1,720,955 research outputs found
Iran\u27s Concession Agreements and the Role of the National Iranian Oil Company: Economic Development and Sovereign Immunity
Get PDFUna revision del Tribunal de Reclamaciones Irán-Estados Unidos
No full textThis article is intended to analyse the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal by considering its origins and decisions in order to find out to what extend it has been successful in the settlement of international commercial and inter-state disputes between Iran and the United States. The Tribunal work is evaluated to determine whether it has been a workable pattern of Western-style legal institution for further instances of politically changed circumstances. In its arguments and expositions, I will discuss whether the Tribunal is an international arbitral tribunal created to resolve private law disputes or an interstate arbitration body typically established by treaty. I will argue that the Tribunal should be considered as an instrument of public international law, because it is based on an international treaty between sovereign states. Through this study I will examine the question of the Tribunal’s jurisdiction and its application of international law as compared with the decisions of other international tribunals. It also considers an internal question to the theory of the governing law to the resolution of disputes.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o Tribunal de Reclamações Irã-Estados Unidos, considerando suas origens e decisões, a fim de descobrir em que medida ele tem sido bem-sucedido na resolução de disputas comerciais internacionais e entre estados entre o Irã e os Estados Unidos. O trabalho do Tribunal é avaliado para determinar se tem sido um padrão viável de instituição legal de estilo ocidental para outras instâncias de circunstâncias politicamente alteradas. Em seus argumentos e exposições, discutirei se o Tribunal é um tribunal arbitral internacional para resolver disputas de direito privado ou um órgão de arbitragem interestadual tipicamente estabelecido por tratado. Argumentarei que o Tribunal deve ser considerado um instrumento de direito internacional público, porque se baseia em um tratado internacional entre Estados soberanos. Por meio deste estudo, examinarei a questão da jurisdição do Tribunal e sua aplicação do direito internacional em comparação com as decisões de outros tribunais internacionais. Também considera questões internas à teoria do direito que rege a resolução de litígios.
Este artículo es un intento por analizar el Tribunal de Reclamaciones Irán-Estados Unidos teniendo en cuenta sus orígenes y decisiones con el fin de averiguar hasta qué punto ha sido exitoso en la solución de controversias comerciales internacionales y entre los estados de Irán y Estados Unidos. El trabajo del Tribunal es evaluado para determinar si ha sido un modelo viable de institución jurídica de tipo occidental para otros casos de circunstancias políticamente cambiantes. En sus argumentaciones y exposiciones voy a discutir si el Tribunal es un tribunal arbitral internacional creado para resolver controversias de derecho privado o un órgano de arbitraje interestatal típicamente establecido por tratado. Discutiré acerca de si el Tribunal debe ser considerado como un instrumento de derecho internacional público porque se basa en un tratado internacional entre estados soberanos. A través de este estudio voy a examinar el asunto de la jurisdicción del Tribunal y su aplicación del derecho internacional en comparación con las decisiones de otros tribunales internacionales. También voy a considerar una cuestión interna de la teoría de la ley que rige la resolución de conflictos
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Uma revisão do Tribunal de Reivindicações Irã-Estados Unidos
No full textThis article is intended to analyse the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal by considering its origins and decisions in order to find out to what extend it has been successful in the settlement of international commercial and inter-state disputes between Iran and the United States. The Tribunal work is evaluated to determine whether it has been a workable pattern of Western-style legal institution for further instances of politically changed circumstances. In its arguments and expositions, I will discuss whether the Tribunal is an international arbitral tribunal created to resolve private law disputes or an interstate arbitration body typically established by treaty. I will argue that the Tribunal should be considered as an instrument of public international law, because it is based on an international treaty between sovereign states. Through this study I will examine the question of the Tribunal’s jurisdiction and its application of international law as compared with the decisions of other international tribunals. It also considers an internal question to the theory of the governing law to the resolution of disputes.
Este artículo es un intento por analizar el Tribunal de Reclamaciones Irán-Estados Unidos teniendo en cuenta sus orígenes y decisiones con el fin de averiguar hasta qué punto ha sido exitoso en la solución de controversias comerciales internacionales y entre los estados de Irán y Estados Unidos. El trabajo del Tribunal es evaluado para determinar si ha sido un modelo viable de institución jurídica de tipo occidental para otros casos de circunstancias políticamente cambiantes. En sus argumentaciones y exposiciones voy a discutir si el Tribunal es un tribunal arbitral internacional creado para resolver controversias de derecho privado o un órgano de arbitraje interestatal típicamente establecido por tratado. Discutiré acerca de si el Tribunal debe ser considerado como un instrumento de derecho internacional público porque se basa en un tratado internacional entre estados soberanos. A través de este estudio voy a examinar el asunto de la jurisdicción del Tribunal y su aplicación del derecho internacional en comparación con las decisiones de otros tribunales internacionales. También voy a considerar una cuestión interna de la teoría de la ley que rige la resolución de conflictos.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o Tribunal de Reclamações Irã-Estados Unidos, considerando suas origens e decisões, a fim de descobrir em que medida ele tem sido bem-sucedido na resolução de disputas comerciais internacionais e entre estados entre o Irã e os Estados Unidos. O trabalho do Tribunal é avaliado para determinar se tem sido um padrão viável de instituição legal de estilo ocidental para outras instâncias de circunstâncias politicamente alteradas. Em seus argumentos e exposições, discutirei se o Tribunal é um tribunal arbitral internacional para resolver disputas de direito privado ou um órgão de arbitragem interestadual tipicamente estabelecido por tratado. Argumentarei que o Tribunal deve ser considerado um instrumento de direito internacional público, porque se baseia em um tratado internacional entre Estados soberanos. Por meio deste estudo, examinarei a questão da jurisdição do Tribunal e sua aplicação do direito internacional em comparação com as decisões de outros tribunais internacionais. Também considera questões internas à teoria do direito que rege a resolução de litígios
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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