268 research outputs found
Effects of dietary lipid level on growth and feed utilisation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) reared at Mediterranean summer temperature
No full textWe investigated the effects of different dietary lipid levels on gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, reared at Mediterranean summer temperature. Sixty fish (average weight 75 g) per tank were randomly distributed, in triplicate groups, in a recirculating rearing system (27±1°C) and fed ad libitum five isonitrogenous (46% dietary protein) diets with increasing lipid level (16, 18, 20, 22 and 24% named D16, D18, D20, D22 and D24, respectively), over 89 days. Specific growth rate and final body weight were not affected by dietary lipid levels. Feed conversion ratio was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in D16 as compared to the other treatments, most likely due to the shortage of dietary energy supply, coped with a significantly higher voluntary feed intake. Consequently, we obtained a significantly lower protein efficiency ratio and gross protein efficiency in D16. Gross lipid efficiency was significantly higher in D16 and D18 than in the other treatments. Biometric parameters and lipase activity in gut content were not influenced by dietary treatments. In conclusion, D18 seems the most suitable diet for gilthead seabream reared at Mediterranean summer temperature, providing both the lowest fish in fish out (FIFO) ratio and a protein sparing effect, which makes gilthead seabream’s production economically and environmentally more sustainable
Feeding common sole (Solea solea) juveniles with increasing dietary lipid levels affects growth, feed utilization and gut health
No full textKnowledge about the nutritional requirements of common sole (Solea solea) is limited and no information regarding the optimal dietary lipid level is available yet. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess the growth response and feed utilization of common sole juveniles fed diets with increasing lipid levels. Four isonitrogenous (59% protein) pelletized diets with different dietary lipid levels (8%, 12%, 16% and 20%; L8, L12, L16 and L20, respectively) were fed to triplicate fish groups of 80 individuals to apparent satiation over 150 days. A one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test and linear regression were used to analyse the data (P ≤ 0.05). At the end of the trial, final body weight was significantly higher in fish fed L8 (40.7 ± 1.7 g), followed by those fed L12 (35.1 ± 1.2 g), L16 (27.9 ± 2.5 g) and L20 (22.1 ± 0.3 g). The specific growth rate was higher in fish fed L8 and L12, compared to the other treatments, and it was lowest in L20. Voluntary feed intake decreased with an increase in the dietary lipid level. The feed conversion rate, the protein efficiency ratio and the gross protein efficiency were lower in fish fed L20, while no significant differences were observed among L8, L12 and L16. Gross lipid efficiency was significantly higher in fish fed low lipid diets. Histological observations showed that 19 of 36 observed subjects had lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of enterocytes at the apex of the mucosal folds and, in some cases, also along the entire fold (intestinal steatosis). The number of fish with intestinal steatosis in groups L20 and L16 was significantly higher than the number in group L8. Ultrastructure showed large electrondense lipid droplets within the cytoplasm of enterocytes and warping of the cytoplasmic membrane (steatosis); in some cases, lipid droplets were also present within the Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, the results of this trial suggest that the diet for S. solea juveniles should include no more than 12% lipids. Higher lipid inclusions not only led to a substantial decline in performance but also affected gut health. This should be taken into consideration in formulating specific practical diets for common sole
Lipids and fatty acids composition of eggs in relation to larval quality from cultured common sole (Solea solea) broodstock
No full textEggs quality optimization is a fundamental aspect in the standardization of the production cycle of a fish species. Lipids content and fatty acids composition of common sole (Solea solea) eggs were measured and correlated to eggs and larval viability parameters along an entire reproductive season.
Seventeen batches of fertile eggs obtained from natural spawning of captive breeders were characterized for lipid content (L), fatty acids content (FAs), total weight (TW), spawning temperature (T), floating rate (FR), hatching rate (HR) and survival rate of larvae (SR) at 0-6 days post hatching (dph). Based on univariate regression models it was possible to formulate significant relations using L, FAs, TW and T as independent variable. T, L, and 20:5(n-3)+20:4(n-6) (EPA+ARA), were significant (P≤0.05) correlated to FR. T, 14:0, 18:0, 22:6(n-3) (DHA), ∑monounsaturated FAs, ∑polyunsaturated FAs of the (n-3) series, and EPA+ARA were significant correlated to HR and SR. It was also found that L, 16:0, 16:1(n-7), 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), saturated FAs, ∑polyunsaturated FAs of the (n-6) series had a significant effect to HR, while TW, 18:1(n-7), 20:5(n-3), ∑(n-6)/∑(n-3), DHA/EPA were significant correlated to SR.
The results indicate that quantitative eggs lipids and fatty acids composition can predict eggs and larval quality of common sole. Since breeders’ diet is one of the main factors affecting eggs composition, the results of this study could provide useful information for broodstock nutrition
Un ricordo personale di Fulvio Papi
No full textThe article reflects on Fulvio Papi’s philosophical approach, highlighting his dedication to simplifying complex ideas to reveal underlying truths. The author recounts personal interactions that demonstrate Papi’s ability to engage deeply yet succinctly with philosophical concepts, enhancing understanding and discussion. The article underscores Papi’s impact through his commitment to clarity and ethical simplicity, leaving a lasting legacy in philosophical discourse
Defining the most suitable dietary lipid level in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, reared at high temperature
No full textGilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, reared in the Mediterranean Sea are submitted to high temperature during warm seasons and, being poikilotherms, their metabolism is greatly influenced. The aim of this work was to assess the most suitable dietary lipid level to cope sea bream energy request when reared at high temperature.
Sixty fish (75 g initial body weight) per tank were randomly distributed in triplicate groups, in a recirculating system. Water temperature and oxygen level were kept constant at 27 1and 100% of saturation, respectively. Five experimental isoproteic diets with increasing lipid level (16%, 18%, 20%, 22% and 24% lipid level, corresponding to D16, D18, D20, D22 and D24, respectively) were administered to satiation twice a day, over 89 days. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukeys post test (P 0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) didnt show any significant difference between treatments even though feed intake (FI) of fish fed D16 was significantly higher as compared to other treatments. At the same time, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in fish fed the diet with the lowest lipid level. Whole-body composition, viscerosomatic, hepatosomatic and visceral fat index were not influenced by dietary treatments.
Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was significantly lower in D16 (1.44) than in the other treatments (1.55, 1.58, 1.57, 1.56). Gross protein efficiency (GPE) was significantly lower in D16 (24.9) as compared to fish fed D20, D22 and D24 (27.3, 27.3, 26.7). The two lowest dietary lipid levels gave a higher gross lipid efficiency (GLE) (69.9, 69.7) in comparison to the other groups (56.6, 56.0, 49.8).
The energy levels studied seem not to influence growth at high temperatures despite the wide range of fat inclusion used. However, low energy diets show higher FCR and lower PER. These findings should be further evaluated
Fair and Equitable Treatment and the Fabric of General Principles
No full textThis book moves from the circumstance whereby currently the obligation to provide fair and equitable treatment (FET) to foreign investments is included in the majority of international investment agreements and has proved to be the most invoked standard in investor-State arbitration. Hence, it is no overstatement to describe this standard as the basic norm of international investment law. Yet both its meaning and normative basis continue to be shrouded in ambiguity and, as a consequence, to inspire a considerable number of interpretations by legal writers. The book's precise aim is to unravel such ambiguity, arguing from the idea that FET has become part of the fabric of general international law, but has done so by means of a source somewhat neglected in legal doctrine. This being the category of general principles peculiar to a certain field of international law, i.e. those principles having their own foundations in the international legal order itself, but which, through the mediation of the judge, end up being shaped according to the features typical of a specific normative field. The book, as well as having a solid theoretical backdrop as its basis, offers a careful and critical analysis of pertinent case law, and will prove useful to both scholars and practitioners. Fulvio Maria Palombino is Professor of International Law at the Law Department of the University of Naples Federico II and a member of the Executive Board of the European Society of International Law. Specific to this book: • Explains the ICSID practice clearly and concisely • Useful in practical terms Excerpts from a review: 'Fair and Equitable Treatment and the Fabric of General Principles' is an original and well researched book, in which the author challenges a number of conventional wisdoms on FET.Among the strengths of the book one can mention the solid discussion of public international law principles relevant to FET and the interesting incursions into domestic law legal systems which play an important role in the understanding of FET components such as due process, legitimate expectations or proportionality. In particular the section on promises provides a convincing analysis of the issues that arise when the administration makes an assurance or representation to an investor. Against the backdrop of the examination of unilateral acts under public international law, Palombino's analysis sheds new light on what ought to be the proper scope of protection under the legitimate expectations doctrine in case of governmental promises, clarifying a number of points which have received insufficient attention by arbitral tribunals thus far. - Michele Potestà, Attorney with Lévy Kaufmann-Kohler, Geneva; Senior Researcher, Geneva Center for International Dispute Settlement (CIDS) book review in International and Comparative Law Quarterly, (2018)67(4), 1036-1037. For the full review, see: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589318000246
The Four Engravings : between word and image
No full textThis essay is part of a volume which offers the first comprehensive study of the De Nola (Venice 1514), a hitherto underappreciated Latin text written by the Nolan humanist and physician Ambrogio Leone. Divided into three books and enriched by four engravings, De Nola is an extraordinary historical, chorographical and topographical treatise celebrating the city of Nola in the Kingdom of Naples. Its author was the Nolan physician and humanist Ambrogio Leone, who dedicated the work to Enrico Orsini count of Nola, while its publisher was Joannes Rubeus, or Giovanni Rosso from Vercelli. The volume would mark an important advance in European humanistic and antiquarian debates. Leone’s description of a seemingly minor urban centre in the peninsula is an innovative and ground-breaking work of Renaissance scholarship. Several decades after Biondo Flavio’s studies of Rome and Italy had appeared in print, De Nola marked a shift in antiquarian publications, and opened the way to a new approach to the description of cities. Its fame was enduring, reaching beyond the borders of the Italian peninsula to the main centres of Renaissance European culture. Despite its profound originality and its early and widespread circulation, De Nola has remained at the margins of Renaissance studies.
The chapter written by Fulvio Lenzo discusses the four engravings, which help to make Leone’s book an early sixteenth century masterpiece of humanist literature. His analysis of the engravings clarifies the important role played by Leone himself in planning and drawing the illustrations, and reduces the role of the Venetian painter and engraver Girolamo Mocetto to little more than an executor of Leone’s ideas.
Leone relied, at a first level, on a massive use of written sources relating to a wide range of disciplines. He appears as a reader (and certainly also an owner) of manuscripts and above all of printed editions, like those published by his friend Aldo and composed in Greek characters with the support of Grifo’s renewed Greek typeset; but also as a tireless ‘devourer’ of mathematical and geometrical treatises, like Luca Pacioli’s edition of Euclid. He certainly consulted (or even possibly possessed) illustrated books like the famous Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, or the 1511 edition of Ptolemy’s geographical work (edited by another émigré from the Kingdom of Naples, namely Bernardo Silvano of Eboli), or architectural treatises like Fra Giocondo’s edition of Vitruvius, all printing products which displayed an impressive iconic apparatus; but he also studied a deliberately aniconic book as Leon Battista Alberti’s De re aedificatoria, a real bestseller at the time, where mental images were created by the power of words. Ambrogio Leone considered his book not only a medium for the publication of his text, but also a valuable art object, in which renewed illustrations play a relevant role
"Presentación del libro de José M. Sevilla Prolegómenos para una crítica de la ra zón problemática. Motivos en Vico y Ortega"
No full textPresentación leída en español por el autor, en la Universidad de Sevilla el día 6 de junio de 2011, en el acto de presentación conjunta de los libros Prolegómenos para una crítica de la razón problemática. Motivos en Vico y Ortega (José M. Sevilla) y Filosofía de la razón plural. Isaiah Berlin entre dos siglos (Pablo Badillo O’Farrell, Coord.); acto en el que participaron los profesores Joaquín Abellán, Pablo Badillo, Giuseppe Cacciatore, José M. Sevilla y Fulvio Tessitore.Introduction read in Spanish by the author, in the joint launching of the books Prolegómenos para una crítica de la razón problemática. Motivos en Vico y Ortega (José M. Sevilla) and Filosofía de la razón plural. Isaiah Berlin entre dos siglos (Pablo Badillo O’Farrell, Coord.) that took place at the University of Seville on June the 6th, 2011. The act counted with the participation of Joaquín Abellán, Pablo Badillo, Giuseppe Cacciatore, José M. Sevilla and Fulvio Tessitore
A Simple Approximate Long-Memory Model of Realized Volatility
No full textThe paper proposes an additive cascade model of volatility components defined over different time periods. This volatility cascade leads to a simple AR-type model in the realized volatility with the feature of considering different volatility components realized over different time horizons and thus termed Heterogeneous Autoregressive model of Realized Volatility (HAR-RV). In spite of the simplicity of its structure and the absence of true long-memory properties, simulation results show that the HAR-RV model successfully achieves the purpose of reproducing the main empirical features of financial returns (long memory, fat tails, and self-similarity) in a very tractable and parsimonious way. Moreover, empirical results show remarkably good forecasting performance. Copyright The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: [email protected], Oxford University Press.
The thermodynamic limit on Bethe lattices
No full textThe author emphasises the fact that, to obtain the exact solution of Hamiltonian models on Bethe lattices one can apply explicitly the formal method of rigorous statistical mechanics, i.e. the thermodynamic limit of probability measures. This approach solves the well known dichotomy between clashing alternative solutions, and provides a very simple analytic solution for a large class of Hamiltonian models
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