156 research outputs found
Pratique des activités d’orientation-conseil et projet professionnel de l’élève au Cameroun
No full textNowadays, in view of the many issues and hopes it raises, guidance counselling through the vocational project is that training interface which favours academic success and the preparation of the pupil for a future professional career. This research poses the problem of guidance counsellors accompanying students in the co-construction of their professional projects preparing them for a secure professional integration, if we refer to the difficulties of choice of training and socio-professional integration experienced by graduates nowadays. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 628 students in the final year of secondary school in the city of Bertoua. The testing of four hypotheses by the multiple logistic regression test made it possible to verify that the use by guidance counsellors of their main activities (training sessions, counselling, applied research and psycho-technical testing) favours the accompaniment of students in the construction of their professional projects
L’éducation dans la région de l’est-Cameroun : enjeux, défis et perspectives
No full textStudies on the education in Cameroon show that forestry and coastal societies were the first to come into contact with the Wester world and the modern school (J. Ekango Epoh, 2010 ; H. Ngonga, 2010). It is only gradually that the school has spread throughout the cameroonian territory, but with disparities in the supply of education between the regions. These disparities continued despite the efforts made by the government during the post-independances years. Point 264 of the SND 2020-2030 (2020) points to « education policies and […] an unequal distribution of staff for the benefit of urban areas and the inadequacy of the minimum package in services, especially in rural areas ». The analysis of the positioning of the Eastern region in terms of education in relation to that of other regions supports this postulate (H. Ngonga, 2010). However, studies have shown since T. Schultz (1961) and J. Mincer (1974) that education makes it possible to change the caracteristics of individuals, their position on the labor market and its influence in the power relations between the different social group. Founded by documentary analysis over period (1960-2022) this article has three objectives :1) to analyze the historical evolution of education in the Eastern Cameroon region; 2) to assess the impact of such development on the level of education and social development and, finally, 3) to identify the challenges and prospects to be met that can make the Eastern region a development locomotive in CameroonLes études sur l’éducation au Cameroun font état de ce que les sociétés forestières et côtières ont été les premières à entrer en contact avec le monde occidental et l’école moderne (J. Ekango Epoh, 2010 ; H. Ngonga, 2010). Ce n’est que progressivement que l’école s’est étendue sur l’ensemble du territoire camerounais, mais avec des disparités dans l’offre d’éducation entre les groupes sociaux. Ces disparités ont continué malgré les efforts déployés par le gouvernement au cours des années postindépendances. Le point 264 de la SND 2020-2030 (2020) pointe du doigt les « politiques d’éducation et […] une inégale répartition du personnel au profit des zones urbaines et de l’insuffisance du paquet minimum dans les services, notamment en milieu rural ». L’analyse du positionnement de la région de l’Est en matière d’éducation en lien avec celui des autres régions conforte ce postulat (H. Ngonga, 2010). Or des études ont montré depuis T. Schultz (1961) et J. Mincer (1974) que l’éducation permet de modifier les caractéristiques des individus, leur position sur le marché du travail et son influence dans les rapports de force existant entre les différents groupes sociaux. S’appuyant sur une analyse documentaire sur la période (1960-2022), cet article vise à : (1) analyser l’évolution historique de l’éducation dans la région de l’Est-Cameroun ; (2) évaluer l’incidence de cette évolution sur le niveau d’instruction et le développement social et, (3) identifier les défis et les perspectives à relever qui peuvent faire de cette région une locomotive en matière d’éducation et de développement au Cameroun
Pratique des activités d’orientation-conseil et projet professionnel de l’élève au Cameroun
No full textDe nos jours, au regard des multiples enjeux et des espoirs dont elle fait l’objet, l’orientation-conseil à travers le projet professionnel est cet interface de formation qui favorise la réussite scolaire et la préparation de l’élève à une carrière professionnelle future. Cette recherche pose le problème de l’accompagnement des élèves par les conseillers d’orientation dans la co-construction de leurs projets professionnels préparant à une insertion professionnelle assurée, si l’on se réfère aux difficultés de choix de formation et d’insertion socioprofessionnelle que connaissent les diplômés de nos jours. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire a été administré à un échantillon de 628 élèves des terminales des neuf établissements d’enseignement secondaire public de la ville de Bertoua. La mise à l’épreuve de quatre hypothèses par le test de régression logistique multiple a permis de vérifier que le recours par les conseillers d’orientation à leurs principales activités que sont (les sessions de formation, le counseling, la recherche appliquée et le testing psychotechnique) favorisent l’accompagnement des élèves dans la construction de leurs projets professionnels.Nowadays, in view of the many issues and hopes it raises, guidance counselling through the vocational project is that training interface which favours academic success and the preparation of the pupil for a future professional career. This research poses the problem of guidance counsellors accompanying students in the co-construction of their professional projects preparing them for a secure professional integration, if we refer to the difficulties of choice of training and socio-professional integration experienced by graduates nowadays. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 628 students in the final year of secondary school in the city of Bertoua. The testing of four hypotheses by the multiple logistic regression test made it possible to verify that the use by guidance counsellors of their main activities (training sessions, counselling, applied research and psycho-technical testing) favours the accompaniment of students in the construction of their professional projects
Estimating selection pressures on HIV-1 using phylogenetic likelihood models
No full textHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) can rapidly evolve due to selection pressures exerted by HIV-specific immune responses, antiviral agents, and to allow the virus to establish infection in different compartments in the body. Statistical models applied to HIV-1 sequence data can help to elucidate the nature of these selection pressures through comparisons of non-synonymous (or amino acid changing) and synonymous (or amino acid preserving) substitution rates. These models also need to take into account the non-independence of sequences due to their shared evolutionary history. We review how we have developed these methods and have applied them to characterize the evolution of HIV-1 in vivo. To illustrate our methods, we present an analysis of compartment-specific evolution of HIV-1 em) in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and of site-to-site variation in the gag gene of subtype C HIV-1. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The heroic illusion : Rodrigue and the tragic hero representation in the early 17th century
No full textLe point de départ de ce travail réside d’une part dans la découverte d’une différence considérable de nature entre le héros du Cid et les protagonistes du théâtre contemporain ; et d’autre part sur l’intuition que l’analyse littéraire utilise presque exclusivement Rodrigue comme personnage représentatif du premier XVIIe siècle. Notre première démarche a été de chercher à confirmer ces impressions en démontrant le statut particulier de ce personnage. Nous avons étudié la réception du Cid et de son héros au fil des siècles dans cette optique, jugeant que les réactions des spectateurs, des lecteurs et des critiques construisaient progressivement notre image actuelle de Rodrigue. Nous avons cherché à voir comment depuis janvier 1637 jusqu’au début du XXIe siècle la pièce et son héros ont été accueillis. Nous avons ainsi établi la longévité du texte, ainsi que les exceptionnelles réactions d’engouement qu’il a pu rencontrer. Cela nous a permis d’établir la mythification de la pièce et de dégager sa portée universelle. Ces premières conclusions nous ont invité à rechercher les causes d’un tel succès. C’est à nouveau l’étude de la réception qui nous a permis de découvrir que cette unanimité tenait essentiellement au personnage de Rodrigue. C’est lui qui semble d’abord retenir l’intérêt des lecteurs et des spectateurs. Nous avons donc cherché dans une deuxième partie à comprendre ce qui fascinait tant en Rodrigue. Pour cette raison, nous l’avons confronté à l’idée de héros. La coïncidence saisissante que les réactions publiques révèlent entre ce personnage archétypal et le protagoniste du Cid nous a permis d’aboutir à un premier stade de compréhension : la pièce est accueillie avec enthousiasme au XVIIe siècle parce que son personnage principal actualise l’idéal humain tel que l’époque se le représente. Cependant, l’engouement des siècles suivants repose sur le même motif : c’est parce que Rodrigue incarne le héros du XVIIe siècle que le spectateur du siècle des Lumières, du Romantisme, de la Troisième République ou de l’entre-deux-guerres l’apprécie. Le protagoniste du Cid apparaît comme un héros révéré mais regretté car appartenant à une époque révolue. Au sein de l’œuvre de Corneille, il est également envisagé comme un paradigme héroïque et incarne le modèle dont tous les personnages masculins du théâtre cornélien ne seraient que la déclinaison. Il est l’élément fondateur du mythe du « héros cornélien ». Cependant, l’unanimité de réception face à Rodrigue pose question : Le Cid a-t-il réellement eu une place à part sur le théâtre du premier XVIIe siècle ? À l’ouverture de notre troisième partie, une brève étude de ce théâtre permet de révéler l’écart entre l’image de Rodrigue façonnée par la réception et la réalité dramaturgique des années 1630-1650. La tragi-comédie de Corneille n’est pas la seule pièce à connaître le succès et son héros n’est pas l’unique incarnation sur scène de l’homme tel qu’on se le représente alors. De nombreux autres dramaturges connaissent de réelles réussites. Toutefois, la réception critique les oublie. L’histoire littéraire semble ne vouloir retenir que Corneille pour la postérité. Elle impose Le Cid comme pièce modèle ; mais, se faisant, elle fausse l’appréciation que nous nous faisons du théâtre et des mentalités du XVIIe siècle. Nombre de théories critiques se sont en effet élaborées sur l’idée d’un premier XVIIe siècle glorieux à l’image de Rodrigue et d’une seconde moitié de siècle déclinante et sombre. C’est le cas de Paul Bénichou et de sa « démolition du héros ». Mais peut-on en garantir la véracité si elles reposent pour affirmer la grandeur des premières décennies du siècle sur le seul exemple de Rodrigue ? Une relecture de la littérature de cette période permet pour finir de revenir sur des conceptions altérées notamment par l’éclat du succès incomparable du Cid et d’envisager le premier XVIIe siècle sous une autre lumière.The basis of this work lies primarily in the discovery of a huge nature difference between the hero in “Le Cid”, and the far less glorious contemporary drama protagonists. On the other hand, it is based upon the intuition that most literary analysis almost exclusively use Rodrigue as the character of the first decades of the17th century.The first step of our work was therefore to try to confirm these impressions by conveying the very special status of this character. We have studied the treatment of “Le Cid” and its hero throughout the centuries with this goal in mind, assessing that the way audiences, readers and critics reacted to the play steadily built our perception of Rodrigue. We have tried to understand how the play and its hero were welcomed from January 1637 to the outcome of the 21st century. We have thus established the longevity of the text as well as the outstanding praise reactions it met with. This enabled us to substantiate the mythification of the play and bring into light its universal scope.From these first conclusions, we then tried to find out the reasons why the success of the play has never been denied. Here again it is the study of the critic treatment that quickly showed us that the unanimous public feeling was essentially due to Rodrigue as a character. For it is he mainly who seems to captivate the audience and the readers’interest. In the second part, we therefore tried to understand why Rodrigue is so mesmerising. With this purpose in mind, we confronted our character to the very hero notion. The stiking coincidence that public reactions convey between this archetypal character and “Le Cid” protagonist brought us to a first conclusion: the play is enthusiastically welcomed in the 17th century because the main character updates the human ideal as it was viewed at the time. Yet, the passion that the play generated in later periods is based on the same principle: it is because Rodrigue embodies the 17th century hero that the public from the age of enlightenment, from the great romantic era, from the French 3rd Republic or the interwar period do feel fond of him. “Le Cid” protagonist appears both as a revered and missed hero because he belongs to days gone by, a past example of the ideal man. In Corneille’s entire works, he is also regarded as a heroic paradygm and is viewed as the Cornelian male reference from which other male characters are derived in the works of the playwright. He is the very source of “the Cornelian hero” myth.However, Rodrigue’s unanimous critic treatment brings forward another issue: does “Le Cid” really stand apart in the early 17th century drama? At the outset of our third part, a brief survey of the period drama reveals the gap between Rodrigue’s image as it was made by the critic treatment and the dramatic reality of the 1630-1650 era. Corneille’s tragicomedy is not the only successful play and its hero is not the only stage embodiment of the male figure as it was then represented. Several other playwrights were successful too. Yet, the critic treatment does not take them into account. It seems as if Corneille is the only author to be remembered in the history of literature. Thus, “Le Cid” is the play reference. But it alters our vision of the 17th century drama and mentalities.In fact, scores of critic theories were based on the idea of a glorious early 17th century (impersonated by Rodrigue) as opposed to a gloomier and declining period at the end of the century. But can one guarantee their truthfulness if they are only based on the character of Rodrigue to assert the grandeur of the early 17th century decades?To conclude, a precise and detailed reading of the period literature allows one to study many misinterpretations, particularly because of “Le Cid” unmatched success, and to consider the early 17th century with a brand new perspective
Dolores Turmel-Rodrigue, peintre de la vie populaire en Beauce
No full textDécédée en 2011 à l’âge de 82 ans, Dolores Turmel-Rodrigue, artiste peintre, s’était donné pour mission de faire revivre dans ses tableaux les personnes, les lieux et les pratiques de la société traditionnelle de sa région natale, la Beauce. Pour nous la présenter et commenter son oeuvre, Bernard Genest a ressorti ses notes de terrain et des enregistrements réalisés dans le cadre de recherches menées dans les années 1982-1985. Il commence par situer l’artiste dans ses contextes géographique, social et culturel, puis s’attarde à décrire la technique et les thématiques qui caractérisent la production de l’artiste. Sans avoir au départ de plan préconçu, celle-ci voyait comme un devoir de mémoire le fait de témoigner de pratiques et d’un mode de vie pour lesquels elle éprouvait un vif attachement et la conviction profonde d’un héritage à préserver et à transmettre. Son oeuvre, selon l’auteur de l’article, est une contribution importante au patrimoine culturel des Beaucerons et pour l’ensemble des Québécois.Passing away in 2011 at the age of 82 years old, Dolores Turmel-Rodrigue, a painter, had assigned herself the task to revive in her paintings the people, places and practices of the traditional society of her native region, Beauce. To represent her and to comment on her work, Bernard Genest took out his field notes and recordings conducted during his research carried out between 1982 and 1985. He begins by situating the artist in her geographical, social and cultural context, and lingers to describe the techniques and themes that characterize the artist’s creations. Departing without a preconceived plan, she saw it as her duty to remember and to testify of the practices and the lifestyle to which she felt a strong commitment, and held strong beliefs to preserve and transmit that legacy. Her work, according to the author of this article, is an important contribution to the cultural heritage of Beauce and for all Quebecers
Who wrote the Ladino Siddur for Women [French National Library, Hebr. 668]?
No full textLazar published Siddur Tefillot: A Woman's Ladino Prayer Book in 1995, based on a manuscript found in the French National Library [Hebr. 668]. He claimed that the text originated in 15th century Spain. Minervini reviewed the publication in 1998 and argued that the manuscript must have been written later, most likely in the latter years of the sixteenth or beginning of the seventeenth century. Both researchers agree that the Siddur is a literal, non-normative translation of a Hebrew Siddur written by an amateur author. The bibliographical description of the manuscript gives its origin as “Maroc?.” The manuscript is extremely interesting because it features linguistic characteristics of the languages spoken in Andalusia, Aragon, Portugal, Italy, and Judeo-Spanish from the Ottoman Empire. This paper examines various linguistic and textual aspects of the Siddur to determine the origin of the author. Even if the manuscript did reach Paris via Morocco, the linguistic data prove that the author's background is from Italy, probably of Portuguese ex-converso origin
The psychology of preaching: the power of diaries
No full textRecent discoveries in neuroscience shows that individuals have an impulsive system and a reflective system. These two systems are protected by powerful psychological defense mechanisms. In particular, confirmation bias, cognitive and the way people remember and forget information can prevent learning new things about Islam. To be effective, Muslim preachers must overcome these defense mechanisms so that new knowledge about Islam can be internalised. To achieve this goal, this author experimented with students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Since 2010, over 1,100 students have listened to Islamic videos on a weekly basis throughout the semester and kept a diary documenting their reflections. Both qualitative and quantitative data are presented. The analysis suggest that keeping diary is a useful way to overcome defense mechanisms. This author conclude that preachers can think about shifting their role from providing content about Islam to providing a process for helping Muslims discover new things about Islam
Positive deviance and Islamic leadership
No full textThis study investigates whether positive deviance can become a tool to promote leadership from an Islamic perspective. This study offers a brief review of the literature on leadership, the link between perception and leadership and leadership from an Islamic perspective. In particular, attention is drawn to the work of Beekun and Badawi (1999) in the area of leadership from an Islamic perspective. This author suggests that practitioners find it difficult to implement principles of Islamic leadership because they lack specific management tools. By reviewing the literature, this author has identified positive deviance as a management tool for leaders to challenge and change the collective perceptions of followers. Within this context, the positive deviance methodology fits in remarkably well with the framework proposed by Beekun and Badawi (1999). The suitability of positive deviance as a tool for Islamic leaders is explored
Asymmetric microcellular composites: Morphological properties
No full textAsymmetric microcellular composites were prepared by injection molding to study the effects of temperature gradient inside the mold (0 to 60Zapotitlán) as well as blowing agent (0 to 1%) and natural fibers (0 to 30%) contents. High-density polyethylene, flax fiber, and azodicarbonamide were used as the matrix, reinforcement, and chemical blowing agent, respectively. From the samples produced, a complete morphological characterization was performed. As expected, cell size, cell density, and skin and core thicknesses were affected by blowing agent and natural fiber contents and mold temperatures. It was found that a better microcellular asymmetric structure was obtained with higher fiber and blowing agent contents and higher average mold temperature. From the data obtained, a simple mathematical model was used to fit the relative density of asymmetric foams to include skin, core, and transition zone thicknesses. Zapotitlán The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions. nav
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