1,721,100 research outputs found
Dall’obiettivo individuale a quello di gruppo. Il ruolo della cultura aziendale nel successo dei team
No full textIl lavoro per obiettivi è oggi un metodo sempre più diffuso ed implica l’assegnazione di una meta finale da raggiungere, rispetto alla quale le persone scelgono autonomamente le strategie e i percorsi per la sua realizzazione, attingendo dai propri talenti e rispondendo responsabilmente dei risultati finali. In molti casi tale metodo si affianca o cerca di subentrare al metodo di lavoro per compiti, che sottende invece un’attività da completare seguendo modalità prestabilite (Petitta, Vecchione, Sinato, 2010).
Diverse tecniche supportano i gestori nell’implementazione del lavoro per obiettivi, dalle più conosciute MBO e S.m.a.r.t., al goal setting. L’MBO designa un generico processo di condivisione di obiettivi generali all’interno di un’organizzazione (Drucker, 1954), solitamente decisi a livello apicale, senza però indicazioni particolari su come definire gli obiettivi o assegnarli a cascata ai vari livelli organizzativi. L’acronimo S.m.a.r.t. sintetizza le caratteristiche da tenere presenti quando si definisce un obiettivo: Specific (specifico) Measurable (misurabile), Attainable (accessibile), Realistic (realistico), Timely (con una scadenza). Queste linee guida sono più specifiche rispetto a quelle dell’MBO, anche se meno dettagliate delle indicazioni operative previste dal goal setting per l’intero processo di lavoro per obiettivi. Infine, secondo la tecnica del goal setting (Locke e Latham, 1990), gli ingredienti per definire un obiettivo che faciliti il suo raggiungimento sono la specificità (come pure suggerito dalla S.m.a.r.t.) ma anche la difficoltà. Più un goal è circoscritto, più la persona riesce a mantenere il focus su quanto si prefigge di raggiungere, aumentando le probabilità di successo. Più un goal è difficile rispetto a ciò che la persona già sa fare, più questa si sforza di trovare le strategie ed i comportamenti più efficaci, producendo prestazioni sempre più elevate (Petitta, Vecchione, Sinato, 2010)
Editorial: Metabolic Mediators and Synapses: Linking Body Periphery to Neural Plasticity
Full text link
Triheptanoin as a nutraceutical and its potential use in epilepsy
No full textThe odd-chain triglyceride triheptanoin is metabolized into heptanoate and C5 ketones, which provide highly effective anaplerosis, i.e., refilling of the tricyclic acid cycle with intermediates. Triheptanoin is more efficient than traditional, fat-rich, C4-ketogenic diet in providing anaplerosis, and has been successfully applied to treat long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders. A metabolic imbalance is also observed in epileptic neurons and is thought to originate from ATP depletion, in addition to being involved in exacerbating seizures. An anaplerotic diet can counteract this effect, by sustaining mitochondrial respiration and, possibly, glycolysis. Indeed, studies on pharmacological and genetic animal models of epilepsy have shown that triheptanoin can reduce both electrographic and behavioral seizures. On the other hand, results on patients can vary according to the specific pathological condition. Interestingly, triheptanoin can exert neuroprotective effects in experimental models of brain ischemia and neurodegeneration. A complete understanding of its mechanisms of action on cellular metabolism and on neuronal function, in addition to a standardization of administration protocols, will be instrumental in fully supporting the efficacy of triheptanoin in epilepsy and in other brain diseases
Critical Role of d-Serine Signaling in Synaptic Plasticity Relevant to Cocaine Addiction
No full textThe fundamental role of d-serine as coagonist at the n-methyl-. d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), a major glutamate receptor subtype involved in synaptic plasticity, is well documented and experimental evidence indicates now that this d-amino acid is an influential player in the context of psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and depression. More recently, a direct link between cocaine addiction, another neuropsychiatric disorder, and d-serine signaling has been proposed by findings that d-serine levels are decreased in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-treated rats. Such a deficit in d-serine content leads to impairment of NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity and locomotor sensitization to cocaine, a behavioral hallmark of cocaine addiction. The d-serine hypothesis for cocaine addiction, here proposed, provides considerable insight into the understanding of the cocaine-induced neuroadaptations in reward-related neuronal circuits and opens new attractive perspectives for therapeutic approaches to treat this addictive state
Caratteristiche bioritmiche e morfologiche in un popolamento di Quercus robur L. del bosco di Carpenedo
No full text(CAB Abstract Accession Number 930665835
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
