10 research outputs found
Role of Y-chromosome in identification of victims from mass graves
No full textCILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA:
Utvrditi ulogu analize DNA kromosoma Y u identifikaciji žrtava masovnih grobnica, iz razdoblja II. Svjetskoga rata i Domovinskoga rata kod uzoraka zaprimljenih i obrađenih u razdoblju od 1994. do 2012.
USTROJ ISTRAŽIVANJA:
Studija je organizirana kao opažajno-presječno istraživanje. Kao izvor podataka korištena je pismohrana Kliničkog odjela za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju, KBC Split. Podatci o ispitanicima su razvrstani u skupine: prema dobu iz kojeg je masovna grobnica, načinu obrade, vrsti analize DNA, uspješnosti analize DNA, broju pozitivnih identifikacija.
MJESTO ISTRAŽIVANJA:
Zavod za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju, KBC Split.
SUDIONICI:
Zaprimljeni i obrađeni uzorci kostiju ekshumirani iz masovnih grobnica.
REZULTATI:
U razdoblju od 1994. do 2012. godine na Kliničkom odjelu za patologiju, sudsku medicinu i citologiju, KBC Split ukupno je zaprimljeno i obrađeno 997 koštanih uzoraka iz masovnih grobnica, od čega je 333 iz razdoblja II. Svjetskoga rata, a 664 iz razdoblja Domovinskoga rata. Obradom koštanih uzoraka, iz razdoblja II. Svjetskoga rata, sustavom YFiler bilo je 17,67% pozitivnih identifikacija u odnosu na broj uzoraka obrađen tim sustavom, a 10,52% u odnosu na ukupni broj uzoraka, 57,38% u odnosu na ukupni broj pozitivnih identifikacija. Obradom koštanih uzoraka, iz razdoblja Domovinskoga rata, sustavom YFiler potvrđeno je 4,46% identifikacija u odnosu na ukupni broj pozitivno identificiranih, a 1,51% u odnosu na ukupni broj zaprimljenih i obrađenih uzoraka.
ZAKLJUČCI:
Iz razdoblja II. Svjetskoga rata veći je broj koštanih uzoraka obrađivanih i pozitivno identificiranih uporabom sustava YFiler. Prema prethodno prikupljenoj dokumentaciji o pojedinim lokalitetima analiza DNA kromosoma Y se nametnula kao metoda izbora identifikacije obzirom na pretpostavljene identitete pronađenih kostura, obzirom na dostupnost pretpostavljene rodbine. Koštani uzorci iz razdoblja Domovinskoga rata više su obrađivani korištenjem sustava koji analiziraju DNA preko autosomalnih STR-ova kao posljedica dogovora hrvatskih laboratorija za kliničku i sudsku medicinu zbog veće dostupnosti uzoraka pretpostavljene rodbine te time snažnije potvrde identiteta pojedinih kostura. Analiza DNA kromosoma Y jednako je važna metoda identifikacije, u pojedinih skupina uzoraka i značajnija od analize DNA autosomalnih STR-ova, no sama potvrda identiteta je snažnija pri kombinaciji ovih dviju metoda.OBJECTIVE:
To determine the role of the chromosome Y DNA analysis to identify victims of mass graves from the period of the II. World War and the Croatian War of Independence in the samples received and processed in the period from1994 to 2012.
DESIGN:
The study was organized as an observational-cross-sectional study. A database of the Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Split was used as a source of data. The data was sorted into groups depending: the age from which the mass graves were, method of processing, the type of DNA analysis, the success of DNA analysis, the number of positive identification.
SETTINGS:
Institute of Pathology, Citology and Forensic Medicine, Split University Hospital.
PARTICIPANTS:
Received and processed bone samples exhumed from mass graves.
RESULTS:
In the period from1994 to 2012 the Department of Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, Split University Hospital recieved and processed a total of 997 treated bone samples from mass graves, of which 333 from period of the II. World War, and 664 of the Croatian War of Independence. Processing of bone samples, from period of the II. World War, with YFiler system there was 17.67% positive identification in relation to the number of samples processed by this system, and 10.52% of the total number of samples processed, 57,38% in relation to the total number of positive identifications. Processing of bone samples, from the period of the Croatian War of Independence, with YFiler system it was confirmed the identification of 4.46% compared to the total number of positively identified, and 1.51% of the total number of received and processed samples.
CONCLUSIONS:
From the period of the II. World War larger number of the bone samples was treated and positively identified using YFiler system. According to the previously collected documents about some localities the chromosome Y DNA analysis imposed as the method of choice due to the presumptive identification of the identities of the skeletons found, on the assumed availability of relatives. Bone samples, from the period of the Croatian War of Independence, were analyzed using multiple systems that analyze DNA of autosomal STRs as a result of an agreement of Croatian laboratories for Forensic Medicine due to the greater availability of samples of presumed relatives, thus strongly confirming the identity of individual skeletons. DNA analysis of the chromosome Y is equally important method of identification, in some groups of samples even more significant then the DNA analysis of autosomal STRs. Combination of these two methods gives us higher confidence of correct identification
EFFECT OF SEX ON THE BODY MEASURES IN DIFFERENT AGE CATEGORIES OF BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN - CROATIAN SHEPHERD DOG TORNJAK
No full textPastirski pas tornjak je priznat kao uvjetna bosansko-hercegovačko-hrvatska pasmina od strane FCI-a (Federation Cynologique Internationale) te je 2007. godine objavljen i njegov službeni standard. Iako je tijekom hrvatske povijesti imao značajnu ulogu kao pastirski pas, promjenom načina života i potreba stanovništva broj im je sve više opadao. Početkom dvadesetog stoljeća pasmina se nalazila pred izumiranjem da bi sedamdesetih godina započeo aktivan rad na standardizaciji, kontroli uzgoja i širenja tornjaka, kako unutar, tako i izvan područja matičnih zemalja. Standardom pasmine propisane su karakteristike općeg izgleda, naravi i temperamenta, kao i poželjan izgled pojedinih dijelova tijela te greške koje se mogu javiti kod pojedinih jedinki. Kako, kao i kod drugih pasmina pasa, standard obuhvaća samo osnovne tjelesne mjere (visina grebena) i pojedini značajniji omjeri, cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi detaljne tjelesne mjere po spolu te kod jedinki različite dobi, kako bi se dobio što bolji uvid u morfološki razvoj i karakteristike pasmine.Tornjak is recognized as an optional (temporary) indigenous Bosnian and Herzegovinian-Croatian breed by the FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale) in 2007 when his official standard was published. Although it had important role as a shepherd dog during the Croatian history, there was a decrease of its numbers due to the changes in lifestyle and needs of the population. At the beginning of the twentieth century this breed almost disappeared but in seventies began active work on standardization, control of breeding and spreading of tornjak, both inside and outside their home countries. Breed standard sets the characteristics of general appearance, character and temperament, as well as a desirable appearance of certain parts of the body and errors that might occur in some individuals. As well as for the other breeds of dogs, the standard describes only the basic physical measurements (body height) and some important ratios. That’s why the aim of this study was to determine the detailed body measurements by gender and age groups. In this way a better insight into the development and morphological characteristics of tornjak can be obtained
A model of the University of Zagreb Library Sistem
No full textU dokumentu "Model sveučilišnog knjižničnog sustava Sveučilišta u Zagrebu" koji je rezultat rada na Tempus projektu, definirana je funkcionalna mreža, te uloge i zadaće pojedinih dionika (sastavnica) u odnosu na glavne funkcije (nabava, obrada, usluge, zaštita), izrađene su smjernice i preporuke u svezi organizacije i daljnjeg djelovanja i razvoja, prvenstveno, Knjižničnog sustava Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, te njegova povezivanja s ostalim visokoškolskim knjižnicama u Hrvatskoj i izvan nje, kao otvorenog, ali konceptualno jedinstvenog sustava
Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: “AbSeS”, a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project
No full textPurpose: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). Methods: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. Conclusion: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection. © 2019, The Author(s)
Kroz prostor i vrijeme: Zbornik u čast Miri Menac-Mihalić
No full textZbornik Kroz prostor i vrijeme posvećen je prof. dr. sc. Miri Menac-Mihalić, dugogodišnjoj profesorici Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagreba te članici suradnici Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Prof. dr. sc. Mira Menac-Mihalić iznimno je plodna znanstvenica koja se, uz veliki broj radova iz dijalektologije, smatra i začetnicom hrvatske dijalektne frazeologije. U zborniku posvećenom njezinu radu i djelovanju objavljeni su prilozi koji su grupirani u dvije glavne tematske cjeline (dijalektologija/povijest jezika "O govorima kroz vrijeme" i frazeologija "Živost frazema"). Radovi predstavljaju izniman znanstveni doprinos hrvatskoj filologiji. Velikim su dijelom rezultat terenskih istraživanja kojima se prikupljala građa za obradu. Donose precizne rezultate o fonološkim/morfološkim/leksičkim značajkama hrvatskih mjesnih govora, a istražuju se i frazemi potvrđeni u hrvatskoj nacionalnoj ili dijalektnoj frazeologiji. Dio građe koji se opisuje ekscerpiran je iz postojeće literature te pomno i iscrpno analiziran
Antimicrobial lessons from a large observational cohort on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care units
No full textSevere intra-abdominal infection commonly requires intensive care. Mortality is high and is mainly determined by disease-specific characteristics, i.e. setting of infection onset, anatomical barrier disruption, and severity of disease expression. Recent observations revealed that antimicrobial resistance appears equally common in community-acquired and late-onset hospital-acquired infection. This challenges basic principles in anti-infective therapy guidelines, including the paradigm that pathogens involved in community-acquired infection are covered by standard empiric antimicrobial regimens, and second, the concept of nosocomial acquisition as the main driver for resistance involvement. In this study, we report on resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in distinct European geographic regions based on an observational cohort study on intra-abdominal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Resistance against aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa is problematic, as is carbapenem-resistance in the latter pathogen. For E. coli and K. pneumoniae, resistance is mainly an issue in Central Europe, Eastern and South-East Europe, and Southern Europe, while resistance in P. aeruginosa is additionally problematic in Western Europe. Vancomycin-resistance in E. faecalis is of lesser concern but requires vigilance in E. faecium in Central and Eastern and South-East Europe. In the subcohort of patients with secondary peritonitis presenting with either sepsis or septic shock, the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial therapy was not associated with mortality. In contrast, failure of source control was strongly associated with mortality. The relevance of these new insights for future recommendations regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections is discussed
Poor timing and failure of source control are risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis
No full textPurpose: To describe data on epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) with secondary peritonitis, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy and source control.
Methods: Post hoc analysis of a multicenter observational study (Abdominal Sepsis Study, AbSeS) including 2621 adult ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection in 306 ICUs from 42 countries. Time-till-source control intervention was calculated as from time of diagnosis and classified into 'emergency' (< 2 h), 'urgent' (2-6 h), and 'delayed' (> 6 h). Relationships were assessed by logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: The cohort included 1077 cases of microbiologically confirmed secondary peritonitis. Mortality was 29.7%. The rate of appropriate empiric therapy showed no difference between survivors and non-survivors (66.4% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.1). A stepwise increase in mortality was observed with increasing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (19.6% for a value ≤ 4-55.4% for a value > 12, p < 0.001). The highest odds of death were associated with septic shock (OR 3.08 [1.42-7.00]), late-onset hospital-acquired peritonitis (OR 1.71 [1.16-2.52]) and failed source control evidenced by persistent inflammation at day 7 (OR 5.71 [3.99-8.18]). Compared with 'emergency' source control intervention (< 2 h of diagnosis), 'urgent' source control was the only modifiable covariate associated with lower odds of mortality (OR 0.50 [0.34-0.73]).
Conclusion: 'Urgent' and successful source control was associated with improved odds of survival. Appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial treatment did not significantly affect survival suggesting that source control is more determinative for outcome
Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: "AbSeS", a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project
No full textPurposeTo describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock).MethodsWe performed a multicenter (n=309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation.ConclusionThis multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection
Poor timing and failure of source control are risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis
No full textPurpose To describe data on epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics and outcome of adult patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) with secondary peritonitis, with special emphasis on antimicrobial therapy and source control. Methods Post hoc analysis of a multicenter observational study (Abdominal Sepsis Study, AbSeS) including 2621 adult ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection in 306 ICUs from 42 countries. Time-till-source control intervention was calculated as from time of diagnosis and classified into 'emergency' (< 2 h), 'urgent' (2-6 h), and 'delayed' (> 6 h). Relationships were assessed by logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results The cohort included 1077 cases of microbiologically confirmed secondary peritonitis. Mortality was 29.7%. The rate of appropriate empiric therapy showed no difference between survivors and non-survivors (66.4% vs. 61.3%, p = 0.1). A stepwise increase in mortality was observed with increasing Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (19.6% for a value <= 4-55.4% for a value > 12, p < 0.001). The highest odds of death were associated with septic shock (OR 3.08 [1.42-7.00]), late-onset hospital-acquired peritonitis (OR 1.71 [1.16-2.52]) and failed source control evidenced by persistent inflammation at day 7 (OR 5.71 [3.99-8.18]). Compared with 'emergency' source control intervention (< 2 h of diagnosis), 'urgent' source control was the only modifiable covariate associated with lower odds of mortality (OR 0.50 [0.34-0.73]). Conclusion 'Urgent' and successful source control was associated with improved odds of survival. Appropriateness of empirical antimicrobial treatment did not significantly affect survival suggesting that source control is more determinative for outcome
Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: "AbSeS", a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project
No full textAbstract: PurposeTo describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock).MethodsWe performed a multicenter (n=309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation.ConclusionThis multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection
