki literatury i folkloru; literatura polska XIX i pocz. XX w.; kultura ludowa polska i słowiańska; tematyka kobieca w literaturze, szczególnie wiek XIX i XX; a ostatnio związki literatury i prawa. Interesuje się ponadto malarstwem, muzyką klasyczną i ludową, jazzem, modą, także pszczelarstwem. Lubi mocną czarną kawę i koty. Mieszka w Warszawie.Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w SiedlcachB.F., Chwila widzenia, „Dziennik Domowy” Poznań: wydawany przez N. Kamieńskiego, 1847, nr 5, s. 34–36.B.F., Dwa obrazki z życia tułacza, „Dziennik Domowy” Poznań: wydawany przez N. Kamieńskiego, 1846, nr 5, s. 34–36; nr 6, s. 42–45.B.F., Dwa pogrzeby, „Dziennik Domowy” Poznań: wydawany przez N. Kamieńskiego, 1840, nr 39, s. 297–308; nr 40, s. 313–316.B.F., Kilka wypadków z młodości jenerała Madalińskiego, „Dziennik Domowy” Poznań: wydawany przez N. Kamieńskiego, 1841, nr 5, s. 37–40; nr 6, s. 45–48.B.F., Ojciec Cyryl profesem, „Dziennik Domowy” Poznań: wydawany przez N. Kamieńskiego, 1843, nr 6, s. 42–45; nr 7, s. 50–53; nr 8, s. 58–61; nr 9, s. 66–69; nr 10, s. 74–77; nr 11, s. 81–86; nr 12, s. 89–94).B.F., Stanisław Strawiński. Konfederat Barski, „Dziennik Domowy” Poznań: wydawany przez N. Kamieńskiego, 1844, nr 8, s. 58–61; nr 9, s. 66–68; nr 10, s. 74–77; nr 11, s. 82–85; nr 12, s. 90–93.B.F., Taka była wola Boża, „Dziennik Domowy” Poznań: wydawany przez N. Kamieńskiego, 1840, nr 19, s. 145–148; nr 20, s. 153–156.Dziennik Bibianny Moraczewskiej, wydany z oryginału przez wnuczkę dr Dobrzyńską-Rybicką, Poznań: Fr. Chocieszyński, 1911.Listy Narcyzy Żmichowskiej do rodziny i przyjaciół: opatrzone wstępem, t. 1–2, Kraków : G. Gebethner, 1885.Moraczewska Bibianna, Dwóch rodzonych braci: powieść, cz. I–II, Poznań : Nakładem i Czcionkami N. Kamieńskiego i spółki, 1859.Żmichowska Narcyza, Wybór powieści: Poganka, Książka pamiątek, Warszawa : PIW, 1953.Czermińska Małgorzata, O autobiografii i autobiograficzności [w:] Autobiografia, red. Małgorzata Czermińska, Gdańsk : Słowo/Obraz/Terytoria, 2009, s. 5–17.Czerska Tatiana, Między autobiografią a opowieścią rodzinną. Kobiece narracje osobiste w Polsce po 1944 roku w perspektywie historyczno-kulturowej, Szczecin : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, 2011, ISBN 9788372418463.Gautier Brigitte, Zaklęcia czarodziejki Vivien, czyli o autobiografii kobiecej [w:] Krytyka feministyczna. Siostra teorii i historii literatury, red. Grażyna Borkowska, Lilianna Sikorska, Warszawa : IBL, 2000, s. 152–158.Hahn Wiktor, Bibjanna Moraczewska w świetle swego dziennika, „Gazeta Lwowska” 1921, nr 113, nr 114.Kraskowska Ewa, O tak zwanej „kobiecości” jako konwencji literackiej [w:] Krytyka feministyczna. Siostra teorii i historii literatury, red. Grażyna Borkowska, Lilianna Sikorska, Warszawa : IBL, 2000, s. 200–212.Krzywobłocka Bożena, Wielkopolskie damy, Poznań : Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1986, ISBN 8303014978.Mikulski Tadeusz, „Poczciwe Niemczysko” [w:] Tadeusz Mikulski, Spotkania wrocławskie, Kraków : Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1954.Mrozik Agnieszka, Akuszerki transformacji. Kobiety, literatura i władza w Polsce po 1989 roku, Warszawa : Stowarzyszenie Pro Cultura Litteraria, IBL, 2012, ISBN 978-83-61757-32-0.Nowicka Elżbieta, Bibianna Moraczewska. Portret (niepełny) poznańskiej konspiratorki, „Kronika Miasta Poznania: miesięcznik poświęcony sprawom kulturalnym stol. m. Poznania” 2008, nr 1, s. 231–239, ISSN 0137-3552.Pekaniec Anna, Czy w tej autobiografii jest kobieta? Kobieca literatura dokumentu osobistego od początku XIX wieku do wybuchu II wojny światowej, Kraków : Księgarnia Akademicka, 2013, ISBN 9788376381817.Pekaniec Anna, Nie tylko dzienniki. Oryginalne warianty kobiecej literatury dokumentu osobistego (na wybranych przykładach), „Ruch Literacki” 2012, nr 4/5, s. 451–463, ISSN 0035-9602.Pańczykówna Halina, Ważne chwile Gabryelli [w:] Literackie przystanki nad Wartą, red. Zygmunt Szweykowski, Poznań : Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, 1962, s. 209–230.Perrot Michelle, Moja historia kobiet, tłum. 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Cálculo de tensiones en uniones soldadas de perfil asimétrico sometidas a flexión transversal
Get PDFShigley, one of the most prestigious authors of Design of Elements of Machines, who from the year 1964 until the date has published several textbooks [112-115], on having tackled the Topic of the Welded Unions, expresses: "One of the difficulties that it confronts the engineer in the design, on having worked with welded unions, is that one has not dedicated to this matter the same rigorous study as to other processes, materials and mechanical elements. It is not known why; but perhaps be because the geometric characteristics do not lend to an easy mathematical treatment. Certainly this means that there has interfered an additional element of suspense, which must be compensated by means of the use of safety factors of major magnitude in the design”. Of this Shigley exposition and since result of a deep analysis of the bibliography related to the calculation of the tensions in the welded unions can steady itself that the expressions of calculation of the tensions in the welded unions are capable to the improving. In Hernán's works [54-58] this type of Union is qualified like the Dogsbody of the Elements of Machines and he stands out as up to this moment, no author had tackled, for example, the calculation of the local tensions that appear in the apex of the gullet in the ends of the drawstring for the case of the unions to solape with seams of longitudinal filet, these points in which the proper authors admit that the tensions, given the phenomena of not uniform distribution of the tensions along the length of the drawstring and of the tension concentration in the thickness of the gullet, can become up to nine times or more average tensions; nevertheless there is used for 100 years a method based on the calculation of the average tensions on the section of the gullet, method is adapted for calculations of resistance of the drawstrings in conditions of static charges, but absolutely insufficiently to evaluate the resistance in conditions of cyclical charges.Shigley, uno de los más prestigiosos autores de Diseño de Elementos de Máquinas, el cual desde el año 1964 hasta la fecha ha publicado varios libros de texto [112-115], al abordar el Tema de las Uniones Soldadas expresa: “Una de las dificultades que afronta el ingeniero en el diseño al trabajar con uniones soldadas es que a esta materia no se le ha dedicado el mismo estudio riguroso que a otros procesos, materiales y elementos mecánicos. No se sabe por qué; pero quizás sea porque las características geométricas no se prestan a un fácil tratamiento matemático. Desde luego esto significa que se ha introducido un elemento adicional de incertidumbre, lo cual debe compensarse mediante el uso de factores de seguridad de mayor magnitud en el diseño”. De este planteamiento de Shigley y como resultado de un profundo análisis de la bibliografía relacionada con el cálculo de las tensiones en las uniones soldadas se puede afirmar que las expresiones de cálculo de las tensiones en las uniones soldadas son susceptibles al perfeccionamiento. En los trabajos de Hernán[54-58] se califica este tipo de Unión como la Cenicienta de los Elementos de Maquinas y se destaca como hasta ese momento, ningún autor había abordado, por ejemplo, el cálculo de las tensiones locales que aparecen en el vértice de la garganta en los extremos del cordón para el caso de las uniones a solape con costuras de filete longitudinal, puntos estos en los cuales los propios autores reconocen que las tensiones, dados los fenómenos de distribución no uniforme de las tensiones a lo largo de la longitud del cordón y de la concentración deJackson, Inga Maria-03cfb42a-1806-44cd-be7f-fa0461408512-
"Disney is the Tiffany’s and I am the Woolworth's of the business": A critical re-analysis of the business philosophies, production values and studio practices of animator-producer Paul Houlton Terry
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Animator-producer Paul Houlton Terry has been portrayed as having little passion for the animation he produced and being more concerned with making a profit than producing entertaining cartoons with high production values. The purpose of the dissertation is to re-evaluate Terry‘s legacy to animated cartooning by analyzing his business philosophies, production values, and studio practices.
Application of four psychodynamic factors to the early life and career of Terry, 1887-1929, found that his economic decision making was characterized by: an external locus of control, risk-averse financial behaviour, extreme saving behaviour through precaution, and shrewd money management practices. Based on Terry‘s historical responses to twelve major economic, technological, or institutional forces of change for the period 1929-1955, the psychodynamic factors were found to provide accurate explanations for his studio practices and production decisions.
There was no evidence to support the conclusion that three early career disappointments undermined Terry‘s intrinsic motivation to create animated cartoons. Rather, Terry‘s lack of risk taking, external locus of control, tight studio production schedule, desire to compete with neighbour studio Fleischer, difficulty in separating financial rewards from creative processes in animation, and practice of undertaking surveillance measures on staff may have undermined his and his studio‘s creativity. Archival research found Terry to possess strong passions for and to have made significant creative contributions to the field of animation.
Biographical research found that Terry retained a stable nucleus of highly talented artists who dedicated a significant portion of their working careers to the studio. An analysis of the cel aesthetics of a random sample of animated cartoons produced during the years 1930-1955 found that Terry created animated cartoons with above average cel aesthetics when compared to the other studios thereby supporting an inference that Terry was motivated to producing quality crafted animation. Further research is suggested into the role psychodynamic factors and economic decision-making play in the film production process and a clarification of Terry‘s legacy to the field of animated cartoons
