126 research outputs found
218 - Yusra Mahmood Fundi Obeidat
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.This work describes the development of an integrated sensors system to measure concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, glucose, and lactate concurrently at single cell level. DO was measured amperometrically using a three-electrode system of working (WE), counter (CE) and reference (RE) electrodes. pH was measured potentiometrically using two electrodes system of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) WE and Ag/AgCl RE. Glucose and lactate were measured enzymatically by measuring the current generated from the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide generated from the catalysis of glucose or lactate at the WEs with their catalysis enzymes. A microfluidic chamber containing all four sensors was made using SU8 to investigate single oocytes/embryos immersed in up to 120 µL of respiration buffer. This work includes the results of using the integrated sensors system to measure the metabolic activities of real cells including single oocytes or embryos. The micro-chamber was completely sealed using top layer of ovoil and covered by top glass lid to avoid oxygen exchange between the inside of the chamber and the atmosphere, while being maintained at a temperature of 38.5 ºC to preserve cell viability. The oxygen consumption of cells, the lactate production and glucose consumptions were measured as a change in output current and converted to femto-mol (fmol) per second based on calibrations with buffer of known DO, lactate, and lactate concentrations. This integrated sensor system has some potential applications include evaluating effects of metabolic therapies on oocyte bioenergetics, study the effect of aging on embryos development and monitoring mitochondrial function throughout oocyte maturation and blastocyst development to predict embryo viability to compliment assisted reproductive technologies.Undergraduate Choice - Research Top Scholar
On Finding Exact and Approximate Solutions to Some PDEs Using the Reduced Differential Transform Method
No full textAbstract: In this research article, we give analytic approximate solution to the Sharma Tasso Olver (STO) equation and exact solutions to both the Schrodinger equation and the Telegraph equation. Also, the approximate analytical and exact solutions we present in this paper are calculated in the form of power series with easily computable components. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the exact solutions. We present an algorithm called the Reduced Differential Transform Method (RDTM) to find approximate solution and we compare the results with the exact solutions. This method reduces significantly the numerical computations compare with the existing methods such as the perturbation technique, differential transform method (DTM) and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM)
Translating conjunctions in political journalistic argumentative texts from English into Arabic
No full textPolitical Journalistic Argumentative Texts (PJATs) have always been challenging for translators of this type of texts when rendering them into Arabic. One major problem facing translators of this genre is the translation of conjunctions which is often overshadowed by researchers. This study recovers the meanings and functions of conjunctions and their role in maintaining cohesion and coherence in discourse. Due to the political nature of this type of discourse and mistranslating the relations residing between adjacent sentences which mainly rely on conjunctions to signal to them, ideology, when mistranslating conjunction, may come to surface causing more problems relating to meaning interpretation, namely on the part of the receivers of translated texts. With this in mind, this study has been conducted with the aim of finding out the most frequently used conjunctions and whether they are adequately translated from English into Arabic, the most frequently problem-causing conjunctions, and identifying the relationship between conjunctions, on the one hand, and cohesion and coherence, on the other. To make this happen, a corpus of 40 PJATs translated into Arabic in two major Jordanian newspapers, Al-Rai and Ad-Dustour, has been studied with specific attention to the process of translating conjunctions in light of Halliday and Hasan's (1976) model of conjunctions. Conjunctions were initially looked at as being translated or non-translated, and each of the headings was examined according to a three step scale: adequate, semiadequate, and inadequate. The findings of the study show that the overall number of conjunction relations (both syndetic and asyndetic) in the corpus was 1469 including additive, adversative, causal, temporal, zero conjunction, and paragraph beginnings conjunction relations. The findings have shown that a significant number (52.82%) of these conjunction relations was either inadequately or semi-adequately translated into Arabic. The study has also revealed that asyndetic conjunction in English represents one of the major problems in texts translated into Arabic featuring 44.38% of the total number of the conjunction relations; for this particular problematic area, this study argues that the Arabic conjunction (j) can be the best equivalent to the English asyndetic conjunction. This relatively high percentage of mistranslations at the level of the relations residing between sentences forming a larger text will inevitably cast its influence on the quality of the translated text on three major levels: cohesion, coherence and ideology, with the aim of reflecting on these three influential levels in discourse, Critical Discourse Analysis was adopted as a framework of analysis to show how the ideological background of the receivers, namely the Target Language receivers, may interfere and lead them through irrelevant and sometimes dark tunnels as a result of misunderstanding the semantic relation existing between adjacent sentences in translated texts. To sum up, this study of PJATs represents a corner stone for translators, researchers and students of translation as it has shed light on the problem of translating conjunctions from English into Arabic, highlighted the problematic areas and proposed some guidelines to dealing with the conjunctions and their close connection with cohesion and coherence in discourse. KEY WORDS: Conjunction in English, Conjunction in Arabic, Cohesion, Coherence, Ideology, Political Discourse, Discourse Analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis, Argumentation, Journalese, and Translation.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Further development of image processing algorithms to improve detectability of defects in Sonic IR NDE
No full textComparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for author age and gender identification
No full textAuthor profiling is part of information retrieval in which different perspectives of the author are observed by considering various characteristics like native language, gender, and age. Different techniques are used to extract the required information using text analysis, like author identification on social media and for Short Text Message Service. Author profiling helps in security and blogs for identification purposes while capturing authors’ writing behaviors through messages, posts, comments, blogs, comments, and chat logs. Most of the work in this area has been done in English and other native languages. On the other hand, Roman Urdu is also getting attention for the author profiling task, but it needs to convert Roman-Urdu to English to extract important features like Named Entity Recognition (NER) and other linguistic features. The conversion may lose important information while having limitations in converting one language to another language. This research explores machine learning techniques that can be used for all languages to overcome the conversion limitation. The Vector Space Model (VSM) and Query Likelihood (Q.L.) are used to identify the author’s age and gender. Experimental results revealed that Q.L. produces better results in terms of accuracy
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Author Age and Gender Identification
No full textAuthor profiling is part of information retrieval in which different perspectives of the author are observed by considering various characteristics like native language, gender, and age. Different techniques are used to extract the required information using text analysis, like author identification on social media and for Short Text Message Service. Author profiling helps in security and blogs for identification purposes while capturing authors’ writing behaviors through messages, posts, comments, blogs, comments, and chat logs. Most of the work in this area has been done in English and other native languages. On the other hand, Roman Urdu is also getting attention for the author profiling task, but it needs to convert Roman-Urdu to English to extract important features like Named Entity Recognition (NER) and other linguistic features. The conversion may lose important information while having limitations in converting one language to another language. This research explores machine learning techniques that can be used for all languages to overcome the conversion limitation. The Vector Space Model (VSM) and Query Likelihood (Q.L.) are used to identify the author’s age and gender. Experimental results revealed that Q.L. produces better results in terms of accuracy
Fair Use in American and Continental Laws
No full textIntellectual property, unlike tangible property, does not exclusively occupy one place at a designated time. Instead, intellectual property is composed of information which can be reproduced or used in multiple places at any given time. This fundamental difference between intellectual and tangible property is reflected in the legal provisions that regulate these types of property. There are two dominant theories that justify the legal protection of intellectual property: the individualistic European approach, and the commercial Anglo-American approach. Under the European approach, the protection of the creation is a natural right guaranteed to the author. In other words, natural law guarantees the droit d’auteur (right of the author). Under the commercial Anglo-American approach, the protection of a creation is not a natural right, but instead is expressed in the form of economic incentive granting the creator a right to copy. The United States Constitution supports the latter approach in its Copyright Clause. This clause emphasizes the importance of limiting the time that the author has an exclusive right to the creation, in order to “promote the progress of science and useful arts.” The United States Supreme Court has also established support for the utilitarian economic approach in its decisions. Despite this, some scholars are calling against the economic approach and for the need to restore natural law theory in American copyright. This paper argues that the efforts to incorporate natural law theory in American copyright law would be undesirable, and that natural law concepts are incompatible with existing American copyright law. The two theories and their origins will be examined in order to show this, as well as the concept and scope of the fair use doctrine in American law and the Continental system
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